Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) (2016)
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4. With the objective of avoiding unreasonable curtailment of the effective patent term, a Party may adopt or maintain procedures that expedite the processing of marketing approval applications.

(44) For the purposes of this Article, a Party may treat "contain" as meaning utilise. For greater certainty, for the purposes of this Article, a Party may treat "utilise" as requiring the new chemical entity to be primarily responsible for the product's intended effect.
(45) A Party may comply with the obligations of this paragraph with respect to a pharmaceutical product or, alternatively, with respect to a pharmaceutical substance.
(46) For greater certainty, a Party may alternatively make available a period of additional sui generis protection to compensate for unreasonable curtailment of the effective patent term as a result of the marketing approval process. The sui generis protection shall confer the rights conferred by the patent, subject to any conditions and limitations pursuant to paragraph 3.
(47) Notwithstanding Article 18.10 (Application of Chapter to Existing Subject Matter and Prior Acts), this Article shall apply to all applications for marketing approval filed after the date of entry into force of this Article for that Party.
(48) Annex 18-D applies to this paragraph.

Article 18.49. Regulatory Review Exception

Without prejudice to the scope of, and consistent with, Article 18.40 (Exceptions), each Party shall adopt or maintain a regulatory review exception (49) for pharmaceutical products.

(49) For greater certainty, consistent with Article 18.40 (Exceptions), nothing prevents a Party from providing that regulatory review exceptions apply for purposes of regulatory reviews in that Party, in another country or both.

Article 18.50. Protection of Undisclosed Test or other Data  (50)

1. (a) If a Party requires, as a condition for granting marketing approval for a new pharmaceutical product, the submission of undisclosed test or other data concerning the safety and efficacy of the product, (51) that Party shall not permit third persons, without the consent of the person that previously submitted such information, to market the same or a similar (52) product on the basis of:

(i) that information; or

(ii) the marketing approval granted to the person that submitted such information,

for at least five years (53) from the date of marketing approval of the new pharmaceutical product in the territory of the Party.

(b) If a Party permits, as a condition of granting marketing approval for a new pharmaceutical product, the submission of evidence of prior marketing approval of the product in another territory, that Party shall not permit third persons, without the consent of a person that previously submitted such information concerning the safety

and efficacy of the product, to market a same or a similar product based on evidence relating to prior marketing approval in the other territory for at least five years from the date of marketing approval of the new pharmaceutical product in the territory of that Party. (54)

2. Each Party shall: (55)

(a) apply paragraph 1, mutatis mutandis, for a period of at least three years with respect to new clinical information submitted as required in support of a marketing approval of a previously approved pharmaceutical product covering a new indication, new formulation or new method of administration; or, alternatively,

(b) apply paragraph 1, mutatis mutandis, for a period of at least five years to new pharmaceutical products that contain (56) a chemical entity that has not been previously approved in that Party. (57) 

3. Notwithstanding paragraphs 1 and 2 and Article 18.51 (Biologics), a Party may take measures to protect public health in accordance with:

(a) the Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health;

(b) any waiver of any provision of the TRIPS Agreement granted by WTO Members in accordance with the WTO Agreement to implement the Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health and that is in force between the Parties; or

(c) any amendment of the TRIPS Agreement to implement the Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health that enters into force with respect to the Parties.

(50) Annex 18-B and Annex 18-C apply to paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article.
(51) Each Party confirms that the obligations of this Article, and Article 18.51 (Biologics) apply to cases in which the Party requires the submission of undisclosed test or other data concerning: (a) only the safety of the product, (b) only the efficacy of the product or (c) both.
(52) For greater certainty, for the purposes of this Section, a pharmaceutical product is "similar" to a previously approved pharmaceutical product if the marketing approval, or, in the alternative, the applicant's request for such approval, of that similar pharmaceutical product is based upon the undisclosed test or other data concerning the safety and efficacy of the previously approved pharmaceutical product, or the prior approval of that previously approved product.
(53) For greater certainty, a Party may limit the period of protection under paragraph 1 to five years, and the period of protection under Article 18.51.1(a) (Biologics) to eight years.
(54) Annex 18-D applies to this subparagraph.
(55) A Party that provides a period of at least eight years of protection pursuant to paragraph 1 is not required to apply paragraph 2.
(56) For the purposes of this Article, a Party may treat "contain" as meaning utilise.
(57) For the purposes of Article 18.50.2(b) (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data), a Party may choose to protect only the undisclosed test or other data concerning the safety and efficacy relating to the chemical entity that has not been previously approved.

Article 18.51. Biologics (58)

1. With regard to protecting new biologics, a Party shall either:

(a) with respect to the first marketing approval in a Party of a new pharmaceutical product that is or contains a biologic, (59) (60) provide effective market protection through the implementation of Article 18.50.1 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data) and Article 18.50.3, mutatis mutandis, for a period of at least eight years from the date of first marketing approval of that product in that Party; or, alternatively,

(b) with respect to the first marketing approval in a Party of a new pharmaceutical product that is or contains a biologic, provide effective market protection:

(i) through the implementation of Article 18.50.1 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data) and Article 18.50.3, mutatis mutandis, for a period of at least five years from the date of first marketing approval of that product in that Party,

(ii) through other measures, and

(iii) recognising that market circumstances also contribute to effective market protection to deliver a comparable outcome in the market.

2. For the purposes of this Section, each Party shall apply this Article to, at a minimum, a product that is, or, alternatively, contains, a protein produced using biotechnology processes, for use in human beings for the prevention, treatment, or cure of a disease or condition.

3. Recognising that international and domestic regulation of new pharmaceutical products that are or contain a biologic is in a formative stage and that market circumstances may evolve over time, the Parties shall consult after 10 years from the date of entry into force of this Agreement, or as otherwise decided by the Commission, to review the period of exclusivity provided in paragraph 1 and the scope of application provided in paragraph 2, with a view to providing effective incentives for the development of new pharmaceutical products that are or contain a biologic, as well as with a view to facilitating the timely availability of follow-on biosimilars, and to ensuring that the scope of application remains consistent with international developments regarding approval of additional categories of new pharmaceutical products that are or contain a biologic.

(58) Annex 18-B, Annex 18-C and Annex 18-D apply to this Article.
(59) Nothing requires a Party to extend the protection of this paragraph to: (a) any second or subsequent marketing approval of such a pharmaceutical product; or (b) a pharmaceutical product that is or contains a previously approved biologic.
(60) Each Party may provide that an applicant may request approval of a pharmaceutical product that is or contains a biologic under the procedures set forth in Article 18.50.1(a) (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data) and Article 18.50.1(b) within five years of the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party, provided that other pharmaceutical products in the same class of products have been approved by that Party under the procedures set forth in Article 18.50.1(a) and Article 18.50.1(b) before the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party.

Article 18.52. Definition of New Pharmaceutical Product

For the purposes of Article 18.50.1 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data), a new pharmaceutical product means a pharmaceutical product that does not contain (61) a chemical entity that has been previously approved in that Party.

Article 18.53. Measures Relating to the Marketing of Certain Pharmaceutical Products

1. If a Party permits, as a condition of approving the marketing of a pharmaceutical product, persons, other than the person originally submitting the safety and efficacy information, to rely on evidence or information concerning the safety and efficacy of a product that was previously approved, such as evidence of prior marketing approval by the Party or in another territory, that Party shall provide:

(a) a system to provide notice to a patent holder (62) or to allow for a patent holder to be notified prior to the marketing of such a pharmaceutical product, that such other person is seeking to market that product during the term of an applicable patent claiming the approved product or its approved method of use;

(b) adequate time and opportunity for such a patent holder to seek, prior to the marketing (63) of an allegedly infringing product, available remedies in subparagraph (c); and

(c) procedures, such as judicial or administrative proceedings, and expeditious remedies, such as preliminary injunctions or equivalent effective provisional measures, for the timely resolution of disputes concerning the validity or infringement of an applicable patent claiming an approved pharmaceutical product or its approved method of use.

2. As an alternative to paragraph 1, a Party shall instead adopt or maintain a system other than judicial proceedings that precludes, based upon patent-related information submitted to the marketing approval authority by a patent holder or the applicant for marketing approval, or based on direct coordination between the marketing approval authority and the patent office, the issuance of marketing approval to any third person seeking to market a pharmaceutical product subject to a patent claiming that product, unless by consent or acquiescence of the patent holder.

(61) For the purposes of this Article, a Party may treat "contain" as meaning utilise.
(62) For greater certainty, for the purposes of this Article, a Party may provide that a "patent holder" includes a patent licensee or the authorised holder of marketing approval.
(63) For the purposes of paragraph 1(b), a Party may treat "marketing" as commencing at the time of listing for purposes of the reimbursement of pharmaceutical products pursuant to a national

Article 18.54. Alteration of Period of Protection

Subject to Article 18.50.3 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data), if a product is subject to a system of marketing approval in the territory of a Party pursuant to Article 18.47 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data for Agricultural Chemical Products), Article 18.50 or Article 18.51 (Biologics) and is also covered by a patent in the territory of that Party, the Party shall not alter the period of protection that it provides pursuant to Article 18.47, Article 18.50 or Article 18.51 in the event that the patent protection terminates on a date earlier than the end of the period of protection specified in Article 18.47, Article 18.50 or Article 18.51.

Section G. Industrial Designs

Article 18.55. Protection

1. Each Party shall ensure adequate and effective protection of industrial designs and also confirms that protection for industrial designs is available for designs:

(a) embodied in a part of an article; or, alternatively,

(b) shaving a particular regard, where appropriate, to a part of an article in the context of the article as a whole. healthcare programme operated by a Party and inscribed in the Appendix to Annex 26-A (Transparency and Procedural Fairness for Pharmaceutical Products and Medical Devices).

2. This Article is subject to Articles 25 and 26 of the TRIPS Agreement.

Article 18.56. Improving Industrial Design Systems

The Parties recognise the importance of improving the quality and efficiency of their respective industrial design registration systems, as well as facilitating the process of cross-border acquisition of rights in their respective industrial design systems, including giving due consideration to ratifying or acceding to the Geneva Act of the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Industrial Designs, done at Geneva, July 2, 1999.

Section H. Copyright and Related Rights

Article 18.57. Definitions

For the purposes of Article 18.58 (Right of Reproduction) and Article 18.60 (Right of Distribution) through Article 18.70 (Collective Management), the following definitions apply with respect to performers and producers of phonograms:

broadcasting means the transmission by wireless means for public reception of sounds or of images and sounds or of the representations thereof; such transmission by satellite is also "broadcasting"; transmission of encrypted signals is "broadcasting" if the means for decrypting are provided to the public by the broadcasting organisation or with its consent;

communication to the public of a performance or a phonogram means the transmission to the public by any medium, other than by broadcasting, of sounds of a performance or the sounds or the representations of sounds fixed in a phonogram;

fixation means the embodiment of sounds, or of the representations thereof, from which they can be perceived, reproduced, or communicated through a device;

performers means actors, singers, musicians, dancers, and other persons who act, sing, deliver, declaim, play in, interpret, or otherwise perform literary or artistic works or expressions of folklore;

phonogram means the fixation of the sounds of a performance or of other sounds,

or of a representation of sounds, other than in the form of a fixation incorporated in a cinematographic or other audio-visual work;

producer of a phonogram means a person that takes the initiative and has the responsibility for the first fixation of the sounds of a performance or other sounds, or the representations of sounds; and

publication of a performance or phonogram means the offering of copies of the performance or the phonogram to the public, with the consent of the right holder, and provided that copies are offered to the public in reasonable quantity.

Article 18.58. Right of Reproduction

Each Party shall provide (64) to authors, performers and producers of phonograms (65) the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit all reproduction of their works, performances or phonograms in any manner or form, including in electronic form.

(64) For greater certainty, the Parties understand that it is a matter for each Party's law to prescribe that works, performances or phonograms in general or any specified categories of works, performances and phonograms are not protected by copyright or related rights unless the work, performance or phonogram has been fixed in some material form.
(65) References to "authors, performers, and producers of phonograms" refer also to any of their successors in interest.

Article 18.59. Right of Communication to the Public

Without prejudice to Article 11(1)(ii), Article 11bis(1)(i) and (ii), Article 11ter(1)(ii), Article 14(1)(ii), and Article 14bis(1) of the Berne Convention, each Party shall provide to authors the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit the communication to the public of their works, by wire or wireless means, including the making available to the public of their works in such a way that members of the public may access these works from a place and at a time individually chosen by them. (66)

(66) The Parties understand that the mere provision of physical facilities for enabling or making a communication does not in itself amount to communication within the meaning of this Chapter or the Berne Convention. The Parties further understand that nothing in this Article precludes a Party from applying Article 11bis(2) of the Berne Convention.

Article 18.60. Right of Distribution

Each Party shall provide to authors, performers and producers of phonograms the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit the making available to the public of the original and copies (67) of their works, performances and phonograms through sale or other transfer of ownership.

(67) The expressions "copies" and "original and copies", that are subject to the right of distribution in this Article, refer exclusively to fixed copies that can be put into circulation as tangible objects.

Article 18.61. No Hierarchy

Each Party shall provide that in cases in which authorisation is needed from both the author of a work embodied in a phonogram and a performer or producer that owns rights in the phonogram:

(a) the need for the authorisation of the author does not cease to exist because the authorisation of the performer or producer is also tequired; and

(b) the need for the authorisation of the performer or producer does not cease to exist because the authorisation of the author is also required.

Article 18.62. Related Rights

1. Each Party shall accord the rights provided for in this Chapter with respect to performers and producers of phonograms: to the performers and producers of phonograms that are nationals (68) of another Party; and to performances or phonograms first published or first fixed (69) in the territory of another Party (70). A performance or phonogram shall be considered first published in the territory of a Party if it is published in the territory of that Party within 30 days of its original publication.

2. Each Party shall provide to performers the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit:

(a) the broadcasting and communication to the public of their unfixed performances, unless the performance is already a broadcast performance; and

(b) the fixation of their unfixed performances.

3. (a) Each Party shall provide to performers and producers of phonograms the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit the broadcasting or any communication to the public of their performances or phonograms, by wire or wireless means, (71) (72) and the making available to the public of those performances or phonograms in such a way that members of the public may access them from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

(b) Notwithstanding subparagraph (a) and Article 18.65 (Limitations and Exceptions), the application of the right referred to in subparagraph (a) to analog transmissions and non-interactive free over-the-air broadcasts, and exceptions or limitations to this right for those activities, is a matter of each Party's law. (73)

(68) For the purposes of determining criteria for eligibility under this Article, with respect to performers, a Party may treat "nationals" as those who would meet the criteria for eligibility under Article 3 of the WPPT.
(69) For the purposes of this Article, fixation means the finalisation of the master tape or its equivalent.
(70) For greater certainty, in this paragraph with respect to performances or phonograms first published or first fixed in the territory of a Party, a Party may apply the criterion of publication, or alternatively, the criterion of fixation, or both. For greater certainty, consistent with Article 18.8 (National Treatment), each Party shall accord to performances and phonograms first published or first fixed in the territory of another Party treatment no less favourable than it accords to performances or phonograms first published or first fixed in its own territory.

Article 18.63. Term of Protection for Copyright and Related Rights

Each Party shall provide that in cases in which the term of protection of a work, performance or phonogram is to be calculated: (74)

(a) on the basis of the life of a natural person, the term shall be not less than the life of the author and 70 years after the author's death; (75) and

(b) on a basis other than the life of a natural person, the term shall be:

(i) not less than 70 years from the end of the calendar year of the first authorised publication (76) of the work, performance or phonogram; or

(ii) failing such authorised publication within 25 years from the creation of the work, performance or phonogram, not less than 70 years from the end of the calendar year of the creation of the work, performance or phonogram. (77)

(71) With respect to broadcasting and communication to the public, a Party may satisfy the obligation by applying Article 15(1) and Article 15(4) of the WPPT and may also apply Article 15(2) of the WPPT, provided that it is done in a manner consistent with that Party's obligations under Article 18.8 (National Treatment).
(72) For greater certainty, the obligation under this paragraph does not include broadcasting or communication to the public, by wire or wireless means, of the sounds or representations of sounds fixed in a phonogram that are incorporated in a cinematographic or other audio-visual work.
(73) For the purposes of this subparagraph the Parties understand that a Party may provide for the retransmission of non-interactive, free over-the-air broadcasts, provided that these retransmissions are lawfully permitted by that Party's government communications authority; any entity engaging in these retransmissions complies with the relevant rules, orders or regulations of that authority; and these retransmissions do not include those delivered and accessed over the Internet. For greater certainty this footnote does not limit a Party's ability to avail itself of this subparagraph.
(74) For greater certainty, in implementing this Article, nothing prevents a Party from promoting certainty for the legitimate use and exploitation of a work, performance or phonogram during its term of protection, consistent with Article 18.65 (Limitations and Exceptions) and that Party's international obligations.
(75) The Parties understand that if a Party provides its nationals a term of copyright protection that exceeds life of the author plus 70 years, nothing in this Article or Article 18.8 (National Treatment) shall preclude that Party from applying Article 7(8) of the Berne Convention with respect to the term in excess of the term provided in this subparagraph of protection for works of another Party.
(76) For greater certainty, for the purposes of subparagraph (b), ifa Party's law provides for the calculation of term from fixation rather than from the first authorised publication, that Party may continue to calculate the term from fixation.
(77) For greater certainty, a Party may calculate a term of protection for an anonymous or pseudonymous work or a work of joint authorship in accordance with Article 7(3) or Article 7 bis of the Berne Convention, provided that the Party implements the corresponding numerical term of protection required under this Article.

Article 18.64. Application of Article 18 of the Berne Convention and Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement

Each Party shall apply Article 18 of the Berne Convention and Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement, mutatis mutandis, to works, performances and phonograms, and the rights in and protections afforded to that subject matter as required by this Section.

Article 18.65. Limitations and Exceptions

1. With respect to this Section, each Party shall confine limitations or exceptions to exclusive rights to certain special cases that do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work, performance or phonogram, and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder.

2. This Article does not reduce or extend the scope of applicability of the limitations and exceptions permitted by the TRIPS Agreement, the Berne Convention, the WCT or the WPPT.

Article 18.66. Balance In Copyright and Related Rights Systems

Each Party shall endeavour to achieve an appropriate balance in its copyright and related rights system, among other things by means of limitations or exceptions that are consistent with Article 18.65 (Limitations and Exceptions), including those for the digital environment, giving due consideration to legitimate purposes such as, but not limited to: criticism; comment; news reporting; teaching, scholarship, research, and other similar purposes; and facilitating access to published works for persons who are blind, visually impaired or otherwise print disabled. (78) (79)

(78) As recognised by the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired, or Otherwise Print Disabled, done at Marrakesh, June 27, 2013 (Marrakesh Treaty). The Parties recognise that some Parties facilitate the availability of works in accessible formats for beneficiaries beyond the requirements of the Marrakesh Treaty.
(79) For greater certainty, a use that has commercial aspects may in appropriate circumstances be considered to have a legitimate purpose under Article 18.65 (Limitations and Exceptions).

Article 18.67. Contractual Transfers

Each Party shall provide that for copyright and related rights, any person acquiring or holding any economic right (80) in a work, performance or phonogram:

(a) may freely and separately transfer that right by contract; and

(b) by virtue of contract, including contracts of employment underlying the creation of works, performances or phonograms, shall be able to exercise that right in that person's own name and enjoy fully the benefits derived from that right. (81)

(80) For greater certainty, this provision does not affect the exercise of moral rights.
(81) Nothing in this Article affects a Party's ability to establish: (i) which specific contracts underlying the creation of works, performances or phonograms shall, in the absence of a written agreement, result in a transfer of economic rights by operation of law; and (ii) reasonable limits to protect the interests of the original right holders, taking into account the legitimate interests of the transferees.

Article 18.68. Technological Protection Measures (TPMs)  (82)

1. In order to provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against the circumvention of effective technological measures that authors, performers, and producers of phonograms use in connection with the exercise of their rights and that restrict unauthorised acts in respect of their works, performances, and phonograms, each Party shall provide that any person that:

(a) knowingly, or having reasonable grounds to know, (83) circumvents without authority any effective technological measure that controls access to a protected work, performance, or phonogram; (84) or

(b) manufactures, imports, distributes, (85) offers for sale or rental to the public, or otherwise provides devices, products, or components, or offers to the public or provides services, that:

(i) are promoted, advertised, or otherwise marketed by that person (86) for the purpose of circumventing any effective technological measure;

(ii) have only a limited commercially significant purpose or use other than to circumvent any effective technological measure; (87) or

(iii) are primarily designed, produced, or performed for the purpose of circumventing any effective technological measure,

is liable and subject to the remedies provided for in Article 18.74 (Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies).

Each Party shall provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied if any person is found to have engaged wilfully (88) and for the purposes of commercial advantage or financial gain (89) in any of the above activities. (90)

(82) Nothing in this Agreement requires a Party to restrict the importation or domestic sale of a device that does not render effective a technological measure the only purpose of which is to contro] market segmentation for legitimate physical copies of a cinematographic film, and is not otherwise a violation of its law.
(83) For the purposes of this subparagraph, a Party may provide that reasonable grounds to know may be demonstrated through reasonable evidence, taking into account the facts and circumstances surrounding the alleged illegal act.
(84) For greater certainty, no Party is required to impose civil or criminal liability under this subparagraph for a person that circumvents any effective technological measure that protects any of the exclusive rights of copyright or related rights in a protected work, performance or phonogram, but does not control access to such that work, performance or phonogram.
(85) A Party may provide that the obligations described in this subparagraph with respect to manufacturing, importation, and distribution apply only in cases in which those activities are undertaken for sale or rental, or if those activities prejudice the interests of the right holder of the copyright or related right.
(86) The Parties understand that this provision still applies in cases in which the person promotes, advertises, or markets through the services of a third person.
(87) A Party may comply with this paragraph if the conduct referred to in this subparagraph does not have a commercially significant purpose or use other than to circumvent an effective technological measure.
(88) For greater certainty, for purposes of this Article and Article 18.69 (RMI), wilfulness contains a knowledge element.
(89) For greater certainty, for purposes of this Article, Article 18.69 (RMI) and Article 18.77 (Criminal Procedures and Penalties), the Parties understand that a Party may treat "financial gain" as "commercial purposes".
  • Chapter   1 INITIAL PROVISIONS AND GENERAL DEFINITIONS 1
  • Section   A Initial Provisions 1
  • Article   1.1 Establishment of a Free Trade Area 1
  • Article   1.2 Relation to other Agreements 1
  • Section   B General Definitions 1
  • Article   1.3 General Definitions 1
  • ANNEX 1-A  PARTY-SPECIFIC DEFINITIONS 1
  • Chapter   2 NATIONAL TREATMENT AND MARKET ACCESS FOR GOODS 2
  • Section   A Definitions and Scope 2
  • Article   2.1 Definitions 2
  • Article   2.2 Scope 2
  • Section   B National Treatment and Market Access for Goods 2
  • Article   2.3 National Treatment 2
  • Article   2.4 Elimination of Customs Duties 2
  • Article   2.5 Waiver of Customs Duties 2
  • Article   2.6 Goods Re-entered after Repair and Alteration 2
  • Article   2.7 Duty-Free Entry of Commercial Samples of Negligible Value and Printed Advertising Material 2
  • Article   2.8 Temporary Admission of Goods 2
  • Article   2.9 Ad Hoc Discussions 2
  • Article   2.10 Import and Export Restrictions 2
  • Article   2.11 Remanufactured Goods 2
  • Article   2.12 Import Licensing 2
  • Article   2.13 Transparency In Export Licensing Procedures  (7) 3
  • Article   2.14 Administrative Fees and Formalities 3
  • Article   2.15 Export Duties, Taxes or other Charges 3
  • Article   2.16 Publication 3
  • Article   2.17 Trade In Information Technology Products 3
  • Article   2.18 Committee on Trade In Goods 3
  • Section   C Agriculture 3
  • Article   2.19 Definitions 3
  • Article   2.20 Scope 3
  • Article   2.21 Agricultural Export Subsidies 3
  • Article   2.22 Export Credits, Export Credit Guarantees or Insurance Programmes 3
  • Article   2.23 Agricultural Export State Trading Enterprises 3
  • Article   2.24 Export Restrictions - Food Security 3
  • Article   2.25 Committee on Agricultural Trade 3
  • Article   2.26 Agricultural Safeguards 3
  • Article   2.27 Trade of Products of Modern Biotechnology 3
  • Section   D Tariff-Rate Quota Administration 4
  • Article   2.28 Scope and General Provisions 4
  • Article   2.29 Administration and Eligibility 4
  • Article   2.30 Allocation  (18) 4
  • Article   2.31 Return and Reallocation of TRQs 4
  • Article   2.32 Transparency 4
  • Chapter   3 RULES OF ORIGIN AND ORIGIN PROCEDURES 4
  • Section   A Rules of Origin 4
  • Article   3.1 Definitions 4
  • Article   3.2 Originating Goods 4
  • Article   3.3 Wholly Obtained or Produced Goods 4
  • Article   3.4 Treatment of Recovered Materials Used In Production of a Remanufactured Good 4
  • Article   3.5 Regional Value Content 4
  • Article   3.6 Materials Used In Production 4
  • Article   3.7 Value of Materials Used In Production 4
  • Article   3.8 Further Adjustments to the Value of Materials 4
  • Article   3.9 Net Cost 4
  • Article   3.10 Accumulation 5
  • Article   3.11 De Minimis 5
  • Article   3.12 Fungible Goods or Materials 5
  • Article   3.13 Accessories, Spare Parts, Tools and Instructional or other Information Materials 5
  • Article   3.14 Packaging Materials and Containers for Retail Sale 5
  • Article   3.15 Packing Materials and Containers for Shipment 5
  • Article   3.16 Indirect Materials 5
  • Article   3.17 Sets of Goods 5
  • Article   3.18 Transit and Transhipment 5
  • Section   B Origin Procedures 5
  • Article   3.19 Application of Origin Procedures 5
  • Article   3.20 Claims for Preferential Treatment 5
  • Article   3.21 Basis of a Certification of Origin 5
  • Article   3.22 Discrepancies 5
  • Article   3.23 Waiver of Certification of Origin 5
  • Article   3.24 Obligations Relating to Importation 5
  • Article   3.25 Obligations Relating to Exportation 5
  • Article   3.26 Record Keeping Requirements 5
  • Article   3.27 Verification of Origin 5
  • Article   3.28 Determinations on Claims for Preferential Tariff Treatment 6
  • Article   3.29 Refunds and Claims for Preferential Tariff Treatment after Importation 6
  • Article   3.30 Penalties 6
  • Article   3.31 Confidentiality 6
  • Section   C Other Matters 6
  • Article   3.32 Committee on Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures 6
  • Chapter   4 TEXTILE AND APPAREL GOODS 6
  • Article   4.1 Definitions 6
  • Article   4.2 Rules of Origin and Related Matters 6
  • Article   4.3 Emergency Actions 6
  • Article   4.4 Cooperation 6
  • Article   4.5 Monitoring 6
  • Article   4.6 Verification 6
  • Article   4.7 Determinations 6
  • Article   4.8 Committee on Textile and Apparel Trade Matters 7
  • Article   4.9 Confidentiality 7
  • Chapter   5 CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION AND TRADE FACILITATION 7
  • Article   5.1 Customs Procedures and Facilitation of Trade 7
  • Article   5.2 Customs Cooperation 7
  • Article   5.3 Advance Rulings 7
  • Article   5.4 Response to Requests for Advice or Information 7
  • Article   5.5 Review and Appeal 7
  • Article   5.6 Automation 7
  • Article   5.7 Express Shipments 7
  • Article   5.8 Penalties 7
  • Article   5.9 Risk Management 7
  • Article   5.10 Release of Goods 7
  • Article   5.11 Publication 7
  • Article   5.12 Confidentiality 7
  • Chapter   6 TRADE REMEDIES 7
  • Section   A Safeguard Measures 7
  • Article   6.1 Definitions 7
  • Article   6.2 Global Safeguards 7
  • Article   6.3 Imposition of a Transitional Safeguard Measure 8
  • Article   6.4 Standards for a Transitional Safeguard Measure 8
  • Article   6.5 Investigation Procedures and Transparency Requirements 8
  • Article   6.6 Notification and Consultation 8
  • Article   6.7 Compensation 8
  • Section   B Antidumping and Countervailing Duties 8
  • Article   6.8 Antidumping and Countervailing Duties 8
  • Chapter   7 SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES 8
  • Article   7.1 Definitions 8
  • Article   7.2 Objectives 8
  • Article   7.3 Scope 8
  • Article   7.4 General Provisions 8
  • Article   7.5 Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 8
  • Article   7.6 Competent Authorities and Contact Points 8
  • Article   7.7 Adaptation to Regional Conditions, Including Pest- or Disease- Free Areas and Areas of Low Pest or Disease Prevalence 8
  • Article   7.8 Equivalence 8
  • Article   7.9 Science and Risk Analysis 8
  • Article   7.10 Audits  (6) 8
  • Article   7.11 Import Checks 8
  • Article   7.12 Certification 9
  • Article   7.13 Transparency  (10) 9
  • Article   7.14 Emergency Measures 9
  • Article   7.15 Cooperation 9
  • Article   7.16 Information Exchange 9
  • Article   7.17 Cooperative Technical Consultations 9
  • Article   7.18 Dispute Settlement 9
  • Chapter   8 TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE 9
  • Article   8.1 Definitions 9
  • Article   8.2 Objective 9
  • Article   8.3 Scope 9
  • Article   8.4 Incorporation of Certain Provisions of the TBT Agreement 9
  • Article   8.5 International Standards, Guides and Recommendations 9
  • Article   8.6 Conformity Assessment 9
  • Article   8.7 Transparency 9
  • Article   8.8 Compliance Period for Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment Procedures 10
  • Article   8.9 Cooperation and Trade Facilitation 10
  • Article   8.10 Information Exchange and Technical Discussions 10
  • Article   8.11 Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade 10
  • Article   8.12 Contact Points 10
  • Article   8.13 Annexes 10
  • ANNEX 8-B  INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS 10
  • Section   A Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Products That Use Cryptography 10
  • Section   B Electromagnetic Compatibility of Information Technology Equipment (ITE) Products 10
  • Section   C Regional Cooperation Activities on Telecommunications Equipment 10
  • Chapter   9 INVESTMENT 10
  • Section   9.1 Definitions 10
  • Article   9.2 Scope 11
  • Article   9.3 Relation to other Chapters 11
  • Article   9.4 National Treatment  (14) 11
  • Article   9.5 Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment 11
  • Article   9.6 Minimum Standard of Treatment  (15) 11
  • Article   9.7 Treatment In Case of Armed Conflict or Civil Strife 11
  • Article   9.8 Expropriation and Compensation  (16) 11
  • Article   9.9 Transfers  (20) 11
  • Article   9.10 Performance Requirements 11
  • Article   9.11 Senior Management and Boards of Directors 11
  • Article   9.12 Non-Conforming Measures 11
  • Article   9.13 Subrogation 12
  • Article   9.14 Special Formalities and Information Requirements 12
  • Article   9.15 Denial of Benefits 12
  • Article   9.16 Investment and Environmental, Health and other Regulatory Objectives 12
  • Article   9.17 Corporate Social Responsibility 12
  • Section   B Investor-State Dispute Settlement 12
  • Article   9.18 Consultation and Negotiation 12
  • Article   9.19 Submission of a Claim to Arbitration 12
  • Article   9.20 Consent of Each Party to Arbitration 12
  • Article   9.21 Conditions and Limitations on Consent of Each Party 12
  • Article   9.22 Selection of Arbitrators 12
  • Article   9.23 Conduct of the Arbitration 12
  • Article   9.24 Transparency of Arbitral Proceedings 12
  • Article   9.25 Governing Law 12
  • Article   9.26 Interpretation of Annexes 12
  • Article   9.27 Expert Reports 12
  • Article   9.28 Consolidation 12
  • Article   9.29 Awards 13
  • Article   9.30 Service of Documents 13
  • ANNEX 9-A  CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 13
  • ANNEX 9-B  EXPROPRIATION 13
  • ANNEX 9-C  EXPROPRIATION RELATING TO LAND 13
  • ANNEX 9-D  SERVICE OF DOCUMENTS ON A PARTY UNDER SECTION B (INVESTOR-STATE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT) 13
  • ANNEX 9-E  TRANSFERS  (40) 13
  • ANNEX 9-F  DL 600. Chile 13
  • ANNEX 9-G  PUBLIC DEBT 13
  • ANNEX 9-H  14
  • ANNEX 9-I  NON-CONFORMING MEASURES RATCHET MECHANISM 14
  • ANNEX 9-J  SUBMISSION OF A CLAIM TO ARBITRATION 14
  • ANNEX 9-K  SUBMISSION OF CERTAIN CLAIMS FOR THREE YEARS AFTER ENTRY INTO FORCE 14
  • ANNEX 9-L  INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS 14
  • Chapter   10 CROSS-BORDER TRADE IN SERVICES 14
  • Article   10.1 Definitions 14
  • Article   10.2 Scope 14
  • Article   10.3 National Treatment  (2) 14
  • Article   10.4 Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment 14
  • Article   10.5 Market Access 14
  • Article   10.6 Local Presence 14
  • Article   10.7 Non-Conforming Measures 14
  • Article   10.8 Domestic Regulation 14
  • Article   10.9 Recognition 15
  • Article   10.10 Denial of Benefits 15
  • Article   10.11 Transparency 15
  • Article   10.12 Payments and Transfers  (9) 15
  • Article   10.13 Other Matters 15
  • ANNEX 10-A   PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 15
  • Chapter   11 FINANCIAL SERVICES 15
  • Article   11.1 Definitions 15
  • Article   11.2 Scope 15
  • Article   11.3 National Treatment  (5) 15
  • Article   11.4 Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment 16
  • Article   11.5 Market Access for Financial Institutions 16
  • Article   11.6 Cross-Border Trade 16
  • Article   11.7 New Financial Services  (7) 16
  • Article   11.8 Treatment of Certain Information 16
  • Article   11.9 Senior Management and Boards of Directors 16
  • Article   11.10 Non-Conforming Measures 16
  • Article   11.11 Exceptions 16
  • Article   11.12 Recognition 16
  • Article   11.13 Transparency and Administration of Certain Measures 16
  • Article   11.14 Self-Regulatory Organisations 16
  • Article   11.15 Payment and Clearing Systems 16
  • Article   11.16 Expedited Availability of Insurance Services 16
  • Article   11.17 Performance of Back-Office Functions 16
  • Article   11.18 Specific Commitments 16
  • Article   11.19 Committee on Financial Services 16
  • Article   11.20 Consultations 16
  • Article   11.21 Dispute Settlement 16
  • Article   11.22 Investment Disputes In Financial Services 16
  • ANNEX 11-A   CROSS-BORDER TRADE 16
  • ANNEX 11-B   SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 17
  • Section   A Portfolio Management 17
  • Section   B Transfer of Information 18
  • Section   C Supply of Insurance by Postal Insurance Entities 18
  • Section   D Electronic Payment Card Services 18
  • Section   E Transparency Considerations 18
  • ANNEX 11-C   NON-CONFORMING MEASURES RATCHET MECHANISM 18
  • ANNEX  11-D   AUTHORITIES RESPONSIBLE FOR FINANCIAL SERVICES 18
  • ANNEX 11-E   18
  • Chapter   12 TEMPORARY ENTRY FOR BUSINESS PERSONS 18
  • Article   12.1 Definitions 18
  • Article   12.2 Scope 19
  • Article   12.3 Application Procedures 19
  • Article   12.4 Grant of Temporary Entry 19
  • Article   12.5 Business Travel 19
  • Article   12.6 Provision of Information 19
  • Article   12.7 Committee on Temporary Entry for Business Persons 19
  • Article   12.8 Cooperation 19
  • Article   12.9 Relation to other Chapters 19
  • Article   12.10 Dispute Settlement 19
  • Chapter   13 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 19
  • Article   13.1 Definitions 19
  • Article   13.2 Scope  19
  • Article   13.3 Approaches to Regulation 19
  • Article   13.4 Access to and Use of Public Telecommunications Services  (3) 19
  • Article   13.5 Obligations Relating to Suppliers of Public Telecommunications Services 19
  • Article   13.6 International Mobile Roaming 19
  • Article   13.7 Treatment by Major Suppliers of Public Telecommunications Services 20
  • Article   13.8 Competitive Safeguards 20
  • Article   13.9 Resale 20
  • Article   13.10 Unbundling of Network Elements by Major Suppliers 20
  • Article   13.11 Interconnection with Major Suppliers General Terms and Conditions 20
  • Article   13.12 Provisioning and Pricing of Leased Circuits Services by Major Suppliers 20
  • Article   13.13 Co-Location by Major Suppliers 20
  • Article   13.14 Access to Poles, Ducts, Conduits and Rights-of-way Owned or Controlled by Major Suppliers  (15) 20
  • Article   13.15 International Submarine Cable Systems  (16) (17) 20
  • Article   13.16 Independent Regulatory Bodies and Government Ownership 20
  • Article   13.17 Universal Service 20
  • Article   13.18 Licensing Process 20
  • Article   13.19 Allocation and Use of Scarce Resources 20
  • Article   13.20 Enforcement 20
  • Article   13.21 Resolution of Telecommunications Disputes 20
  • Article   13.22 Transparency 20
  • Article   13.23 Flexibility In the Choice of Technology 20
  • Article   13.24 Relation to other Chapters 20
  • Article   13.25 Relation to International Organisations 20
  • Article   13.26 Committee on Telecommunications 20
  • Chapter   14 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 20
  • Article   14.1 Definitions 20
  • Article   14.2 Scope and General Provisions 21
  • Article   14.3 Customs Duties 21
  • Article   14.4 Non-Discriminatory Treatment of Digital Products 21
  • Article   14.5 Domestic Electronic Transactions Framework 21
  • Article   14.6 Electronic Authentication and Electronic Signatures 21
  • Article   14.7 Online Consumer Protection 21
  • Article   14.8 Personal Information Protection  (5) 21
  • Article   14.9 Paperless Trading     21
  • Article   14.10 Principles on Access to and Use of the Internet for Electronic Commerce 21
  • Article   14.11 Cross-Border Transfer of Information by Electronic Means 21
  • Article   14.12 Internet Interconnection Charge Sharing 21
  • Article   14.13 Location of Computing Facilities 21
  • Article   14.14 Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Messages  (8) 21
  • Article   14.15 Cooperation 21
  • Article   14.16 Cooperation on Cybersecurity Matters  21
  • Article   14.17 Source Code 21
  • Article   14.18 Dispute Settlement 21
  • Chapter   15 GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT 21
  • Article   15.1 Definitions    21
  • Article   15.2 Scope Application of Chapter 21
  • Article   15.3 Exceptions 22
  • Article   15.4 General Principles 22
  • Article   15.5 Transitional Measures 22
  • Article   15.6 Publication of Procurement Information 22
  • Article   15.7 Notices of Intended Procurement 22
  • Article   15.8 Conditions for Participation 22
  • Article   15.9 Qualification of Suppliers 22
  • Article   15.10 Limited Tendering 22
  • Article   15.11 Negotiations 23
  • Article   15.12 Technical Specifications 23
  • Article   15.13 Tender Documentation 23
  • Article   15.14 Time Periods General 23
  • Article   15.15 Treatment of Tenders and Awarding of Contracts 23
  • Article   15.16 Post-Award Information 23
  • Article   15.17 Disclosure of Information 23
  • Article   15.18 Ensuring Integrity In Procurement Practices 23
  • Article   15.19 Domestic Review 23
  • Article   15.20 Modifications and Rectifications of Annex 23
  • Article   15.21 Facilitation of Participation by SMEs 23
  • Article   15.22 Cooperation 23
  • Article   15.23 Committee on Government Procurement 23
  • Article   15.24 Further Negotiations 24
  • Chapter   16 COMPETITION POLICY 24
  • Article   16.1 Competition Law and Authorities and Anticompetitive Business Conduct  (1) 24
  • Article   16.2 Procedural Fairness In Competition Law Enforcement  (3) 24
  • Article   16.3 Private Rights of Action  (6) 24
  • Article   16.4 Cooperation 24
  • Article   16.5 Technical Cooperation 24
  • Article   16.6 Consumer Protection 24
  • Article   16.7 Transparency 24
  • Article   16.8 Consultations 24
  • Article   16.9 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 24
  • ANNEX 16-A   APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 16.2 (PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS IN COMPETITION LAW ENFORCEMENT), ARTICLE 16.3 (PRIVATE RIGHTS OF ACTION) AND ARTICLE 16.4 (COOPERATION) TO BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 24
  • Chapter   17 STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES AND DESIGNATED MONOPOLIES 24
  • Article   17.1 Definitions 24
  • Article   17.2 Scope  (8) 24
  • Article   17.3 Delegated Authority 25
  • Article   17.4 Non-discriminatory Treatment and Commercial Considerations 25
  • Article   17.5 Courts and Administrative Bodies 25
  • Article   17.6 Non-commercial Assistance 25
  • Article   17.7 Adverse Effects 25
  • Article   17.8 Injury 25
  • Article   17.9 Party-Specific Annexes 25
  • Article   17.10 Transparency (26) (27) 25
  • Article   17.11 Technical Cooperation 25
  • Article   17.12 Committee on State-Owned Enterprises and Designated 25
  • Article   17.13 Exceptions 25
  • Article   17.14 Further Negotiations 26
  • Article   17.15 Process for Developing Information 26
  • Chapter   18 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 26
  • Section   A General Provisions 26
  • Article   18.1 Definitions 26
  • Article   18.2 Objectives 26
  • Article   18.3 Principles 26
  • Article   18.4 Understandings In Respect of this Chapter 26
  • Article   18.5 Nature and Scope of Obligations 26
  • Article   18.6 Understandings Regarding Certain Public Health Measures 26
  • Article   18.7 International Agreements 26
  • Article   18.8 National Treatment 26
  • Article   18.9 Transparency 26
  • Article   18.10 Application of Chapter to Existing Subject Matter and Prior Acts 26
  • Article   18.11 Exhaustion of Intellectual Property Rights 26
  • Section   B Cooperation 26
  • Article   18.12 Contact Points for Cooperation 26
  • Article   18.13 Cooperation Activities and Initiatives 26
  • Article   18.14 Patent Cooperation and Work Sharing 26
  • Article   18.15 Public Domain 26
  • Article   18.16 Cooperation In the Area of Traditional Knowledge 26
  • Article   18.17 Cooperation on Request Cooperation 26
  • Section   C Trademarks 26
  • Article   18.18 Types of Signs Registrable as Trademarks 26
  • Article   18.19 Collective and Certification Marks 26
  • Article   18.20 Use of Identical or Similar Signs 26
  • Article   18.21 Exceptions 26
  • Article   18.22 Well-Known Trademarks 26
  • Article   18.23 Procedural Aspects of Examination, Opposition and Cancellation 26
  • Article   18.24 Electronic Trademarks System Each Party Shall Provide: 27
  • Article   18.25 Classification of Goods and Services 27
  • Article   18.26 Term of Protection for Trademarks 27
  • Article   18.27 Non-Recordal of a Licence 27
  • Article   18.28 Domain Names 27
  • Section   D Country Names 27
  • Article   18.29 Country Names 27
  • Section   E Geographical Indications 27
  • Article   18.30 Recognition of Geographical Indications 27
  • Article   18.31 Administrative Procedures for the Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications 27
  • Article   18.32 Grounds of Opposition and Cancellation  (20) 27
  • Article   18.33 Guidelines for Determining Whether a Term Is the Term Customary In the Common Language 27
  • Article   18.34 Multi-Component Terms 27
  • Article   18.35 Date of Protection of a Geographical Indication 27
  • Article   18.36 International Agreements 27
  • Section   F Patents and Undisclosed Test or other Data 27
  • Subsection   A General Patents 27
  • Article   18.37 Patentable Subject Matter 27
  • Article   18.38 Grace Period 27
  • Article   18.39 Patent Revocation 27
  • Article   18.40 Exceptions 27
  • Article   18.41 Other Use without Authorisation of the Right Holder 27
  • Article   18.42 Patent Filing 27
  • Article   18.43 Amendments, Corrections and Observations 27
  • Article   18.44 Publication of Patent Applications 27
  • Article   18.45 Information Relating to Published Patent Applications and Granted Patents 27
  • Article   18.46 Patent Term Adjustment for Unreasonable Granting Authority Delays 27
  • Subsection   B Measures Relating to Agricultural Chemical Products 27
  • Article   18.47 Protection of Undisclosed Test or other Data for Agricultural Chemical Products 27
  • Subsection   C Measures Relating to Pharmaceutical Products 27
  • Article   18.48 Patent Term Adjustment for Unreasonable Curtailment 27
  • Article   18.49 Regulatory Review Exception 28
  • Article   18.50 Protection of Undisclosed Test or other Data  (50) 28
  • Article   18.51 Biologics (58) 28
  • Article   18.52 Definition of New Pharmaceutical Product 28
  • Article   18.53 Measures Relating to the Marketing of Certain Pharmaceutical Products 28
  • Article   18.54 Alteration of Period of Protection 28
  • Section   G Industrial Designs 28
  • Article   18.55 Protection 28
  • Article   18.56 Improving Industrial Design Systems 28
  • Section   H Copyright and Related Rights 28
  • Article   18.57 Definitions 28
  • Article   18.58 Right of Reproduction 28
  • Article   18.59 Right of Communication to the Public 28
  • Article   18.60 Right of Distribution 28
  • Article   18.61 No Hierarchy 28
  • Article   18.62 Related Rights 28
  • Article   18.63 Term of Protection for Copyright and Related Rights 28
  • Article   18.64 Application of Article 18 of the Berne Convention and Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement 28
  • Article   18.65 Limitations and Exceptions 28
  • Article   18.66 Balance In Copyright and Related Rights Systems 28
  • Article   18.67 Contractual Transfers 28
  • Article   18.68 Technological Protection Measures (TPMs)  (82) 28
  • Article   18.69 Rights Management Information (RMI)  (96) 29
  • Article   18.70 Collective Management 29
  • Section   I Enforcement 29
  • Article   18.71 General Obligations 29
  • Article   18.72 Presumptions 29
  • Article   18.73 Enforcement Practices with Respect to Intellectual Property Rights 29
  • Article   18.74 Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies 29
  • Article   18.75 Provisional Measures 29
  • Article   18.76 Special Requirements Related to Border Measures 29
  • Article   18.77 Criminal Procedures and Penalties 29
  • Article   18.78 Trade Secrets (136) 30
  • Article   18.79 Protection of Encrypted Program-Carrying Satellite and Cable Signals 30
  • Article   18.80 Government Use of Software 30
  • Section   J Internet Service Providersœ  (148) 30
  • Article   18.81 Definitions 30
  • Article   18.82 Legal Remedies and Safe Harbours (149) 30
  • Section   K Final Provisions 30
  • Article   18.83 Final Provisions 30
  • Chapter   19 LABOUR 31
  • Article   19.1 Definitions 31
  • Article   19.2 Statement of Shared Commitment 31
  • Article   19.3 Labour Rights 31
  • Article   19.4 Non Derogation 31
  • Article   19.5 Enforcement of Labour Laws 31
  • Article   19.6 Forced or Compulsory Labour 31
  • Article   19.7 Corporate Social Responsibility 31
  • Article   19.8 Public Awareness and Procedural Guarantees 31
  • Article   19.9 Public Submissions 31
  • Article   19.10 Cooperation 31
  • Article   19.11 Cooperative Labour Dialogue 31
  • Article   19.12 Labour Council 31
  • Article   19.13 Contact Points 32
  • Article   19.14 Public Engagement 32
  • Article   19.15 Labour Consultations 32
  • Chapter   20 ENVIRONMENT 32
  • Article   20.1 Definitions 32
  • Article   20.2 Objectives 32
  • Article   20.3 General Commitments 32
  • Article   20.4 Multilateral Environmental Agreements 32
  • Article   20.5 Protection of the Ozone Layer 32
  • Article   20.6 Protection of the Marine Environment from Ship Pollution 32
  • Article   20.7 Procedural Matters 32
  • Article   20.8 Opportunities for Public Participation 32
  • Article   20.9 Public Submissions 32
  • Article   20.10 Corporate Social Responsibility 32
  • Article   20.11 Voluntary Mechanisms to Enhance Environmental Performance 32
  • Article   20.12 Cooperation Frameworks 32
  • Article   20.13 Trade and Biodiversity 33
  • Article   20.14 Invasive Alien Species 33
  • Article   20.15 Transition to a Low Emissions and Resilient Economy 33
  • Article   20.16 Marine Capture Fisheries (10) 33
  • Article   20.17 Conservation and Trade 33
  • Article   20.18 Environmental Goods and Services 33
  • Article   20.19 Environment Committee and Contact Points 33
  • Article   20.20 Environment Consultations 33
  • Article   20.21 Senior Representative Consultations 33
  • Article   20.22 Ministerial Consultations 33
  • Article   20.23 Dispute Resolution 33
  • ANNEX 20-A  33
  • ANNEX 20-B  33
  • Chapter   21 COOPERATION AND CAPACITY BUILDING 34
  • Article   21.1 General Provisions 34
  • Article   21.2 Areas of Cooperation and Capacity Building 34
  • Article   21.3 Contact Points for Cooperation and Capacity Building 34
  • Article   21.4 Committee on Cooperation and Capacity Building 34
  • Article   21.5 Resources 34
  • Article   21.6 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 34
  • Chapter   22 COMPETITIVENESS AND BUSINESS FACILITATION 34
  • Article   22.1 Definitions 34
  • Article   22.2 Committee on Competitiveness and Business Facilitation 34
  • Article   22.3 Supply Chains 34
  • Article   22.4 Engagement with Interested Persons 34
  • Article   22.5 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 34
  • Chapter   23 DEVELOPMENT 34
  • Article   23.1 General Provisions 34
  • Article   23.2 Promotion of Development 34
  • Article   23.3 Broad-Based Economic Growth 34
  • Article   23.4 Women and Economic Growth 34
  • Article   23.5 Education, Science and Technology, Research and Innovation 34
  • Article   23.6 Joint Development Activities 34
  • Article   23.7 Committee on Development 34
  • Article   23.8 Relation to other Chapters 34
  • Article   23.9 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 34
  • Chapter   24 SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES 34
  • Article   24.1 Information Sharing 34
  • Article   24.2 Committee on SMEs 34
  • Article   24.3 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 35
  • Chapter   25 REGULATORY COHERENCE 35
  • Article   25.1 Definitions 35
  • Article   25.2 General Provisions 35
  • Article   25.3 Scope of Covered Regulatory Measures 35
  • Article   25.4 Coordination and Review Processes or Mechanisms 35
  • Article   25.5 Implementation of Core Good Regulatory Practices 35
  • Article   25.6 Committee on Regulatory Coherence 35
  • Article   25.7 Cooperation 35
  • Article   25.8 Engagement with Interested Persons 35
  • Article   25.9 Notification of Implementation 35
  • Article   25.10 Relation to other Chapters 35
  • Article   25.11 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 35
  • Chapter   26 TRANSPARENCY AND ANTI-CORRUPTION 35
  • Section   A Definitions 35
  • Article   26.1 Definitions 35
  • Section   B Transparency 35
  • Article   26.2 Publication 35
  • Article   26.3 Administrative Proceedings 35
  • Article   26.4 Review and Appeal  (3) 35
  • Article   26.5 Provision of Information 35
  • Section   C Anti-Corruption 35
  • Article   26.6 Scope 35
  • Article   26.7 Measures to Combat Corruption 35
  • Article   26.8 Promoting Integrity Among Public Officials 36
  • Article   26.9 Application and Enforcement of Anti-Corruption Laws 36
  • Article   26.10 Participation of Private Sector and Society 36
  • Article   26.11 Relation to other Agreements 36
  • Article   26.12 Dispute Settlement 36
  • Chapter   27 ADMINISTRATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS 36
  • Article   27.1 Establishment of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Commission 36
  • Article   27.2 Functions of the Commission 36
  • Article   27.3 Decision-Making 36
  • Article   27.4 Rules of Procedure of the Commission 36
  • Article   27.5 Contact Points 36
  • Article   27.6 Administration of Dispute Settlement Proceedings 36
  • Article   27.7 Reporting In Relation to Party-specific Transition Periods 36
  • Chapter   28 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 36
  • Section   A Dispute Settlement 36
  • Article   28.1 Definitions 36
  • Article   28.2 Cooperation 36
  • Article   28.3 Scope 36
  • Article   28.4 Choice of Forum 36
  • Article   28.5 Consultations 36
  • Article   28.6 Good Offices, Conciliation and Mediation 36
  • Article   28.7 Establishment of a Panel 36
  • Article   28.8 Terms of Reference 37
  • Article   28.9 Composition of Panels 37
  • Article   28.10 Qualifications of Panellists 37
  • Article   28.11 Roster of Panel Chairs and Party Specific Lists Roster of Panel Chairs 37
  • Article   28.12 Function of Panels 37
  • Article   28.13 Rules of Procedure for Panels 37
  • Article   28.14 Third Party Participation 37
  • Article   28.15 Role of Experts 37
  • Article   28.16 Suspension or Termination of Proceedings 37
  • Article   28.17 Initial Report 37
  • Article   28.18 Final Report 37
  • Article   28.19 Implementation of Final Report 37
  • Article   28.20 Non-Implementation - Compensation and Suspension of Benefits 37
  • Article   28.21 Compliance Review 37
  • Section   B Domestic Proceedings and Private Commercial Dispute Settlement 38
  • Article   28.22 Private Rights 38
  • Article   28.23 Alternative Dispute Resolution 38
  • Chapter   29 EXCEPTIONS AND GENERAL PROVISIONS 38
  • Section   A Exceptions 38
  • Article   29.1 General Exceptions 38
  • Article   29.2 Security Exceptions 38
  • Article   29.3 Temporary Safeguard Measures 38
  • Article   29.4 Taxation Measures 38
  • Article   29.5 Tobacco Control Measures  (11) 38
  • Article   29.6 Treaty of Waitangi 38
  • Section   B General Provisions 38
  • Article   29.7 Disclosure of Information 38
  • Article   29.8 Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions 38
  • Chapter   30 FINAL PROVISIONS 38
  • Article   30.1 Annexes, Appendices and Footnotes 38
  • Article   30.2 Amendments 38
  • Article   30.3 Amendment of the WTO Agreement 38
  • Article   30.4 Accession 38
  • Article   305 Entry Into Force 38
  • Article   30.6 Withdrawal 38
  • Article   30.7 Depositary 38
  • Article   308 Authentic Texts 38
  • ANNEX I 39
  • SCHEDULE OF AUSTRALIA 39
  • SCHEDULE OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 39
  • APPENDIX I-A  Work Categories 41
  • SCHEDULE OF CANADA INTRODUCTORY 41
  • APPENDIX I-A  Illustrative List of Canada’s Regional Non-conforming Measures  (1) 43
  • SCHEDULE OF CHILE 43
  • SCHEDULE OF JAPAN 44
  • SCHEDULE OF MALAYSIA 48
  • SCHEDULE OF MEXICO 50
  • SCHEDULE OF NEW ZEALAND 52
  • SCHEDULE OF PERU 53
  • SCHEDULE OF SINGAPORE 55
  • APPENDIX I-A  Illustrative list of U.S. regional non-conforming measures  (3) 57
  • APPENDIX I-A  Illustrative list of U.S. regional non-conforming measures  (4) 57
  • SCHEDULE OF VIET NAM 57
  • ANNEX II  EXPLANATORY NOTES 59
  • SCHEDULE OF AUSTRALIA 59
  • APPENDIX A  Australia 60
  • SCHEDULE OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 60
  • SCHEDULE OF CANADA 61
  • APPENDIX II  Canada 62
  • SCHEDULE OF CHILE 62
  • SCHEDULE OF JAPAN 64
  • SCHEDULE OF MALAYSIA 64
  • SCHEDULE OF MEXICO 65
  • SCHEDULE OF NEW ZEALAND 66
  • APPENDIX A  New Zealand 67
  • SCHEDULE OF PERU 68
  • SCHEDULE OF SINGAPORE 69
  • SCHEDULE OF THE UNITED STATES 71
  • APPENDIX II-A  United States 72
  • SCHEDULE OF VIET NAM 72
  • APPENDIX II-A  Viet Nam 74