Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) (2016)
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5. An importing Party shall ensure that its final decision in response to a finding of non-conformity with the importing Party's sanitary or phytosanitary measure, is limited to what is reasonable and necessary, and is rationally related to the available science.

6. If an importing Party prohibits or restricts the importation of a good of another Party on the basis of an adverse result of an import check, the importing Party shall provide a notification about the adverse result to at least one of the following: the importer or its agent; the exporter; the manufacturer; or the exporting Party.

7. When the importing Party provides a notification pursuant to paragraph 6, it shall:

(a) include:

(i) the reason for the prohibition or restriction;

(ii) the legal basis or authorisation for the action; and

(iii) information on the status of the affected goods and, if appropriate, on their disposition;

(b) do so in a manner consistent with its laws, regulations and requirements as soon as possible and no later than seven days (8) after the date of the decision to prohibit or restrict, unless the good is seized by a customs administration; and

(c) if the notification has not already been provided through another channel, transmit the notification by electronic means, if practicable.

8. An importing Party that prohibits or restricts the importation of a good of another Party on the basis of an adverse result of an import check shall provide an opportunity for a review of the decision and consider any relevant information submitted to assist in the review. The review request and information should be submitted to the importing Party within a reasonable period of time (9)

9. If an importing Party determines that there is a significant, sustained or recurring pattern of non-conformity with a sanitary or phytosanitary measure, the importing Party shall notify the exporting Party of the non-conformity.

10. On request, an importing Party shall provide to the exporting Party available information on goods from the exporting Party that were found not to conform to a sanitary or phytosanitary measure of the importing Party.

(7) For greater certainty, nothing in this Article prohibits a Party from performing import checks to obtain information to assess risk or to determine the need for, develop or periodically review a risk-based import programme.
(8) For the purposes of this paragraph, the term "days" does not include national holidays of the importing Party.
(9) For greater certainty, nothing in this Article prevents an importing Party from disposing of goods which are found to have an infectious pathogen or pest that, if urgent action is not taken, can spread and cause damage to human, animal or plant life or health in the Party’s territory.

Article 7.12. Certification

1. The Parties recognise that assurances with respect to sanitary or phytosanitary requirements may be provided through means other than certificates and that different systems may be capable of meeting the same sanitary or phytosanitary objective.

2. If an importing Party requires certification for trade in a good, the Party shall ensure that the certification requirement is applied, in meeting the Party's sanitary or phytosanitary objectives, only to the extent necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health.

3. In applying certification requirements, an importing Party shall take into account relevant guidance of the WTO SPS Committee and international standards, guidelines and recommendations.

4. An importing Party shall limit attestations and information it requires on the certificates to essential information that is related to the sanitary or phytosanitary objectives of the importing Party.

5. An importing Party should provide to another Party, on request, the rationale for any attestations or information that the importing Party requires to be included on a certificate.

6. The Parties may agree to work cooperatively to develop model certificates to accompany specific goods traded between the Parties, taking into account relevant guidance of the WTO SPS Committee and international standards, guidelines and recommendations.

7. The Parties shall promote the implementation of electronic certification and other technologies to facilitate trade.

Article 7.13. Transparency  (10)

1. The Parties recognise the value of sharing information about their sanitary and phytosanitary measures on an ongoing basis, and of providing interested persons and other Parties with the opportunity to comment on their proposed sanitary and phytosanitary measures.

2. In implementing this Article, each Party shall take into account relevant guidance of the WTO SPS Committee and international standards, guidelines and recommendations.

3. A Party shall notify a proposed sanitary or phytosanitary measure that may have an effect on the trade of another Party, including any that conforms to international standards, guidelines or recommendations, by using the WTO SPS notification submission system as a means of notifying the other Parties.

4. Unless urgent problems of human, animal or plant life or health protection arise or threaten to arise, or the measure is of a trade-facilitating nature, a Party shall normally allow at least 60 days for interested persons and other Parties to provide written comments on the proposed measure after it makes the notification under paragraph 3. If feasible and appropriate, the Party should allow more than 60 days. The Party shall consider any reasonable request from an interested person or another Party to extend the comment period. On request of another Party, the Party shall respond to the written comments of the other Party in an appropriate manner.

5. The Party shall make available to the public, by electronic means in an official journal or on a website, the proposed sanitary or phytosanitary measure notified under paragraph 3, the legal basis for the measure, and the written comments or a summary of the written comments that the Party has received from the public on the measure.

6. If a Party proposes a sanitary or phytosanitary measure which does not conform to an international standard, guideline or recommendation, the Party shall provide to another Party, on request, and to the extent permitted by the confidentiality and privacy requirements of the Party's law, the relevant documentation that the Party considered in developing the proposed measure, including documented and objective scientific evidence that is rationally related to the measure, such as risk assessments, relevant studies and expert opinions.

7. A Party that proposes to adopt a sanitary or phytosanitary measure shall discuss with another Party, on request and if appropriate and feasible, any scientific or trade concerns that the other Party may raise regarding the proposed measure and the availability of alternative, less trade-restrictive approaches for achieving the objective of the measure.

8. Each Party shall publish, preferably by electronic means, notices of final sanitary or phytosanitary measures in an official journal or website.

9. Each Party shall notify the other Parties of final sanitary or phytosanitary measures through the WTO SPS notification submission system. Each Party shall ensure that the text or the notice of a final sanitary or phytosanitary measure specifies the date on which the measure takes effect and the legal basis for the measure. A Party shall also make available to another Party, on request, and to the extent permitted by the confidentiality and privacy requirements of the Party's law, significant written comments and relevant documentation considered to support the measure that were received during the comment period.

10. If a final sanitary or phytosanitary measure is substantively altered from the proposed measure, a Party shall also include in the notice of the final sanitary or phytosanitary measure that it publishes, an explanation of:

(a) the objective and rationale of the measure and how the measure advances that objective and rationale; and

(b) any substantive revisions that it made to the proposed measure.

11. An exporting Party shall notify the importing Party through the contact points referred to in Article 7.6 (Competent Authorities and Contact Points) in a timely and appropriate manner:

(a) if it has knowledge of a significant sanitary or phytosanitary risk related to the export of a good from its territory;

(b) of urgent situations where a change in animal or plant health status in the territory of the exporting Party may affect current trade;

(c) of significant changes in the status of a regionalised pest or disease;

(d) of new scientific findings of importance which affect the regulatory response with respect to food safety, pests or diseases; and

(e) of significant changes in food safety, pest or disease management, control or eradication policies or practices that may affect current trade.

12. If feasible and appropriate, a Party should provide an interval of more than six months between the date it publishes a final sanitary or phytosanitary measure and the date on which the measure takes effect, unless the measure is intended to address an urgent problem of human, animal or plant life or health protection or the measure is of a trade- facilitating nature.

13. A Party shall provide to another Party, on request, all sanitary or phytosanitary measures related to the importation of a good into that Party's territory.

(10) For greater certainty, this Article applies only to a sanitary or phytosanitary measure that constitutes a sanitary or phytosanitary regulation for the purposes of Annex B of the SPS Agreement.

Article 7.14. Emergency Measures

1. If a Party adopts an emergency measure that is necessary for the protection of human, animal or plant life or health, the Party shall promptly notify the other Parties of that measure through the primary representative and the relevant contact point referred to in Article 7.6 (Competent Authorities and Contact Points). The Party that adopts the emergency measure shall take into consideration any information provided by other Parties in response to the notification.

2. If a Party adopts an emergency measure, it shall review the scientific basis of that measure within six months and make available the results of the review to any Party on request. If the emergency measure is maintained after the review, because the reason for its adoption remains, the Party should review the measure periodically.

Article 7.15. Cooperation

1. The Parties shall explore opportunities for further cooperation, collaboration and information exchange between the Parties on sanitary and phytosanitary matters of mutual interest, consistent with this Chapter. Those opportunities may include trade facilitation initiatives and technical assistance. The Parties shall cooperate to facilitate the implementation of this Chapter.

2. The Parties shall cooperate and may jointly identify work on sanitary and phytosanitary matters with the goal of eliminating unnecessary obstacles to trade between the Parties.

Article 7.16. Information Exchange

A Party may request information from another Party on a matter arising under this Chapter. A Party that receives a request for information shall endeavour to provide available information to the requesting Party within a reasonable period of time, and if possible, by electronic means.

Article 7.17. Cooperative Technical Consultations

1. If a Party has concerns regarding any matter arising under this Chapter with another Party, it shall endeavour to resolve the matter by using the administrative procedures that the other Party's competent authority has available. If the relevant Parties have bilateral or other mechanisms available to address the matter, the Party raising the matter shall endeavour to resolve the matter through those mechanisms, if it considers that it is appropriate to do so. A Party may have recourse to the Cooperative Technical Consultations (CTC) set out in paragraph 2 at any time it considers that the continued use of the administrative procedures or bilateral or other mechanisms would not resolve the matter.

2. One or more Parties (requesting Party) may initiate CTC with another Party (responding Party) to discuss any matter arising under this Chapter that the requesting Party considers may adversely affect its trade by delivering a request to the primary representative of the responding Party. The request shall be in writing and identify the reason for the request, including a description of the requesting Party’s concerns about the matter, and set out the provisions of this Chapter that relate to the matter.

3. Unless the requesting Party and the responding Party (the consulting Parties) agree otherwise, the responding Party shall acknowledge the request in writing within seven days of the date of its receipt.

4. Unless the consulting Parties agree otherwise, the consulting Parties shall meet within 30 days of the responding Party's acknowledgement of the request to discuss the matter identified in the request, with the aim of resolving the matter within 180 days of the request if possible. The meeting shall be in person or by electronic means.

5. The consulting Parties shall ensure the appropriate involvement of relevant trade and regulatory agencies in meetings held pursuant to this Article.

6. All communications between the consulting Parties in the course of CTC, as well as all documents generated for CTC, shall be kept confidential unless the consulting Parties agree otherwise and without prejudice to the rights and obligations of any Party under this Agreement, the WTO Agreement or any other international agreement to which it is a party.

7. The requesting Party may cease CTC proceedings under this Article and have recourse to dispute settlement under Chapter 28 (Dispute Settlement) if:

(a) the meeting referred to in paragraph 4 does not take place within 37 days of the date of the request, or such other timeframe as the consulting Parties may agree under paragraphs 3 and 4; or

(b) the meeting referred to in paragraph 4 has been held.

8. No Party shall have recourse to dispute settlement under Chapter 28 (Dispute Settlement) for a matter arising under this Chapter without first seeking to resolve the matter through CTC in accordance with this Article.

Article 7.18. Dispute Settlement

1. Unless otherwise provided in this Chapter, Chapter 28 (Dispute Settlement) shall apply to this Chapter, subject to the following:

(a) with respect to Article 7.8 (Equivalence), Article 7.10 (Audits) and Article 7.11 (import Checks), Chapter 28 (Dispute Settlement) shall apply with respect to a responding Party as of one year after the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party; and

(b) with respect to Article 7.9 (Science and Risk Analysis), Chapter 28 (Dispute Settlement) shall apply with respect to a responding Party as of two years after the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party.

2. In a dispute under this Chapter that involves scientific or technical issues, a panel should seek advice from experts chosen by the panel in consultation with the Parties involved in the dispute. To this end, the panel may, if it deems appropriate, establish an advisory technical experts group, or consult the relevant international standard setting organisations, at the request of either Party to the dispute or on its own initiative.

Chapter 8. TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE

Article 8.1. Definitions

1. The definitions of the terms used in this Chapter contained in Annex 1 of the TBT Agreement, including the chapeau and explanatory notes of Annex 1, are incorporated into this Chapter and shall form part of this Chapter, mutatis mutandis.

2. In addition, for the purposes of this Chapter:

consular transactions means requirements that products of a Party intended for export to the territory of another Party must first be submitted to the supervision of the consul of the importing Party in the territory of the exporting Party for the purpose of obtaining consular invoices or consular visas for conformity assessment documentation;

marketing authorisation means the process or processes by which a Party approves or registers a product in order to authorise its marketing, distribution or sale in the Party's territory. The process or processes may be described in a Party's laws or regulations in various ways, including "marketing authorisation", "authorisation", "approval", "registration", "sanitary authorisation", "sanitary registration" and "sanitary approval" for a product. Marketing authorisation does not include notification procedures;

mutual recognition agreement means a binding government-to-government agreement for recognition of the results of conformity assessment conducted against the appropriate technical regulations or standards in one or more sectors, including government-to-government agreements to implement the APEC Mutual Recognition Arrangement for Conformity Assessment of Telecommunications Equipment of May 8, 1998 and the Electrical and Electronic Equipment Mutual Recognition Arrangement of July 7, 1999 and other agreements that provide for the recognition of conformity assessment conducted against appropriate technical regulations or standards in one or more sectors;

mutual recognition arrangement means an international or regional arrangement (including a multilateral recognition arrangement) between accreditation bodies recognising the equivalence of accreditation systems (based on peer review) or between conformity assessment bodies recognising the results of conformity assessment;

post-market surveillance means procedures taken by a Party after a product has been placed on its market to enable the Party to monitor or address compliance with the Party's domestic requirements for products;

TBT Agreement means the WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, as may be amended; and

verify means to take action to confirm the veracity of individual conformity assessment results, such as requesting information from the conformity assessment body or the body that accredited, approved, licensed or otherwise recognised the conformity assessment body, but does not include requirements that subject a product to conformity assessment in the territory of the importing Party that duplicate the conformity assessment procedures already conducted with respect to the product in the territory of the exporting Party or a third party, except on a random or infrequent basis for the purpose of surveillance, or in response to information indicating non-compliance.

Article 8.2. Objective

The objective of this Chapter is to facilitate trade, including by eliminating unnecessary technical barriers to trade, enhancing transparency, and promoting greater regulatory cooperation and good regulatory practice.

Article 8.3. Scope

1. This Chapter shall apply to the preparation, adoption and application of all technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures of central level of government bodies (and, where explicitly provided for, technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures of government bodies at the level directly below that of the central level of government) that may affect trade in goods between the Parties, except as provided in paragraphs 4 and 5.

2. Each Party shall take reasonable measures that are within its authority to encourage observance by regional or local government bodies, as the case may be, on the level directly below that of the central level of government within its territory which are responsible for the preparation, adoption and application of technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures, of Article 8.5 (International Standards, Guides and Recommendations), Article 8.6 (Conformity Assessment), Article 8.8 (Compliance Period for Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment Procedures) and each of the Annexes to this Chapter.

3. All references in this Chapter to technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures shall be construed to include any amendments to them and any addition to the rules or the product coverage of those technical regulations, standards and procedures, except amendments and additions of an insignificant nature.

4. This Chapter shall not apply to technical specifications prepared by a governmental entity for its production or consumption requirements. These specifications are covered by Chapter 15 (Government Procurement).

5. This Chapter shall not apply to sanitary and phytosanitary measures. These are covered by Chapter 7 (Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures).

6. For greater certainty, nothing in this Chapter shall prevent a Party from adopting or maintaining technical regulations, standards or conformity assessment procedures in accordance with its rights and obligations under this Agreement, the TBT Agreement and any other relevant international agreement.

Article 8.4. Incorporation of Certain Provisions of the TBT Agreement

1. The following provisions of the TBT Agreement are incorporated into and made part of this Agreement, mutatis mutandis:

(a) Articles 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, 2.9, 2.10, 2.11, 2.12;

(b) Articles 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9; and

(c) paragraphs D, E and F of Annex 3.

2. No Party shall have recourse to dispute settlement under Chapter 28 (Dispute Settlement) for a dispute that exclusively alleges a violation of the provisions of the TBT Agreement incorporated under paragraph 1.

Article 8.5. International Standards, Guides and Recommendations

1. The Parties recognise the important role that international standards, guides and recommendations can play in supporting greater regulatory alignment, good regulatory practice and reducing unnecessary barriers to trade.

2. In this respect, and further to Articles 2.4 and 5.4 and Annex 3 of the TBT Agreement, to determine whether there is an international standard, guide or recommendation within the meaning of Articles 2 and 5 and Annex 3 of the TBT Agreement, each Party shall apply the Decisions and Recommendations adopted by the WTO Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade Since 1 January 1995 (G/TBT/1/Rev.12), as may be revised, issued by the WTO Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade.

3. The Parties shall cooperate with each other, when feasible and appropriate, to ensure that international standards, guides and recommendations that are likely to become a basis for technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures do not create unnecessary obstacles to international trade.

Article 8.6. Conformity Assessment

1. Further to Article 6.4 of the TBT Agreement, each Party shall accord to conformity assessment bodies located in the territory of another Party treatment no less favourable than that it accords to conformity assessment bodies located in its own territory or in the territory of any other Party. In order to ensure that it accords such treatment, each Party shall apply the same or equivalent procedures, criteria and other conditions to accredit, approve, license or otherwise recognise conformity assessment bodies located in the territory of another Party that it may apply to conformity assessment bodies in its own territory.

2. Further to Article 6.4 of the TBT Agreement, if a Party maintains procedures, criteria or other conditions as set out in paragraph 1 and requires test results, certifications or inspections as positive assurance that a product conforms to a technical regulation or standard, the Party:

(a) shall not require the conformity assessment body that tests or certifies the product, or the conformity assessment body conducting an inspection, to be located within its territory;

(b) shall not impose requirements on conformity assessment bodies located outside its territory that would effectively require those conformity assessment bodies to operate an office in that Party's territory; and

(c) shall permit conformity assessment bodies in other Parties' territories to apply to the Party for a determination that they comply with any procedures, criteria and other conditions the Party requires to deem them competent or to otherwise approve them to test or certify the product or conduct an inspection.

3. Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not preclude a Party from undertaking conformity assessment in relation to a specific product solely within specified government bodies located in its own territory or in another Party's territory, in a manner consistent with its obligations under the TBT Agreement.

4. If a Party undertakes conformity assessment under paragraph 3, and further to Articles 5.2 and 5.4 of the TBT Agreement concerning limitation on information requirements, the protection of legitimate commercial interests and the adequacy of review procedures, the Party shall, on the request of another Party, explain:

(a) how the information required is necessary to assess conformity and determine fees;

(b) how the Party ensures that the confidentiality of the information required is respected in a manner that ensures legitimate commercial interests are protected; and

(c) the procedure to review complaints concerning the operation of the conformity assessment procedure and to take corrective action when a complaint is justified.

5. Paragraphs 1 and 2(c) shall not preclude a Party from using mutual recognition agreements to accredit, approve, license or otherwise recognise conformity assessment bodies located outside its territory.

6. Nothing in paragraphs 1, 2 and 5 precludes a Party from verifying the results of conformity assessment procedures undertaken by conformity assessment bodies located outside its territory.

7. Further to paragraph 6, in order to enhance confidence in the continued reliability of conformity assessment results from the Parties' respective territories, a Party may request information on matters pertaining to conformity assessment bodies located outside its territory.

8. Further to Article 9.1 of the TBT Agreement, a Party shall consider adopting measures to approve conformity assessment bodies that have accreditation for the technical regulations or standards of the importing Party, by an accreditation body that is a signatory to an international or regional mutual recognition arrangement. (1) The Parties recognise that these arrangements can address the key considerations in approving conformity assessment bodies, including technical competence, independence, and the avoidance of conflicts of interest.

9. Further to Article 9.2 of the TBT Agreement no Party shall refuse to accept conformity assessment results from a conformity assessment body or take actions that have the effect of, directly or indirectly, requiring or encouraging another Party or person to refuse to accept conformity assessment results from a conformity assessment body because the accreditation body that accredited the conformity assessment body:

(a) operates in the territory of a Party where there is more than one accreditation body;

(b) is a non-governmental body;

(c) is domiciled in the territory of a Party that does not maintain a procedure for recognising accreditation bodies, provided that the accreditation body is recognised internationally, consistent with the provisions in paragraph 8;

(d) does not operate an office in the Party's territory; or

(e) is a for-profit entity.

10. Nothing in paragraph 9 prohibits a Party from refusing to accept conformity assessment results from a conformity assessment body on grounds other than those set out in paragraph 9 if that Party can substantiate those grounds for the refusal, and that refusal is not inconsistent with the TBT Agreement and this Chapter.

11. A Party shall publish, preferably by electronic means, any procedures, criteria and other conditions that it may use as the basis for determining whether conformity assessment bodies are competent to receive accreditation, approval, licensing or other recognition, including accreditation, approval, licensing or other recognition granted pursuant to a mutual recognition agreement.

12. If a Party:

(a) accredits, approves, licenses or otherwise recognises a body assessing conformity with a particular technical regulation or standard in its territory, and refuses to accredit, approve, license or otherwise recognise a body assessing conformity with that technical regulation or standard in the territory of another Party; or

(b) declines to use a mutual recognition arrangement, it shall, on request of the other Party, explain the reasons for its decision.

13. If a Party does not accept the results of a conformity assessment procedure conducted in the territory of another Party, it shall, on the request of the other Party, explain the reasons for its decision.

14. Further to Article 6.3 of the TBT Agreement, if a Party declines the request of another Party to enter into negotiations to conclude an agreement for mutual recognition of the results of each other's conformity assessment procedures, it shall, on request of that other Party, explain the reasons for its decision.

15. Further to Article 5.2.5 of the TBT Agreement any conformity assessment fees imposed by a Party shall be limited to the approximate cost of services rendered.

16. No Party shall require consular transactions, including related fees and charges, in connection with conformity assessment. (2)

(1) The Committee shall be responsible for developing and maintaining a list of such arrangements.
(2) For greater certainty, this paragraph shall not apply to a Party verifying conformity assessment documents during a marketing authorisation or reauthorisation process

Article 8.7. Transparency

1. Each Party shall allow persons of another Party to participate in the development of technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures by its central government bodies (3) on terms no less favourable than those that it accords to its own persons.

2. Each Party is encouraged to consider methods to provide additional transparency in the development of technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures, including through the use of electronic tools and public outreach or consultations.

3. If appropriate, each Party shall encourage non-governmental bodies in its territory to observe the obligations in paragraphs 1 and 2.

4. Each Party shall publish all proposals for new technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures and proposals for amendments to existing technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures, and all new final technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures and final amendments to existing technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures, of central government bodies.

5. A Party may determine the form of proposals for technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures, which may take the form of: policy proposals; discussion documents; summaries of proposed technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures; or the draft text of proposed technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures. Each Party shall ensure that its proposals contain sufficient detail about the likely content of the proposed technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures to adequately inform interested persons and other Parties about whether and how their trade interests might be affected.

6. Each Party shall publish preferably by electronic means, in a single official journal or website all proposals for new technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures and proposals for amendments to existing technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures, and all new final technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures and final amendments to existing technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures, of central government bodies, that a Party is required to notify or publish under the TBT Agreement or this Chapter, and that may have a significant effect on trade. (4)

7. Each Party shall take such reasonable measures as may be available to it to ensure that all proposals for new technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures and proposals for amendments to existing technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures, and all new final technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures and final amendments to existing technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures, of regional or local governments, as the case may be, on the level directly below that of the central level of government, are published.

8. Each Party shall ensure that all new final technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures and final amendments to existing technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures, and to the extent practicable, all proposals for new technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures and proposals for amendments to existing technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures, of regional or local governments on the level directly below that of the central level of government are accessible through official websites or journals, preferably consolidated into a single website.

9. Each Party shall notify proposals for new technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures that are in accordance with the technical content of relevant international standards, guides or recommendations, if any, and that may have a significant effect on trade, according to the procedures established under Article 2.9 or 5.6 of the TBT Agreement.

10. Notwithstanding paragraph 9, if urgent problems of safety, health, environmental protection or national security arise or threaten to arise for a Party, that Party may notify a new technical regulation or conformity assessment procedure that is in accordance with the technical content of relevant international standards, guides or recommendations, if any, upon the adoption of that regulation or procedure, according to the procedures established under Article 2.10 or 5.7 of the TBT Agreement.

11. Each Party shall endeavour to notify proposals for new technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures of regional or local governments, as the case may be, on the level directly below that of the central level of government that are in accordance with the technical content of relevant international standards, guides and recommendations, if any, and that may have a significant effect on trade according to the procedures established under Article 2.9 or 5.6 of the TBT Agreement.

12. For the purposes of determining whether a proposed technical regulation or conformity assessment procedure may have a significant effect on trade and should be notified in accordance with Article 2.9, 2.10, 3.2, 5.6, 5.7 or 7.2 of the TBT Agreement or this Chapter, a Party shall consider, among other things, the relevant Decisions and Recommendations Adopted by the WTO Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade Since 1 January 1995 (G/TBT/1/Rev. 12), as may be revised.

(3) A Party satisfies this obligation by, for example, providing interested persons a reasonable opportunity to provide comments on the measure it proposes to develop and taking those comments into account in the development of the measure.
(4) For greater certainty, a Party may comply with this obligation by ensuring that the proposed and final measures in this paragraph are published on, or otherwise accessible through, the WTO's official website.

13. A Party that publishes a notice and that files a notification in accordance with Article 2.9, 3.2, 5.6 or 7.2 of the TBT Agreement or this Chapter shall:

(a) include in the notification an explanation of the objectives of the proposal and how it would address those objectives; and

(b) transmit the notification and the proposal electronically to the other Parties through their enquiry points established in accordance with Article 10 of the TBT Agreement, at the same time as it notifies WTO Members.

14. Each Party shall normally allow 60 days from the date it transmits a proposal under paragraph 13 for another Party or an interested person of another Party to provide comments in writing on the proposal. A Party shall consider any reasonable request from another Party or an interested person of another Party to extend the comment period. A Party that is able to extend a time limit beyond 60 days, for example 90 days, is encouraged to do so.

  • Chapter   1 INITIAL PROVISIONS AND GENERAL DEFINITIONS 1
  • Section   A Initial Provisions 1
  • Article   1.1 Establishment of a Free Trade Area 1
  • Article   1.2 Relation to other Agreements 1
  • Section   B General Definitions 1
  • Article   1.3 General Definitions 1
  • ANNEX 1-A  PARTY-SPECIFIC DEFINITIONS 1
  • Chapter   2 NATIONAL TREATMENT AND MARKET ACCESS FOR GOODS 2
  • Section   A Definitions and Scope 2
  • Article   2.1 Definitions 2
  • Article   2.2 Scope 2
  • Section   B National Treatment and Market Access for Goods 2
  • Article   2.3 National Treatment 2
  • Article   2.4 Elimination of Customs Duties 2
  • Article   2.5 Waiver of Customs Duties 2
  • Article   2.6 Goods Re-entered after Repair and Alteration 2
  • Article   2.7 Duty-Free Entry of Commercial Samples of Negligible Value and Printed Advertising Material 2
  • Article   2.8 Temporary Admission of Goods 2
  • Article   2.9 Ad Hoc Discussions 2
  • Article   2.10 Import and Export Restrictions 2
  • Article   2.11 Remanufactured Goods 2
  • Article   2.12 Import Licensing 2
  • Article   2.13 Transparency In Export Licensing Procedures  (7) 3
  • Article   2.14 Administrative Fees and Formalities 3
  • Article   2.15 Export Duties, Taxes or other Charges 3
  • Article   2.16 Publication 3
  • Article   2.17 Trade In Information Technology Products 3
  • Article   2.18 Committee on Trade In Goods 3
  • Section   C Agriculture 3
  • Article   2.19 Definitions 3
  • Article   2.20 Scope 3
  • Article   2.21 Agricultural Export Subsidies 3
  • Article   2.22 Export Credits, Export Credit Guarantees or Insurance Programmes 3
  • Article   2.23 Agricultural Export State Trading Enterprises 3
  • Article   2.24 Export Restrictions - Food Security 3
  • Article   2.25 Committee on Agricultural Trade 3
  • Article   2.26 Agricultural Safeguards 3
  • Article   2.27 Trade of Products of Modern Biotechnology 3
  • Section   D Tariff-Rate Quota Administration 4
  • Article   2.28 Scope and General Provisions 4
  • Article   2.29 Administration and Eligibility 4
  • Article   2.30 Allocation  (18) 4
  • Article   2.31 Return and Reallocation of TRQs 4
  • Article   2.32 Transparency 4
  • Chapter   3 RULES OF ORIGIN AND ORIGIN PROCEDURES 4
  • Section   A Rules of Origin 4
  • Article   3.1 Definitions 4
  • Article   3.2 Originating Goods 4
  • Article   3.3 Wholly Obtained or Produced Goods 4
  • Article   3.4 Treatment of Recovered Materials Used In Production of a Remanufactured Good 4
  • Article   3.5 Regional Value Content 4
  • Article   3.6 Materials Used In Production 4
  • Article   3.7 Value of Materials Used In Production 4
  • Article   3.8 Further Adjustments to the Value of Materials 4
  • Article   3.9 Net Cost 4
  • Article   3.10 Accumulation 5
  • Article   3.11 De Minimis 5
  • Article   3.12 Fungible Goods or Materials 5
  • Article   3.13 Accessories, Spare Parts, Tools and Instructional or other Information Materials 5
  • Article   3.14 Packaging Materials and Containers for Retail Sale 5
  • Article   3.15 Packing Materials and Containers for Shipment 5
  • Article   3.16 Indirect Materials 5
  • Article   3.17 Sets of Goods 5
  • Article   3.18 Transit and Transhipment 5
  • Section   B Origin Procedures 5
  • Article   3.19 Application of Origin Procedures 5
  • Article   3.20 Claims for Preferential Treatment 5
  • Article   3.21 Basis of a Certification of Origin 5
  • Article   3.22 Discrepancies 5
  • Article   3.23 Waiver of Certification of Origin 5
  • Article   3.24 Obligations Relating to Importation 5
  • Article   3.25 Obligations Relating to Exportation 5
  • Article   3.26 Record Keeping Requirements 5
  • Article   3.27 Verification of Origin 5
  • Article   3.28 Determinations on Claims for Preferential Tariff Treatment 6
  • Article   3.29 Refunds and Claims for Preferential Tariff Treatment after Importation 6
  • Article   3.30 Penalties 6
  • Article   3.31 Confidentiality 6
  • Section   C Other Matters 6
  • Article   3.32 Committee on Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures 6
  • Chapter   4 TEXTILE AND APPAREL GOODS 6
  • Article   4.1 Definitions 6
  • Article   4.2 Rules of Origin and Related Matters 6
  • Article   4.3 Emergency Actions 6
  • Article   4.4 Cooperation 6
  • Article   4.5 Monitoring 6
  • Article   4.6 Verification 6
  • Article   4.7 Determinations 6
  • Article   4.8 Committee on Textile and Apparel Trade Matters 7
  • Article   4.9 Confidentiality 7
  • Chapter   5 CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION AND TRADE FACILITATION 7
  • Article   5.1 Customs Procedures and Facilitation of Trade 7
  • Article   5.2 Customs Cooperation 7
  • Article   5.3 Advance Rulings 7
  • Article   5.4 Response to Requests for Advice or Information 7
  • Article   5.5 Review and Appeal 7
  • Article   5.6 Automation 7
  • Article   5.7 Express Shipments 7
  • Article   5.8 Penalties 7
  • Article   5.9 Risk Management 7
  • Article   5.10 Release of Goods 7
  • Article   5.11 Publication 7
  • Article   5.12 Confidentiality 7
  • Chapter   6 TRADE REMEDIES 7
  • Section   A Safeguard Measures 7
  • Article   6.1 Definitions 7
  • Article   6.2 Global Safeguards 7
  • Article   6.3 Imposition of a Transitional Safeguard Measure 8
  • Article   6.4 Standards for a Transitional Safeguard Measure 8
  • Article   6.5 Investigation Procedures and Transparency Requirements 8
  • Article   6.6 Notification and Consultation 8
  • Article   6.7 Compensation 8
  • Section   B Antidumping and Countervailing Duties 8
  • Article   6.8 Antidumping and Countervailing Duties 8
  • Chapter   7 SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES 8
  • Article   7.1 Definitions 8
  • Article   7.2 Objectives 8
  • Article   7.3 Scope 8
  • Article   7.4 General Provisions 8
  • Article   7.5 Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 8
  • Article   7.6 Competent Authorities and Contact Points 8
  • Article   7.7 Adaptation to Regional Conditions, Including Pest- or Disease- Free Areas and Areas of Low Pest or Disease Prevalence 8
  • Article   7.8 Equivalence 8
  • Article   7.9 Science and Risk Analysis 8
  • Article   7.10 Audits  (6) 8
  • Article   7.11 Import Checks 8
  • Article   7.12 Certification 9
  • Article   7.13 Transparency  (10) 9
  • Article   7.14 Emergency Measures 9
  • Article   7.15 Cooperation 9
  • Article   7.16 Information Exchange 9
  • Article   7.17 Cooperative Technical Consultations 9
  • Article   7.18 Dispute Settlement 9
  • Chapter   8 TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE 9
  • Article   8.1 Definitions 9
  • Article   8.2 Objective 9
  • Article   8.3 Scope 9
  • Article   8.4 Incorporation of Certain Provisions of the TBT Agreement 9
  • Article   8.5 International Standards, Guides and Recommendations 9
  • Article   8.6 Conformity Assessment 9
  • Article   8.7 Transparency 9
  • Article   8.8 Compliance Period for Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment Procedures 10
  • Article   8.9 Cooperation and Trade Facilitation 10
  • Article   8.10 Information Exchange and Technical Discussions 10
  • Article   8.11 Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade 10
  • Article   8.12 Contact Points 10
  • Article   8.13 Annexes 10
  • ANNEX 8-B  INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS 10
  • Section   A Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Products That Use Cryptography 10
  • Section   B Electromagnetic Compatibility of Information Technology Equipment (ITE) Products 10
  • Section   C Regional Cooperation Activities on Telecommunications Equipment 10
  • Chapter   9 INVESTMENT 10
  • Section   9.1 Definitions 10
  • Article   9.2 Scope 11
  • Article   9.3 Relation to other Chapters 11
  • Article   9.4 National Treatment  (14) 11
  • Article   9.5 Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment 11
  • Article   9.6 Minimum Standard of Treatment  (15) 11
  • Article   9.7 Treatment In Case of Armed Conflict or Civil Strife 11
  • Article   9.8 Expropriation and Compensation  (16) 11
  • Article   9.9 Transfers  (20) 11
  • Article   9.10 Performance Requirements 11
  • Article   9.11 Senior Management and Boards of Directors 11
  • Article   9.12 Non-Conforming Measures 11
  • Article   9.13 Subrogation 12
  • Article   9.14 Special Formalities and Information Requirements 12
  • Article   9.15 Denial of Benefits 12
  • Article   9.16 Investment and Environmental, Health and other Regulatory Objectives 12
  • Article   9.17 Corporate Social Responsibility 12
  • Section   B Investor-State Dispute Settlement 12
  • Article   9.18 Consultation and Negotiation 12
  • Article   9.19 Submission of a Claim to Arbitration 12
  • Article   9.20 Consent of Each Party to Arbitration 12
  • Article   9.21 Conditions and Limitations on Consent of Each Party 12
  • Article   9.22 Selection of Arbitrators 12
  • Article   9.23 Conduct of the Arbitration 12
  • Article   9.24 Transparency of Arbitral Proceedings 12
  • Article   9.25 Governing Law 12
  • Article   9.26 Interpretation of Annexes 12
  • Article   9.27 Expert Reports 12
  • Article   9.28 Consolidation 12
  • Article   9.29 Awards 13
  • Article   9.30 Service of Documents 13
  • ANNEX 9-A  CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 13
  • ANNEX 9-B  EXPROPRIATION 13
  • ANNEX 9-C  EXPROPRIATION RELATING TO LAND 13
  • ANNEX 9-D  SERVICE OF DOCUMENTS ON A PARTY UNDER SECTION B (INVESTOR-STATE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT) 13
  • ANNEX 9-E  TRANSFERS  (40) 13
  • ANNEX 9-F  DL 600. Chile 13
  • ANNEX 9-G  PUBLIC DEBT 13
  • ANNEX 9-H  14
  • ANNEX 9-I  NON-CONFORMING MEASURES RATCHET MECHANISM 14
  • ANNEX 9-J  SUBMISSION OF A CLAIM TO ARBITRATION 14
  • ANNEX 9-K  SUBMISSION OF CERTAIN CLAIMS FOR THREE YEARS AFTER ENTRY INTO FORCE 14
  • ANNEX 9-L  INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS 14
  • Chapter   10 CROSS-BORDER TRADE IN SERVICES 14
  • Article   10.1 Definitions 14
  • Article   10.2 Scope 14
  • Article   10.3 National Treatment  (2) 14
  • Article   10.4 Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment 14
  • Article   10.5 Market Access 14
  • Article   10.6 Local Presence 14
  • Article   10.7 Non-Conforming Measures 14
  • Article   10.8 Domestic Regulation 14
  • Article   10.9 Recognition 15
  • Article   10.10 Denial of Benefits 15
  • Article   10.11 Transparency 15
  • Article   10.12 Payments and Transfers  (9) 15
  • Article   10.13 Other Matters 15
  • ANNEX 10-A   PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 15
  • Chapter   11 FINANCIAL SERVICES 15
  • Article   11.1 Definitions 15
  • Article   11.2 Scope 15
  • Article   11.3 National Treatment  (5) 15
  • Article   11.4 Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment 16
  • Article   11.5 Market Access for Financial Institutions 16
  • Article   11.6 Cross-Border Trade 16
  • Article   11.7 New Financial Services  (7) 16
  • Article   11.8 Treatment of Certain Information 16
  • Article   11.9 Senior Management and Boards of Directors 16
  • Article   11.10 Non-Conforming Measures 16
  • Article   11.11 Exceptions 16
  • Article   11.12 Recognition 16
  • Article   11.13 Transparency and Administration of Certain Measures 16
  • Article   11.14 Self-Regulatory Organisations 16
  • Article   11.15 Payment and Clearing Systems 16
  • Article   11.16 Expedited Availability of Insurance Services 16
  • Article   11.17 Performance of Back-Office Functions 16
  • Article   11.18 Specific Commitments 16
  • Article   11.19 Committee on Financial Services 16
  • Article   11.20 Consultations 16
  • Article   11.21 Dispute Settlement 16
  • Article   11.22 Investment Disputes In Financial Services 16
  • ANNEX 11-A   CROSS-BORDER TRADE 16
  • ANNEX 11-B   SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 17
  • Section   A Portfolio Management 17
  • Section   B Transfer of Information 18
  • Section   C Supply of Insurance by Postal Insurance Entities 18
  • Section   D Electronic Payment Card Services 18
  • Section   E Transparency Considerations 18
  • ANNEX 11-C   NON-CONFORMING MEASURES RATCHET MECHANISM 18
  • ANNEX  11-D   AUTHORITIES RESPONSIBLE FOR FINANCIAL SERVICES 18
  • ANNEX 11-E   18
  • Chapter   12 TEMPORARY ENTRY FOR BUSINESS PERSONS 18
  • Article   12.1 Definitions 18
  • Article   12.2 Scope 19
  • Article   12.3 Application Procedures 19
  • Article   12.4 Grant of Temporary Entry 19
  • Article   12.5 Business Travel 19
  • Article   12.6 Provision of Information 19
  • Article   12.7 Committee on Temporary Entry for Business Persons 19
  • Article   12.8 Cooperation 19
  • Article   12.9 Relation to other Chapters 19
  • Article   12.10 Dispute Settlement 19
  • Chapter   13 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 19
  • Article   13.1 Definitions 19
  • Article   13.2 Scope  19
  • Article   13.3 Approaches to Regulation 19
  • Article   13.4 Access to and Use of Public Telecommunications Services  (3) 19
  • Article   13.5 Obligations Relating to Suppliers of Public Telecommunications Services 19
  • Article   13.6 International Mobile Roaming 19
  • Article   13.7 Treatment by Major Suppliers of Public Telecommunications Services 20
  • Article   13.8 Competitive Safeguards 20
  • Article   13.9 Resale 20
  • Article   13.10 Unbundling of Network Elements by Major Suppliers 20
  • Article   13.11 Interconnection with Major Suppliers General Terms and Conditions 20
  • Article   13.12 Provisioning and Pricing of Leased Circuits Services by Major Suppliers 20
  • Article   13.13 Co-Location by Major Suppliers 20
  • Article   13.14 Access to Poles, Ducts, Conduits and Rights-of-way Owned or Controlled by Major Suppliers  (15) 20
  • Article   13.15 International Submarine Cable Systems  (16) (17) 20
  • Article   13.16 Independent Regulatory Bodies and Government Ownership 20
  • Article   13.17 Universal Service 20
  • Article   13.18 Licensing Process 20
  • Article   13.19 Allocation and Use of Scarce Resources 20
  • Article   13.20 Enforcement 20
  • Article   13.21 Resolution of Telecommunications Disputes 20
  • Article   13.22 Transparency 20
  • Article   13.23 Flexibility In the Choice of Technology 20
  • Article   13.24 Relation to other Chapters 20
  • Article   13.25 Relation to International Organisations 20
  • Article   13.26 Committee on Telecommunications 20
  • Chapter   14 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 20
  • Article   14.1 Definitions 20
  • Article   14.2 Scope and General Provisions 21
  • Article   14.3 Customs Duties 21
  • Article   14.4 Non-Discriminatory Treatment of Digital Products 21
  • Article   14.5 Domestic Electronic Transactions Framework 21
  • Article   14.6 Electronic Authentication and Electronic Signatures 21
  • Article   14.7 Online Consumer Protection 21
  • Article   14.8 Personal Information Protection  (5) 21
  • Article   14.9 Paperless Trading     21
  • Article   14.10 Principles on Access to and Use of the Internet for Electronic Commerce 21
  • Article   14.11 Cross-Border Transfer of Information by Electronic Means 21
  • Article   14.12 Internet Interconnection Charge Sharing 21
  • Article   14.13 Location of Computing Facilities 21
  • Article   14.14 Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Messages  (8) 21
  • Article   14.15 Cooperation 21
  • Article   14.16 Cooperation on Cybersecurity Matters  21
  • Article   14.17 Source Code 21
  • Article   14.18 Dispute Settlement 21
  • Chapter   15 GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT 21
  • Article   15.1 Definitions    21
  • Article   15.2 Scope Application of Chapter 21
  • Article   15.3 Exceptions 22
  • Article   15.4 General Principles 22
  • Article   15.5 Transitional Measures 22
  • Article   15.6 Publication of Procurement Information 22
  • Article   15.7 Notices of Intended Procurement 22
  • Article   15.8 Conditions for Participation 22
  • Article   15.9 Qualification of Suppliers 22
  • Article   15.10 Limited Tendering 22
  • Article   15.11 Negotiations 23
  • Article   15.12 Technical Specifications 23
  • Article   15.13 Tender Documentation 23
  • Article   15.14 Time Periods General 23
  • Article   15.15 Treatment of Tenders and Awarding of Contracts 23
  • Article   15.16 Post-Award Information 23
  • Article   15.17 Disclosure of Information 23
  • Article   15.18 Ensuring Integrity In Procurement Practices 23
  • Article   15.19 Domestic Review 23
  • Article   15.20 Modifications and Rectifications of Annex 23
  • Article   15.21 Facilitation of Participation by SMEs 23
  • Article   15.22 Cooperation 23
  • Article   15.23 Committee on Government Procurement 23
  • Article   15.24 Further Negotiations 24
  • Chapter   16 COMPETITION POLICY 24
  • Article   16.1 Competition Law and Authorities and Anticompetitive Business Conduct  (1) 24
  • Article   16.2 Procedural Fairness In Competition Law Enforcement  (3) 24
  • Article   16.3 Private Rights of Action  (6) 24
  • Article   16.4 Cooperation 24
  • Article   16.5 Technical Cooperation 24
  • Article   16.6 Consumer Protection 24
  • Article   16.7 Transparency 24
  • Article   16.8 Consultations 24
  • Article   16.9 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 24
  • ANNEX 16-A   APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 16.2 (PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS IN COMPETITION LAW ENFORCEMENT), ARTICLE 16.3 (PRIVATE RIGHTS OF ACTION) AND ARTICLE 16.4 (COOPERATION) TO BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 24
  • Chapter   17 STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES AND DESIGNATED MONOPOLIES 24
  • Article   17.1 Definitions 24
  • Article   17.2 Scope  (8) 24
  • Article   17.3 Delegated Authority 25
  • Article   17.4 Non-discriminatory Treatment and Commercial Considerations 25
  • Article   17.5 Courts and Administrative Bodies 25
  • Article   17.6 Non-commercial Assistance 25
  • Article   17.7 Adverse Effects 25
  • Article   17.8 Injury 25
  • Article   17.9 Party-Specific Annexes 25
  • Article   17.10 Transparency (26) (27) 25
  • Article   17.11 Technical Cooperation 25
  • Article   17.12 Committee on State-Owned Enterprises and Designated 25
  • Article   17.13 Exceptions 25
  • Article   17.14 Further Negotiations 26
  • Article   17.15 Process for Developing Information 26
  • Chapter   18 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 26
  • Section   A General Provisions 26
  • Article   18.1 Definitions 26
  • Article   18.2 Objectives 26
  • Article   18.3 Principles 26
  • Article   18.4 Understandings In Respect of this Chapter 26
  • Article   18.5 Nature and Scope of Obligations 26
  • Article   18.6 Understandings Regarding Certain Public Health Measures 26
  • Article   18.7 International Agreements 26
  • Article   18.8 National Treatment 26
  • Article   18.9 Transparency 26
  • Article   18.10 Application of Chapter to Existing Subject Matter and Prior Acts 26
  • Article   18.11 Exhaustion of Intellectual Property Rights 26
  • Section   B Cooperation 26
  • Article   18.12 Contact Points for Cooperation 26
  • Article   18.13 Cooperation Activities and Initiatives 26
  • Article   18.14 Patent Cooperation and Work Sharing 26
  • Article   18.15 Public Domain 26
  • Article   18.16 Cooperation In the Area of Traditional Knowledge 26
  • Article   18.17 Cooperation on Request Cooperation 26
  • Section   C Trademarks 26
  • Article   18.18 Types of Signs Registrable as Trademarks 26
  • Article   18.19 Collective and Certification Marks 26
  • Article   18.20 Use of Identical or Similar Signs 26
  • Article   18.21 Exceptions 26
  • Article   18.22 Well-Known Trademarks 26
  • Article   18.23 Procedural Aspects of Examination, Opposition and Cancellation 26
  • Article   18.24 Electronic Trademarks System Each Party Shall Provide: 27
  • Article   18.25 Classification of Goods and Services 27
  • Article   18.26 Term of Protection for Trademarks 27
  • Article   18.27 Non-Recordal of a Licence 27
  • Article   18.28 Domain Names 27
  • Section   D Country Names 27
  • Article   18.29 Country Names 27
  • Section   E Geographical Indications 27
  • Article   18.30 Recognition of Geographical Indications 27
  • Article   18.31 Administrative Procedures for the Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications 27
  • Article   18.32 Grounds of Opposition and Cancellation  (20) 27
  • Article   18.33 Guidelines for Determining Whether a Term Is the Term Customary In the Common Language 27
  • Article   18.34 Multi-Component Terms 27
  • Article   18.35 Date of Protection of a Geographical Indication 27
  • Article   18.36 International Agreements 27
  • Section   F Patents and Undisclosed Test or other Data 27
  • Subsection   A General Patents 27
  • Article   18.37 Patentable Subject Matter 27
  • Article   18.38 Grace Period 27
  • Article   18.39 Patent Revocation 27
  • Article   18.40 Exceptions 27
  • Article   18.41 Other Use without Authorisation of the Right Holder 27
  • Article   18.42 Patent Filing 27
  • Article   18.43 Amendments, Corrections and Observations 27
  • Article   18.44 Publication of Patent Applications 27
  • Article   18.45 Information Relating to Published Patent Applications and Granted Patents 27
  • Article   18.46 Patent Term Adjustment for Unreasonable Granting Authority Delays 27
  • Subsection   B Measures Relating to Agricultural Chemical Products 27
  • Article   18.47 Protection of Undisclosed Test or other Data for Agricultural Chemical Products 27
  • Subsection   C Measures Relating to Pharmaceutical Products 27
  • Article   18.48 Patent Term Adjustment for Unreasonable Curtailment 27
  • Article   18.49 Regulatory Review Exception 28
  • Article   18.50 Protection of Undisclosed Test or other Data  (50) 28
  • Article   18.51 Biologics (58) 28
  • Article   18.52 Definition of New Pharmaceutical Product 28
  • Article   18.53 Measures Relating to the Marketing of Certain Pharmaceutical Products 28
  • Article   18.54 Alteration of Period of Protection 28
  • Section   G Industrial Designs 28
  • Article   18.55 Protection 28
  • Article   18.56 Improving Industrial Design Systems 28
  • Section   H Copyright and Related Rights 28
  • Article   18.57 Definitions 28
  • Article   18.58 Right of Reproduction 28
  • Article   18.59 Right of Communication to the Public 28
  • Article   18.60 Right of Distribution 28
  • Article   18.61 No Hierarchy 28
  • Article   18.62 Related Rights 28
  • Article   18.63 Term of Protection for Copyright and Related Rights 28
  • Article   18.64 Application of Article 18 of the Berne Convention and Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement 28
  • Article   18.65 Limitations and Exceptions 28
  • Article   18.66 Balance In Copyright and Related Rights Systems 28
  • Article   18.67 Contractual Transfers 28
  • Article   18.68 Technological Protection Measures (TPMs)  (82) 28
  • Article   18.69 Rights Management Information (RMI)  (96) 29
  • Article   18.70 Collective Management 29
  • Section   I Enforcement 29
  • Article   18.71 General Obligations 29
  • Article   18.72 Presumptions 29
  • Article   18.73 Enforcement Practices with Respect to Intellectual Property Rights 29
  • Article   18.74 Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies 29
  • Article   18.75 Provisional Measures 29
  • Article   18.76 Special Requirements Related to Border Measures 29
  • Article   18.77 Criminal Procedures and Penalties 29
  • Article   18.78 Trade Secrets (136) 30
  • Article   18.79 Protection of Encrypted Program-Carrying Satellite and Cable Signals 30
  • Article   18.80 Government Use of Software 30
  • Section   J Internet Service Providersœ  (148) 30
  • Article   18.81 Definitions 30
  • Article   18.82 Legal Remedies and Safe Harbours (149) 30
  • Section   K Final Provisions 30
  • Article   18.83 Final Provisions 30
  • Chapter   19 LABOUR 31
  • Article   19.1 Definitions 31
  • Article   19.2 Statement of Shared Commitment 31
  • Article   19.3 Labour Rights 31
  • Article   19.4 Non Derogation 31
  • Article   19.5 Enforcement of Labour Laws 31
  • Article   19.6 Forced or Compulsory Labour 31
  • Article   19.7 Corporate Social Responsibility 31
  • Article   19.8 Public Awareness and Procedural Guarantees 31
  • Article   19.9 Public Submissions 31
  • Article   19.10 Cooperation 31
  • Article   19.11 Cooperative Labour Dialogue 31
  • Article   19.12 Labour Council 31
  • Article   19.13 Contact Points 32
  • Article   19.14 Public Engagement 32
  • Article   19.15 Labour Consultations 32
  • Chapter   20 ENVIRONMENT 32
  • Article   20.1 Definitions 32
  • Article   20.2 Objectives 32
  • Article   20.3 General Commitments 32
  • Article   20.4 Multilateral Environmental Agreements 32
  • Article   20.5 Protection of the Ozone Layer 32
  • Article   20.6 Protection of the Marine Environment from Ship Pollution 32
  • Article   20.7 Procedural Matters 32
  • Article   20.8 Opportunities for Public Participation 32
  • Article   20.9 Public Submissions 32
  • Article   20.10 Corporate Social Responsibility 32
  • Article   20.11 Voluntary Mechanisms to Enhance Environmental Performance 32
  • Article   20.12 Cooperation Frameworks 32
  • Article   20.13 Trade and Biodiversity 33
  • Article   20.14 Invasive Alien Species 33
  • Article   20.15 Transition to a Low Emissions and Resilient Economy 33
  • Article   20.16 Marine Capture Fisheries (10) 33
  • Article   20.17 Conservation and Trade 33
  • Article   20.18 Environmental Goods and Services 33
  • Article   20.19 Environment Committee and Contact Points 33
  • Article   20.20 Environment Consultations 33
  • Article   20.21 Senior Representative Consultations 33
  • Article   20.22 Ministerial Consultations 33
  • Article   20.23 Dispute Resolution 33
  • ANNEX 20-A  33
  • ANNEX 20-B  33
  • Chapter   21 COOPERATION AND CAPACITY BUILDING 34
  • Article   21.1 General Provisions 34
  • Article   21.2 Areas of Cooperation and Capacity Building 34
  • Article   21.3 Contact Points for Cooperation and Capacity Building 34
  • Article   21.4 Committee on Cooperation and Capacity Building 34
  • Article   21.5 Resources 34
  • Article   21.6 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 34
  • Chapter   22 COMPETITIVENESS AND BUSINESS FACILITATION 34
  • Article   22.1 Definitions 34
  • Article   22.2 Committee on Competitiveness and Business Facilitation 34
  • Article   22.3 Supply Chains 34
  • Article   22.4 Engagement with Interested Persons 34
  • Article   22.5 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 34
  • Chapter   23 DEVELOPMENT 34
  • Article   23.1 General Provisions 34
  • Article   23.2 Promotion of Development 34
  • Article   23.3 Broad-Based Economic Growth 34
  • Article   23.4 Women and Economic Growth 34
  • Article   23.5 Education, Science and Technology, Research and Innovation 34
  • Article   23.6 Joint Development Activities 34
  • Article   23.7 Committee on Development 34
  • Article   23.8 Relation to other Chapters 34
  • Article   23.9 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 34
  • Chapter   24 SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES 34
  • Article   24.1 Information Sharing 34
  • Article   24.2 Committee on SMEs 34
  • Article   24.3 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 35
  • Chapter   25 REGULATORY COHERENCE 35
  • Article   25.1 Definitions 35
  • Article   25.2 General Provisions 35
  • Article   25.3 Scope of Covered Regulatory Measures 35
  • Article   25.4 Coordination and Review Processes or Mechanisms 35
  • Article   25.5 Implementation of Core Good Regulatory Practices 35
  • Article   25.6 Committee on Regulatory Coherence 35
  • Article   25.7 Cooperation 35
  • Article   25.8 Engagement with Interested Persons 35
  • Article   25.9 Notification of Implementation 35
  • Article   25.10 Relation to other Chapters 35
  • Article   25.11 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 35
  • Chapter   26 TRANSPARENCY AND ANTI-CORRUPTION 35
  • Section   A Definitions 35
  • Article   26.1 Definitions 35
  • Section   B Transparency 35
  • Article   26.2 Publication 35
  • Article   26.3 Administrative Proceedings 35
  • Article   26.4 Review and Appeal  (3) 35
  • Article   26.5 Provision of Information 35
  • Section   C Anti-Corruption 35
  • Article   26.6 Scope 35
  • Article   26.7 Measures to Combat Corruption 35
  • Article   26.8 Promoting Integrity Among Public Officials 36
  • Article   26.9 Application and Enforcement of Anti-Corruption Laws 36
  • Article   26.10 Participation of Private Sector and Society 36
  • Article   26.11 Relation to other Agreements 36
  • Article   26.12 Dispute Settlement 36
  • Chapter   27 ADMINISTRATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS 36
  • Article   27.1 Establishment of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Commission 36
  • Article   27.2 Functions of the Commission 36
  • Article   27.3 Decision-Making 36
  • Article   27.4 Rules of Procedure of the Commission 36
  • Article   27.5 Contact Points 36
  • Article   27.6 Administration of Dispute Settlement Proceedings 36
  • Article   27.7 Reporting In Relation to Party-specific Transition Periods 36
  • Chapter   28 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 36
  • Section   A Dispute Settlement 36
  • Article   28.1 Definitions 36
  • Article   28.2 Cooperation 36
  • Article   28.3 Scope 36
  • Article   28.4 Choice of Forum 36
  • Article   28.5 Consultations 36
  • Article   28.6 Good Offices, Conciliation and Mediation 36
  • Article   28.7 Establishment of a Panel 36
  • Article   28.8 Terms of Reference 37
  • Article   28.9 Composition of Panels 37
  • Article   28.10 Qualifications of Panellists 37
  • Article   28.11 Roster of Panel Chairs and Party Specific Lists Roster of Panel Chairs 37
  • Article   28.12 Function of Panels 37
  • Article   28.13 Rules of Procedure for Panels 37
  • Article   28.14 Third Party Participation 37
  • Article   28.15 Role of Experts 37
  • Article   28.16 Suspension or Termination of Proceedings 37
  • Article   28.17 Initial Report 37
  • Article   28.18 Final Report 37
  • Article   28.19 Implementation of Final Report 37
  • Article   28.20 Non-Implementation - Compensation and Suspension of Benefits 37
  • Article   28.21 Compliance Review 37
  • Section   B Domestic Proceedings and Private Commercial Dispute Settlement 38
  • Article   28.22 Private Rights 38
  • Article   28.23 Alternative Dispute Resolution 38
  • Chapter   29 EXCEPTIONS AND GENERAL PROVISIONS 38
  • Section   A Exceptions 38
  • Article   29.1 General Exceptions 38
  • Article   29.2 Security Exceptions 38
  • Article   29.3 Temporary Safeguard Measures 38
  • Article   29.4 Taxation Measures 38
  • Article   29.5 Tobacco Control Measures  (11) 38
  • Article   29.6 Treaty of Waitangi 38
  • Section   B General Provisions 38
  • Article   29.7 Disclosure of Information 38
  • Article   29.8 Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions 38
  • Chapter   30 FINAL PROVISIONS 38
  • Article   30.1 Annexes, Appendices and Footnotes 38
  • Article   30.2 Amendments 38
  • Article   30.3 Amendment of the WTO Agreement 38
  • Article   30.4 Accession 38
  • Article   305 Entry Into Force 38
  • Article   30.6 Withdrawal 38
  • Article   30.7 Depositary 38
  • Article   308 Authentic Texts 38
  • ANNEX I 39
  • SCHEDULE OF AUSTRALIA 39
  • SCHEDULE OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 39
  • APPENDIX I-A  Work Categories 41
  • SCHEDULE OF CANADA INTRODUCTORY 41
  • APPENDIX I-A  Illustrative List of Canada’s Regional Non-conforming Measures  (1) 43
  • SCHEDULE OF CHILE 43
  • SCHEDULE OF JAPAN 44
  • SCHEDULE OF MALAYSIA 48
  • SCHEDULE OF MEXICO 50
  • SCHEDULE OF NEW ZEALAND 52
  • SCHEDULE OF PERU 53
  • SCHEDULE OF SINGAPORE 55
  • APPENDIX I-A  Illustrative list of U.S. regional non-conforming measures  (3) 57
  • APPENDIX I-A  Illustrative list of U.S. regional non-conforming measures  (4) 57
  • SCHEDULE OF VIET NAM 57
  • ANNEX II  EXPLANATORY NOTES 59
  • SCHEDULE OF AUSTRALIA 59
  • APPENDIX A  Australia 60
  • SCHEDULE OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 60
  • SCHEDULE OF CANADA 61
  • APPENDIX II  Canada 62
  • SCHEDULE OF CHILE 62
  • SCHEDULE OF JAPAN 64
  • SCHEDULE OF MALAYSIA 64
  • SCHEDULE OF MEXICO 65
  • SCHEDULE OF NEW ZEALAND 66
  • APPENDIX A  New Zealand 67
  • SCHEDULE OF PERU 68
  • SCHEDULE OF SINGAPORE 69
  • SCHEDULE OF THE UNITED STATES 71
  • APPENDIX II-A  United States 72
  • SCHEDULE OF VIET NAM 72
  • APPENDIX II-A  Viet Nam 74