Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement - RCEP (2020) - Electronic Database of Investment Treaties (EDIT)

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(a) the ability of individual education and training institutions to maintain autonomy in admissions policies (including in relation to considerations of equal opportunity for students and recognition of credits and degrees), in setting tuition rates and in the development of curricula or course content;

(b) non-discriminatory accreditation and quality assurance procedures for education and training institutions and their programmes, including the standards that must be met;

(c) government funding, subsidies or grants, such as land grants, preferential tax treatment and other public benefits, provided to education and training institutions; or

(d) the need for education and training institutions to comply with non-discriminatory requirements related to the establishment and operation of a facility in a particular jurisdiction.

1.

Sector : All Sectors Subsector : - Obligations Concerned : National Treatment (Article 8.4 and Article 10.3) Market Access (Article 8.5) Prohibition of Performance Requirements (Article 10.6) Description : Trade in Services and Investment (15) Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to a proposed acquisition by a foreign person (16) of an interest in Australian land (17), other than developed commercial land or land that is used wholly and exclusively for a primary production business. Existing Measures : Australia’s Foreign Investment Framework, which comprises Australia’s Foreign Investment Policy; Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975 (Commonwealth); Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Regulations 2015 (Commonwealth); Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Fees Imposition Act 2015 (Commonwealth); Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Fees Imposition Regulation 2015 (Commonwealth); Financial Sector (Shareholdings) Act 1998 (Commonwealth); and Ministerial Statements.

(15) The terms in this entry should be interpreted in accordance with Australia’s Foreign Investment Framework, as at the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

(16) The term “foreign person” has the meaning set out in the Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975 (Commonwealth) and Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Regulation 2015 (Commonwealth).

(17) The terms “Australian land” and “interest in Australian land” have the meaning set out in the Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975 (Commonwealth) and Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Regulation 2015 (Commonwealth)

2.

Sector : All Sectors Subsector : - Obligations Concerned : National Treatment (Article 8.4 and Article 10.3) Market Access (Article 8.5) Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment (Article 8.6 and Article 10.4) Prohibition of Performance Requirements (Article 10.6) Senior Management and Board of Directors (Article 10.7) Description : Trade in Services and Investment (18) Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to the proposed acquisition by a foreign person (19) of an interest in agricultural land, where the cumulative value of agricultural land (20) owned by the foreign person alone or together with associates, including the proposed acquisition, is above AUD15 million. Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to the proposed acquisition by a foreign person of an interest in an agribusiness where the cumulative value of the interest held by the foreign person in that agribusiness, (21) alone or together with associates, including the proposed acquisition, is above AUD60 million. Existing Measures : Australia’s Foreign Investment Framework, which comprises Australia’s Foreign Investment Policy; Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975 (Commonwealth); Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Regulations 2015 (Commonwealth); Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Fees Imposition Act 2015 (Commonwealth); Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Fees Imposition Regulation 2015 (Commonwealth); Financial Sector (Shareholdings) Act 1998 (Commonwealth); and Ministerial Statements.

(18) The terms in this entry should be interpreted in accordance with Australia’s Foreign Investment Framework, as at the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

(19) The term “foreign person” has the meaning set out in the Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975 (Commonwealth) and Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Regulation 2015 (Commonwealth).

(20) The term “agricultural land” has the meaning set out in the Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975 (Commonwealth) and Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Regulation 2015 (Commonwealth).

(21) The term “agribusiness” has the meaning set out in the Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975 (Commonwealth) and Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Regulation 2015 (Commonwealth).

3.

4.

Sector : All Sectors Subsector : - Obligations Concerned : Market Access (Article 8.5) Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment (Article 8.6) Description : Trade in Services Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to the supply of a service by the presence of natural persons, subject to the provisions of Chapter 9 (Temporary Movement of Natural Persons). Existing Measures : -

5.

Sector : All Sectors Subsector : - Obligations Concerned : National Treatment (Article 8.4 and Article 10.3) Market Access (Article 8.5) Local Presence (Article 8.11) Prohibition of Performance Requirements (Article 10.6) Senior Management and Board of Directors (Article 10.7) Description : Trade in Services and Investment Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure according preferences to any Indigenous person (22) or organisation or providing for the favourable treatment of any Indigenous person or organisation in relation to acquisition, establishment or operation of any commercial or industrial undertaking in the service sector. Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to investment that accords preferences to any Indigenous person or organisation or providing for the favourable treatment of any Indigenous person or organisation. Existing Measures : Legislation and ministerial statements at all levels of government including Australia’s Foreign Investment Framework, and the Native Title Act 1993 (Commonwealth).

(22) For the purpose of this entry, an “Indigenous person” means a person of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

6.

7.

(23) For greater certainty, measures adopted or maintained with respect to the provision of services covered by this entry include measures for the protection of personal information relating to health and children.

(24) For the avoidance of doubt, this includes any measure with respect to: the collection of blood and its components, the distribution of blood and blood-related products, including plasma derived products, plasma fractionation services, and the procurement of blood and blood related products and services.

(25) For greater certainty, the subsidies programmes under Australia’s Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and Medicare Benefits Scheme, or successor programmes, are not subject to Chapter 8 (Trade in Services) consistent with Article 8.2 (Scope) or Chapter 10 (Investment) consistent with Article 10.2 (Scope).

8.

Sector : Communications Services; Recreational, Cultural and Sporting Services Subsector : - Obligations Concerned : National Treatment (Article 8.4 and Article 10.3) Market Access (Article 8.5) Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment (Article 8.6 and Article 10.4) Local Presence (Article 8.11) Prohibition of Performance Requirements (Article 10.6) Senior Management and Board of Directors (Article 10.7) Description : Trade in Services and Investment Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to: (a) the creative arts (26), cultural heritage (27) and other cultural industries, including audio-visual services, entertainment services and libraries, archives, museums and other cultural services; and (b) broadcasting and audio-visual services, including measures with respect to planning, licensing and spectrum management, and including: (i) services offered in Australia; and (ii) international services originating from Australia. Existing Measures : Broadcasting Services Act 1992 (Commonwealth) Radiocommunications Act 1992 (Commonwealth) Broadcasting Services (Australian Content) Standard 2016 Children’s Television Standards 2009 Television Program Standard 23 – Australian Content in Advertising Commercial Radio Codes of Practice and Guidelines Community Broadcasting Codes of Practice International Co-production program Australia Council Act 2013 (Commonwealth) Screen Australia Act 2008 (Commonwealth) Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (Commonwealth) Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Commonwealth)

(26) “Creative arts” include: the performing arts – including theatre, dance and music – visual arts and craft, literature, film, television, video, radio, creative on-line content, indigenous traditional practice and contemporary cultural expression, and digital interactive media and hybrid arts work which uses new technologies to transcend discrete art form divisions.

(27) “Cultural heritage” includes: ethnological, archaeological, historical, literary, artistic, scientific or technological moveable or built heritage, including the collections which are documented, preserved and exhibited by museums, galleries, libraries, archives and other heritage collecting institutions.

9.

Sector : Distribution Services Subsector : - Obligations Concerned : Market Access (Article 8.5) Description : Trade in Services Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to wholesale and retail trade services of tobacco products, alcoholic beverages, or firearms. Existing Measures : -

10.

Sector : Education Sector Subsector : - Obligations Concerned : National Treatment (Article 8.4 and Article 10.3) Market Access (Article 8.5) Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment (Article 8.6 and Article 10.4) Local Presence (Article 8.11) Prohibition of Performance Requirements (Article 10.6) Senior Management and Board of Directors (Article 10.7) Description : Trade in Services and Investment Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to primary education. Existing Measures : -

11.

Sector : Gambling and Betting Subsector : - Obligations Concerned : National Treatment (Article 8.4 and Article 10.3) Market Access (Article 8.5) Local Presence (Article 8.11) Prohibition of Performance Requirements (Article 10.6) Senior Management and Board of Directors (Article 10.7) Description : Trade in Services and Investment Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to gambling and betting. Existing Measures : Legislation and Ministerial Statements, including the Interactive Gambling Act 2001 (Commonwealth).

12.

Sector : Maritime Transport Subsector : - Obligations Concerned : National Treatment (Article 8.4 and Article 10.3) Market Access (Article 8.5) Local Presence (Article 8.11) Prohibition of Performance Requirements (Article 10.6) Senior Management and Board of Directors (Article 10.7) Description : Trade in Services and Investment Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to maritime cabotage services and offshore transport services. (28) Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to the registration of vessels in Australia. Existing Measures : Customs Act 1901 (Commonwealth) Fair Work Act 2009 (Commonwealth) Seafarers’ Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 1992 (Commonwealth) Occupational Health and Safety (Maritime Industry) Act 1993 (Commonwealth) Shipping Registration Act 1981 (Commonwealth) Shipping Registration Regulations 1981 (Commonwealth) Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (Commonwealth) Coastal Trading (Revitalising Australian Shipping) Act 2012 (Commonwealth) Coastal Trading (Revitalising Australian Shipping) (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Act 2012 (Commonwealth) Shipping Reform (Tax Incentives) Act 2012 (Commonwealth).

(28) For the purposes of this entry, “cabotage” is defined as the transportation of passengers or goods between a port located in Australia and another port located in Australia and traffic originating and terminating in the same port located in Australia. “Offshore transport” refers to shipping services involving the transportation of passengers or goods between a port located in Australia and any location associated with or incidental to the exploration or exploitation of natural resources of the continental shelf of Australia, the seabed of the Australian coastal sea and the subsoil of that seabed.

13.

Sector : Transport Services Subsector : - Obligations Concerned : National Treatment (Article 8.4 and Article 10.3) Market Access (Article 8.5) Senior Management and Board of Directors (Article 10.7) Description : Trade in Services and Investment Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to investment in federal leased airports. Existing Measures : Airports Act 1996 (Commonwealth) Airports (Ownership-Interests in Shares) Regulations 1996 (Commonwealth) Airports Regulations 1997 (Commonwealth)

14.

Sector : All Sectors Subsector : - Obligations Concerned : Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment (Article 8.6 and Article 10.4) Description : Trade in Services and Investment Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure that accords more favourable treatment to any service supplier or investor under any bilateral or multilateral international agreement in force or signed prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement. (29) Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure that accords more favourable treatment to any service supplier or investor taken as part of a process of economic integration or trade liberalisation between the parties to the Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement done at Canberra on 28 March 1983 (ANZCERTA). (30) Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure that accords more favourable treatment to any service supplier or investor of a Pacific Islands Forum member state under any international agreement in force or signed after the date of entry into force of this Agreement. Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure that accords more favourable treatment to any service supplier or investor under any bilateral or multilateral international agreement in force or signed after the date of entry into force of this Agreement involving: (a) aviation; (b) fisheries; or (c) maritime matters, including salvage. Existing Measures : -

(29) For greater certainty, this right extends to any differential treatment accorded pursuant to a subsequent review or amendment of the relevant bilateral or multilateral international agreement.

(30) For the avoidance of doubt, this includes measures adopted or maintained under any existing or future protocol to that agreement.

15.

Sector : Agriculture Subsector : - Obligations Concerned : National Treatment (Article 8.4 and Article 10.3) Market Access (Article 8.5) Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment (Article 8.6 and Article 10.4) Local Presence (Article 8.11) Prohibition of Performance Requirements (Article 10.6) Senior Management and Board of Directors (Article 10.7) Description : Trade in Services and Investment Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to marketing boards or similar arrangements. Existing Measures : -

16.

Sector : All Sectors Subsector : - Obligations Concerned : Market Access (Article 8.5) Description : Trade in Services 1. Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure at the regional level of government, except: (a) for the sectors and subsectors, and subject to the limitations and conditions, listed in Appendix A to this List; and (b) as provided in paragraph 2 of this entry. 2. With respect to financial services, Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure at the regional level of government that is not inconsistent with Australia’s revised Services Offer of 31 May 2005 in the World Trade Organization Doha Development Agenda negotiations (WTO Document TN/S/O/AUS/Rev.1). Existing Measures : -

17.

Sector : Services Related to Air Transportation Subsector : - Obligations Concerned : National Treatment (Article 8.4 and Article 10.3) Market Access (Article 8.5) Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment (Article 8.6 and Article 10.4) Local Presence (Article 8.11) Prohibition of Performance Requirements (Article 10.6) Senior Management and Board of Directors (Article 10.7) Description : Trade in Services and Investment Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to the services listed in subparagraph 3(e)(iv) through (vi) of Article 8.2 (Scope), except for: (a) specialty air services, meaning any specialised commercial operation using an aircraft whose primary purpose is not the transportation of goods or passengers, such as aerial fire-fighting, flight training, sightseeing, spraying, surveying, mapping, photography, parachute jumping, glider towing, and helicopter-lift for logging and construction, and other airborne agricultural, industrial and inspection services; (b) ground handling services, (31) meaning the supply at an airport, on a fee or contract basis, of the following services: airline representation, administration and supervision; passenger handling; baggage handling; ramp services; catering, except the preparation of the food; air cargo and mail handling; fuelling of an aircraft; aircraft servicing and cleaning; surface transport; and flight operations, crew administration and flight planning; or (c) airport operation services, meaning the supply of air terminal, airfield and other airport infrastructure operation services on a fee or contract basis. Airport operation services do not include air navigation services. Existing Measures : -

(31) Ground handling services do not include: self-handling; security; line maintenance; aircraft repair and maintenance; or management or operation of essential centralised airport infrastructure, such as de-icing facilities, fuel distribution systems, baggage handling systems and fixed intra-airport transport systems.

18.

Sector : Financial Services Subsector : - Obligations Concerned : Market Access (Article 8.5) Description : Trade in Services Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure imposing non-discriminatory limitations on juridical form for juridical persons supplying financial services and constituted under the laws of Australia. For example, partnerships and sole proprietorships are generally not acceptable juridical forms for authorised depository institutions in Australia. (32) Existing Measures : -

(32) This entry is not itself intended to affect, or otherwise limit, a choice by a financial service supplier of another Party between branches or subsidiaries.

19.

Sector : Financial Services Subsector : - Obligations Concerned : National Treatment (Article 8.4 and Article 10.3) Description : Trade in Services and Investment Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to the guarantee by government of government-owned entities whose operations include the provision of financial services, including guarantees related to the privatisation of such entities. Existing Measures : -

20.

Sector : Financial Services Subsector : - Obligations Concerned : National Treatment (Article 8.4 and Article 10.3) Market Access (Article 8.5) Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment (Article 8.6 and Article 10.4) Description : Trade in Services and Investment Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure regarding solicitation in its territory. Existing Measures : -

21.

Sector : Financial Services Subsector : Banking and other financial services (excluding insurance and insurance-related services) Obligations Concerned : National Treatment (Article 8.4 and Article 10.3) Market Access (Article 8.5) Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment (Article 8.6 and Article 10.4) Senior Management and Board of Directors (Article 10.7) Description : Trade in Services and Investment Except as provided in this entry, Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to trade in services as defined in subparagraphs (r)(i), (r)(ii) and (r)(iv) of Article 8.1 (Definitions) for banking and other financial services. Australia shall permit a financial service supplier of another Party to supply, via cross-border supply as defined in subparagraph (r)(i) of Article 8.1 (Definitions) and under terms and conditions that accord national treatment, the following services: provision and transfer of financial information and financial data processing as referred to in subparagraph (b)(xv) of Article 1 (Definitions) of Annex 8A (Financial Services) and advisory and other auxiliary services, excluding intermediation, relating to banking and other financial services as referred to in subparagraph (b)(xvi) of Article 1 (Definitions) of Annex 8A (Financial Services). In relation to the following services Australia shall ensure a financial service supplier of another Party organised in the territory of that Party, upon obtaining an Australian financial services licence and any other necessary authorisations, or exemptions therefrom, in accordance with prescribed Australian laws and regulations, may undertake: (a) securities related transactions on a wholesale basis between and among financial institutions and other entities; (b) the following services to a collective investment scheme (33) located in Australia: (34) i. investment advice and ii. portfolio management services, excluding: A. trustee services; and B. custodial services and execution services that are not related to managing a collective investment scheme. Australia shall permit its residents to purchase in the territory of any other Party the financial services indicated in subparagraphs (b)(v) through (xvi) of Article 1 (Definitions) of Annex 8A (Financial Services). Existing Measures : -

(33) For the purposes of this entry, “collective investment scheme” means a “managed investment scheme” as defined under section 9 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Commonwealth), other than a managed investment scheme operated in contravention of subsection 601ED (5) of the Corporations Act 2001 (Commonwealth), or an entity that: (a) carries on a business of investment in securities, interests in land, or other investments; and (b) in the course of carrying on that business, invests funds subscribed, whether directly or indirectly, after an offer or invitation to the public (within the meaning of section 82 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Commonwealth)) made on terms that the funds subscribed would be invested.

(34) For greater certainty, Australia may require a collective investment scheme or a person of Australia involved in the operation of the scheme located in Australia to retain ultimate responsibility for the management of the collective investment scheme.

22.

Sector : Financial Services Subsector : Insurance and insurance-related services Obligations Concerned : National Treatment (Article 8.4 and Article 10.3) Market Access (Article 8.5) Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment (Article 8.6 and Article 10.4) Senior Management and Board of Directors (Article 10.7) Description : Trade in Services and Investment Except as provided in this entry, Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to trade in services as defined in subparagraph (r)(i), (r)(ii) and (r)(iv) of Article 8.1 (Definitions) for insurance and insurance-related services. Australia shall permit a financial service supplier of another Party to supply, via cross-border supply as defined in subparagraph (v)(i) of Article 8.1 (Definitions) and under terms and conditions that accord national treatment, whether as a principal, through an intermediary or as an intermediary, the following services: (a) insurance of risks relating to: (i) maritime shipping and commercial aviation and space launching and freight (including satellites), with such insurance to cover any or all of the following: the goods being transported, the vehicle transporting the goods and any liability arising therefrom; and (ii) goods in international transit; (b) reinsurance and retrocession and the services auxiliary to insurance as referred to in subparagraph (b)(iv) of Article 1 (Definitions) of Annex 8A (Financial Services); and (c) insurance intermediation, such as brokerage and agency as referred to in subparagraph (b)(iii) of Article 1 (Definitions) of Annex 8A (Financial Services). Australia shall permit its residents to purchase in the territory of another Party the financial services indicated in subparagraphs (a) through (c) of this entry. Existing Measures : -

23.

Sector : Financial Services Subsector : - Obligations Concerned : Prohibition of Performance Requirements (Article 10.6) Description : Investment Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to financial services. Existing Measures : -

Appendix A. Australia's Market Access Commitments - Regional (State and Territory) Level

For the purposes of this Appendix:

 the 1), 2) and 3) inscribed in the ‘Limitations on Market Access’ column refers to the modes for the supply of a service as defined in subparagraph (r)(i) through (iii) of Article 8.1 (Definitions);

 * means unbound due to lack of technical feasibility;

 ** indicates that the service specified constitutes only a part of the total range of activities covered by the Customs Procedure Code (CPC) concordance. Unless otherwise stated all CPC references correspond to the Provisional Central Product Classification (Statistical Papers Series M No. 77, Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office of the United Nations, New York, 1991).

Modes of Supply: 1) Cross-border Supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence

Sector or Subsector	Limitations on Market Access
1. BUSINESS SERVICES
A. Professional Services
a) Legal services (35)
- Legal advisory and representational services in domestic law (host-country law)	(1) None (2) None (3) None
- Legal advisory services in foreign law and international law and (in relation to foreign and international law only) legal arbitration and conciliation/mediation services.	(1) None (2) None (3) Natural persons practising foreign law may only join a local law firm as a consultant and may not enter into partnership with or employ local lawyers in South Australia
b) Accounting, auditing and bookkeeping services (CPC 862) c) Taxation services (CPC 863) d) Architectural services (CPC 8671) e) Engineering services (CPC 8672) f) Integrated engineering services (CPC 8673) g) Urban planning and landscape architectural services (CPC 8674) h) Dental services (CPC 93123) i) Veterinary services (CPC 932)	(1) None (2) None (3) None

(35) For the purposes of this commitment: “legal advisory services” includes provision of advice to and consultation with clients in matters, including transactions, relationships and disputes, involving the application or interpretation of law; participation with or on behalf of clients in negotiations and other dealings with third parties in such matters; and preparation of documents governed in whole or in part by law, and the verification of documents of any kind for purposes of and in accordance with the requirements of law. Does not include advice, consultation and documentation services performed by service suppliers entrusted with public functions, such as notary services, or services provided by patent or trademarks attorneys. “legal representational services” includes preparation of documents intended to be submitted to courts, administrative agencies, and other duly constituted official tribunals in matters involving the application and interpretation of law; and appearance before courts, administrative agencies, and other duly constituted official tribunals in matters involving the application and interpretation of the specified body of law. (Note: The inclusion of representational services before administrative agencies and other duly constituted official tribunals within the context of legal services does not necessarily mean that a licensed lawyer must supply such services in all cases. The precise scope of services subject to licensing requirements is subject to the discretion of the relevant regulatory authority.) Does not include documentation services performed by service suppliers entrusted with public functions, such as notary services, or services provided by patent or trademarks attorneys. “legal arbitration, conciliation and mediation services” means preparation of documents to be submitted to, preparation for and appearance before, an arbitrator, conciliator or mediator in any dispute involving the application and interpretation of law. Does not include arbitration, conciliation and mediation services in disputes for which the law has no bearing which fall under services incidental to management consulting. As a sub-category, international legal arbitration, conciliation or mediation services refer to the same services when the dispute involves parties from two or more countries. “domestic law (host country law)” means the law of Australia. “foreign law” means the law of the territories of WTO Members and other countries other than the law of Australia. “international law” includes law established by international treaties and conventions, as well as customary law. For the purposes of these definitions: “arbitration” is taken to mean a process in which the parties to a dispute present arguments and evidence to a dispute resolution practitioner (the arbitrator) who makes a determination. “mediation” is taken to mean a process in which the parties to a dispute, with the assistance of a dispute resolution practitioner (the mediator), identify the disputed issues, develop options, consider alternatives and endeavour to reach an agreement. The mediator has no advisory or determinative role in regard to the content of the dispute or the outcome of its resolution, but may advise on or determine the process of mediation whereby resolution is attempted. “conciliation” is taken to mean a process in which the parties to a dispute, with the assistance of a dispute resolution practitioner (the conciliator), identify the issues in dispute, develop options, consider alternatives and endeavour to reach an agreement. The conciliator may have an advisory role on the content of the dispute or the outcome of its resolution, but not a determinative role. The conciliator may advise on or determine the process of conciliation whereby resolution is attempted, and may make suggestions for terms of settlement, give expert advice on likely settlement terms, and may actively encourage the participants to reach an agreement.

B. Computer and Relates Services (CPC 84) (36)	(1) None (2) None (3) None
C. Research and Development (R&D) Services a) R&D Services on Natural Sciences (CPC 851) b) R&D Services on Social Sciences and Humanities (CPC 852) c) Interdisciplinary R&D Services (CPC 853)	(1) None (2) None (3) None
D. Real Estate Services a) Involving own or leased property (CPC 821) b) On a fee or contract basis (CPC 822)	(1) None, except commercial presence required (2) None, except commercial presence required (3) None

(36) For greater certainty, Entry 8 of this List applies to measures relating to content for computer and related services (CPC 84).

E. Rental or Leasing Services without Operators a) Relating to ships (CPC 83103**) (37) b) Relating to aircraft (CPC 83104) c) Relating to other transport equipment (CPC 83101-2, 83105) d) Relating to other machinery and equipment (CPC 83106-9)	(1) None (2) None (3) None
F. Other Business Services
a) Advertising services (CPC 87110, 87120, 87190) (38) b) Market research and public opinion polling services (CPC 864) c) Management consulting services (CPC 865) d) Services related to management consulting (CPC 86601, 86609) (39) e) Technical testing and analysis services (CPC 8676) f) Services incidental to agriculture, hunting and forestry (CPC 8811, 8812, 8814) (40) g) Services incidental to fishing (CPC 882) (41) h) Services incidental to mining and site preparation work for mining (CPC 883, 5115) i) Services incidental to manufacturing (CPC 884, 885, except 88442) j) Services incidental to energy distribution (CPC 887) (42)	(1) None (2) None (3) None
k) Placement and supply services of personnel (CPC 872)	(1) Unbound (2) None (3) None

(37) For greater certainty, this excludes maritime cabotage services and offshore transport services in accordance with Entry 12 of this List.

(38) Covers services by advertising agencies in creating and placing advertising in periodicals, newspapers, radio and television for clients; outdoor advertising; media representation i.e. sale of time and space for various media; distribution and delivery of advertising material or samples. For greater certainty, this does not include production, broadcast or screening of advertisements for radio, television or cinema in accordance with Entry 8 of this List.

(39) Excludes arbitration and conciliation services.

(40) Provision of advice and guidance relating to crop and livestock management on consultancy basis. Includes specialised consultancy services only, related to forestry activities, timber evaluation, forest management or planning. Does not include logging.

(41) Consists of specialised consultancy services only, related to marine or freshwater fisheries, fish hatchery services. Does not include fishing.

(42) Covers consultancy services related to the transmission and distribution on a fee or contract basis of electricity, gaseous fuels and steam and hot water to household, industrial, commercial and other users.

l) Investigation and security (CPC 873) m) Related scientific and technical consulting services (CPC 8675) n) Maintenance and repair of equipment (not including maritime vessels, aircraft or other transport equipment) (CPC 633, 8861-8866)	(1) None (2) None (3) None
o) Building-cleaning services (CPC 874)	(1) Unbound* (2) None (3) None
p) Photographic services (CPC 875) s) Convention services (CPC 87909**) (43) t) Other: - Telephone answering services (CPC 87903) - Duplicating services (CPC 87904) - Translation and interpretation services (CPC 87905) - Mailing list compilation and mailing services (CPC 87906) - Interior design (CPC 87907) (44)	(1) None (2) None (3) None

(43) Activities of establishments engaged in provision of planning, organising, managing and marketing services for conventions and similar events (including catering and beverage services).

(44) Specialised consultancy services related to the post-construction design and fitting out of interior living and working spaces. Includes purchase of necessary goods.

2. COMMUNICATION SERVICES
C. Telecommunications Services Covers the following subsectors from the Services Sectoral Classification List used by the WTO Secretariat in MTN.GNS/W/120 dated 10 July 1991 and related CPC codes (7521, 7522, 7523, 7529**):
a) Voice telephone services b) Packet-switched data transmission services c) Circuit-switched data transmission services d) Telex services e) Telegraph services f) Facsimile services g) Private leased circuit services o) Other: - Digital Cellular services - Paging services - Personal Communications Services - Trunked Radio System Services - Mobile Data Services	(1) None (2) None (3) None
h) Electronic mail (CPC 7523) i) Voice mail (CPC 7523) j) On-line information and database retrieval (CPC 7523) k) Electronic data interchange (EDI) (CPC 7523) l) Enhanced/value-added facsimile services, including store and retrieve (CPC 7523) m) Code and protocol conversion (CPC 7523)	(1) None (2) None (3) None
D. Audiovisual services
e) Sound recording services (45) f) Other – audiovisual post-production services (46)	(1) None, except unbound in relation to measures relating to Australian content (2) Unbound (3) Unbound

(45) Covers sound recording services, live recording services and sound recording originals. Does not include reproduction of audio recordings, or providing a sound recording studio or sound recording equipment.

(46) Covers audiovisual editing services, transfers and duplication of masters services, colour correction and digital restoration services, visual effects services, animation services, captioning, titling and subtitling services, sound editing and design services, and other audiovisual post-production services such as format conversion and compression services.

3. CONSTRUCTION AND RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES
A. General construction work for buildings (CPC 512) B. General construction work for civil engineering (CPC 513) C. Installation and assembly work (CPC 514, 516) D. Building completion and finishing work (CPC 517) E. Other: - Pre-erection work at construction sites (CPC 511 excluding site preparation for mining – CPC 5115) - Special trade construction work (CPC 515) - Renting services related to equipment for construction or demolition of buildings or civil engineering works, with operator (CPC 518)	(1) Unbound* (2) None (3) None
4. DISTRIBUTION SERVICES
A. Commission agents’ services (CPC 62113-62118) (47) B. Wholesale trade services (CPC 6223-6228) (48)	(1) None (2) None (3) None
C. Retailing services (CPC 631, 63212, 6322-5, 6329, 61112, 6113, 6121) (49)	(1) Unbound, except for mail order (2) None (3) None
D. Franchising (CPC 8929) (1) None (2) None (3) None

(47) For greater certainty, this excludes tobacco and alcoholic beverages, and excludes firearms in accordance with Entry 9 of this List.

(48) For greater certainty, this excludes wholesale trade services of unmanufactured tobacco, tobacco products and alcoholic beverages, and excludes firearms in accordance with Entry 9 of this List.

(49) Australia’s commitments in relation to these services extend to cover the following services not listed in relevant CPC classifications: inventory management of goods, assembling, sorting and grading of goods, breaking bulk, re-distribution and delivery services for retailing. Does not cover dispensing of pharmaceuticals. For greater certainty, this excludes retailing services of alcoholic beverages, tobacco products and firearms in accordance with Entry 9 of this List.

5. EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
B. Secondary education services (CPC 922) (50) C. Higher education services (CPC 923) (51) E. Other education services (CPC 929**) (52)	(1) None (2) None (3) None

(50) Covers general as well as technical and vocational education at the secondary level in private institutions.

(51) Covers provision of private tertiary education services including at university level.

(52) Covers tuition and testing in English and other languages. Tuition in cuisine and traditional therapies (including massage, acupuncture), music, dance and martial arts.

6. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES (53)
A. Wastewater management (CPC 9401) (54) B. Waste management (CPC 9402, 9403) (55) D. Other: - Protection of ambient air and climate (CPC 9404) (56) - Remediation and clean-up of soil and water (CPC 9406) (57) - Noise and vibration abatement (CPC 9405) (58) - Protection of biodiversity and landscape (CPC 9406) (59) - Other environmental and ancillary services (CPC 9409) (60)	(1) None (2) None (3) None

(53) Australia’s commitments on environmental services exclude the provision of water for human use, including water collection, purification and distribution through mains.

(54) This covers removal, treatment and disposal of household, commercial and industrial sewage and other waste waters including tank emptying and cleaning, monitoring, removal and treatment of solid wastes.

(55) This covers hazardous and non-hazardous waste collection, treatment and disposal (including incineration, composting and landfill); linen sanitation and treatment and clinical waste disposal services supplied to hospitals; sweeping and snow removal, and other sanitation services.

(56) This covers services at power stations or industrial complexes to remove air pollutants; monitoring of mobile emissions and implementation of control systems or reduction programmes.

(57) Australia’s commitments under CPC 9406** combine to cover the entirety of CPC 9406 services. This covers cleaning-up systems in situ or mobile, emergency response, clean-up and longer-term abatement of spills and natural disasters; and rehabilitation programmes (e.g. recovery of mining sites) including monitoring.

(58) This covers monitoring programmes, and installation of noise reduction systems and screens.

(59) Australia’s commitments under items CPC 9406** combine to cover the entirety of CPC 9406 services. This covers ecology and habitat protection and promotion of forests and promoting sustainable forestry.

(60) This covers other environment protection services, including services related to environmental impact assessment.

8. HEALTH RELATED AND SOCIAL SERVICES
A. Hospital services - Private hospital services (CPC 93110**) (61)	(1) Unbound* (2) None (3) None, except that measures in the form of economic needs tests, limitations on the number of services operations and types of legal entity may apply
B. Other human health services - Other human health services (CPC 93199**) (62)	(1) Unbound (2) None (3) None
- Ayurveda, naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and homeopathy services	(1) None (2) None (3) None

(61) Covers delivery of services under the direction of registered medical doctors to patients in hospital institutions that are not funded, owned or operated by or on behalf of the federal government or a State or Territory government in Australia.

(62) Covers podiatry and chiropody services. Includes podiatry services carried out in health clinics, and in residential health facilities other than hospitals, as well as in own consulting rooms, patients’ homes or elsewhere.

9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES
A. Hotels and restaurants (CPC 641, 642, 643)	(1) Unbound* (2) None (3) None
B. Travel agencies and tour operator services (CPC 7471)	(1) None, except commercial presence required (2) None (3) None
C. Tourist guide services (CPC 7472)	(1) None (2) None (3) None
10. RECREATIONAL, CULTURAL AND SPORTING SERVICES
B. News agency services (CPC 962) D. Sporting and other recreational services - Sporting services (CPC 9641) - Other recreational services (CPC 96491 and 96499) (63)	(1) None (2) None (3) None

(63) Covers recreation park and beach services, and yoga services.

11. TRANSPORT SERVICES
A. Maritime transport services International transport (freight and passengers) (CPC 7211 and 7212) (64)	(1) Liner Shipping, Bulk, tramp and other international shipping, including international passenger transportation: None (2) None (3) a) Establishment of registered company for the purpose of operating a fleet under the national flag of Australia: None b) Other forms of commercial presence for the supply of international maritime transport services (as defined in Note on Maritime Transport Services): None
Maritime auxiliary services - International rental of vessels with crew (65) (as defined in Note on Maritime Transport Services)	(1) None (2) None (3) None
- Maritime cargo handling services (as described in Note on Maritime Transport Services)	(1) Unbound* (2) None (3) None, except licences or concessions are granted by port authorities. Public utility concession or licensing procedures may apply in the case of the occupation of the public domain for the conduct of these activities.
- Storage and warehousing services (CPC 742)	(1) Unbound* (2) None (3) None
- Maritime freight forwarding services (as defined in Note on Maritime Transport Services)	(1) None (2) None (3) None
- Customs clearance services (as described in Note on Maritime Transport Services)	(1) Unbound* (2) None (3) None
- Pre-shipment inspection (as defined in Note on Maritime Transport Services) - Maritime agency services (as described in Note on Maritime Transport Services)	(1) None (2) None (3) None

(64) For greater certainty, this excludes maritime cabotage and offshore transport services in accordance with Entry 12 of this List.

(65) For greater certainty, this excludes maritime cabotage and offshore transport services in accordance with Entry 12 of this List.

C. Air Transport Services
d) Aircraft repair and maintenance services (CPC 8868**) (66)	(1) Unbound* (2) None (3) None
- Ground handling services (67)	(1) Unbound* (2) None (3) None
- Airport operation services (68)	(1) Unbound* (2) None (3) None
- Selling and marketing of air transport services (69)	(1) None, except: a) Commercial presence required for services covered by Travel agencies and tour operator services (CPC 7471) b) Retailing services (CPC 631, 63212, 6322-6325, 6329, 61112, 6113, 6121) are unbound except for mail order (2) None (3) None
- Computer reservation systems (CPC 7523**) (70)	(1) None (2) None (3) None

(66) This covers establishments mainly engaged in periodic maintenance and repair (routine and emergency) of airframes (including wings, doors, control surfaces) avionics, engines and engine components, hydraulics, pressurisation and electrical systems and landing gear. Includes painting, other fuselage surface treatments and repair of flight-deck (and other) transparencies. Further includes rotary and glider aircraft.

(67) Covers the supply at an airport, on a fee or contract basis, of the following: airline representation, administration and supervision; passenger handling; baggage handling; ramp services; catering (except the preparation of the food); air cargo and mail handling; fuelling of an aircraft; aircraft servicing and cleaning; surface transport; and flight operations, crew administration and flight planning. Ground handling services do not include self-handling; security; line maintenance; aircraft repair and maintenance; or management or operation of essential centralised airport infrastructure such as de-icing facilities, fuel distribution systems, baggage handling systems, and fixed intra-airport transport systems.

(68) Covers the supply of air terminal, airfield and other airport infrastructure operation services on a fee or contract basis. Airport operation services do not include air navigation services.

(69) This commitment confirms, without extending, the application to air transport services of the specific commitments made elsewhere in this Appendix in the following sections, subject to all limitations, exceptions and qualifications set out in those sections: Travel agencies and tour operator services (CPC7471); Market research and public opinion polling services (CPC 864); Advertising services (CPC 87110, 87120**); Distribution: Commission agents’ services (CPC 62113-62118); Wholesale trade services (CPC 6223-6228); Retailing services (CPC 631, 63212, 6322-6325, 6329, 61112, 6113, 6121); and Franchising (CPC 8929). For the purposes of this commitment, “selling and marketing of air transport services” is defined as in subparagraph (k) of Article 8.1 (Definitions), except that the aspects of ‘marketing’ covered by this commitment are limited to market research, advertising and distribution.

(70) Activities of establishments engaged in providing and maintaining computer reservation to other enterprises engaged in the provision of travel agency services, including transport and accommodation booking, tour and travel wholesaling/retailing – to establishments engaged in providing reservation services (such as travel agencies). Computer reservation systems services related to air carriers include the provision of information on air carrier schedules, space availability and tariffs.

E. Rail Transport Services
b) Freight transportation (CPC 7112); c) Pushing and towing services (CPC 7113); and e) Supporting services for rail transport services (CPC743).	(1) None (2) None (3) Below track: most rail-track networks in Australia are government-owned although much is leased to private operators. There are no restrictions on the right to establish new networks but access to public land may not be guaranteed. Above track (rail transport services (such as trains) that operate over the rail-track infrastructure): none except that access to rail infrastructure is allocated under pro-competitive principles for safety, efficiency and the long term interests of users.
F. Road Transport Services
a) Passenger transportation (CPC 71213, 71214, 7122) (71)	(1) Unbound (2) None (3) None
b) Freight transportation (CPC 7123) c) Rental of commercial vehicles with operator (CPC 7124)	(1) None (2) None (3) None
G. Pipeline Transport Services
a) Transportation of fuels (CPC 7131) b) Transportation of other goods (CPC 7139)	(1) None (2) None (3) None
H. Services auxiliary to all modes of transport
a) Cargo-handling services in relation to rail, road and air transport only (CPC 741**) (72) b) Storage and warehouse services (CPC 742 excluding maritime) (73)	(1) Unbound* (2) None (3) None
c) Freight transport agency services (CPC 748 excluding maritime) (74) d) Other supporting and auxiliary transport services (CPC 749 excluding maritime) (75)	(1) None (2) None (3) None

(71) Does not include regular urban bus services.

(72) Note also that maritime cargo handling services are dealt with under ‘Maritime Services’.

(73) Australia’s commitment in relation to these services extends to cover the following services in addition to those listed in CPC 742: distribution centre services and materials handling and equipment services such as container station and depot services (excluding maritime).

(74) Australia’s commitment in relation to these services extends to cover the following services in addition to those listed in CPC 748: customs agency services and load scheduling services (excluding maritime).

(75) Australia’s commitment in relation to these services extends to cover the following services in addition to those listed under CPC 749: container leasing and rental services (excluding maritime).

Note on Maritime Transport Services

Definitions

1. Multimodal Transport Operator: the person on whose behalf the bill of lading/multimodal document evidencing a contract of multimodal carriage of goods is issued and who is responsible for the carriage of goods pursuant to the contract of carriage.

2. Other Forms of Commercial Presence for the Supply of International Maritime Transport Services: for the purposes of this Appendix, means the ability for international maritime transport service suppliers of other Parties to undertake locally all activities which are necessary for the supply to their customers of a partially or fully integrated transport service, within which the maritime transport constitutes a substantial element. This commitment shall not be construed as limiting in any manner the commitments undertaken under the cross-border mode of delivery.

These activities include:

 marketing and sales of maritime transport and related services through direct contact with customers, from quotation to invoicing, these services being those operated or offered by the service supplier itself or by service suppliers with which the service seller has established standing business arrangements;

 the acquisition, on their own account or on behalf of their customers (and the resale to their customers) of any transport and related services, including inward transport services by any mode, particularly inland waterways, road and rail, necessary for the supply of the integrated service;

 the preparation of documentation concerning transport documents, customs documents, or other documents related to the origin and character of the goods transported;

 the provision of business information by any means, including computerised information systems and electronic data interchange (subject to the provisions of the Annex on Telecommunications of GATS);

 the setting up of any business arrangements (including participation in the stock of a company) and the appointment of personnel recruited locally (or, in the case of foreign personnel, subject to Australia’s commitments listed in Annex IV (Schedule of Specific Commitments on Temporary Movement of Natural Persons)) with any locally established shipping agency; and

 acting on behalf of the companies, organising the call of the ship or taking over cargoes when required.

3. International Rental of Vessels with Crew: rental or leasing services of all types of sea-going vessels with crew (such as tankers, bulk dry cargo vessels, cargo and freight vessels) for the purpose of international trade.

4. Maritime Cargo Handling Services: activities exercised by stevedore companies, including terminal operators, but not including the direct activities of dockers, when this workforce is organised independently of the stevedoring of terminal operator companies. The activities covered include the organisation and supervision of: the loading or discharging of cargo to or from a ship; the lashing or unlashing of cargo; and, the reception or delivery and safekeeping of cargoes in the wharf area before shipment or after discharge.

The organisation and supervision includes the arrangements for (1) engaging skilled labour (dockers), (2) using all the necessary equipment for on-board or shore use and the appropriate storage space, whether by ownership, rental or otherwise, (3) the checking of parcels and markings, the weighing and measuring of cargo (upon request of the owner), and (4) the administrative duties as well as the responsibility related to the services.

Container terminal operators can furthermore be appointed for stuffing/stripping containers and e.g. the survey and supply of electricity to containers.

5. Maritime Freight Forwarding Services: the organisation and monitoring of shipment operations on behalf of shippers, through the acquisition of transport and related services, preparation of documentation and provision of business information.

6. Customs Clearance Services: activities consisting in carrying out on behalf of another Party customs formalities concerning import, export or through-transport of cargoes, whether this is the main activity of the service provider or a usual complement of its main activity.

7. Pre-shipment Inspection: all services performed on a fee or contract basis involved in the verification of the quality, quantity, price (including currency exchange rate and financial terms), or the customs classification of goods to be exported. Does not include customs or quarantine inspection.

8. Maritime Agency Services: activities consisting in representing, within a given geographic area, as an agent, the business interests of one or more shipping line or shipping companies, for the following purposes:  marketing and sales of maritime transport and related services, from quotation to invoicing, and issuance of bills of lading on behalf of the companies; acquisition and resale of the necessary related services, preparation of documentation, and provision of business information; and  acting on behalf of the companies organising the call of the ship or taking over cargoes when required.

Type	Agreements	Date of signature	Date of entry in force
IT_OVERLAP	Australia - Philippines BIT (1995)	25 / Jan / 1995	08 / Dec / 1995
IT_OVERLAP	China - Viet Nam BIT (1992)	02 / Dec / 1992	01 / Sep / 1993
IT_OVERLAP	Japan - Myanmar BIT (2013)	15 / Dec / 2013	07 / Aug / 2014
IT_OVERLAP	China - Singapore FTA (2008)	23 / Oct / 2008	01 / Jan / 2009
IT_OVERLAP	Cambodia - Korea, Republic of FTA (2021)	26 / Oct / 2021	01 / Dec / 2022
IT_OVERLAP	China - Philippines BIT (1992)	20 / Jul / 1992	08 / Sep / 1995
IT_OVERLAP	Japan - Lao People's Democratic Republic BIT (2008)	16 / Jan / 2008	03 / Aug / 2008
IT_OVERLAP	Indonesia - Korea, Republic of BIT (1991)	16 / Feb / 1991	10 / Mar / 1994
IT_OVERLAP	Framework Agreement on the BIMST-EC Free Trade Area (2004)	08 / Feb / 2004	30 / Jun / 2004
IT_OVERLAP	Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) (2023)
IT_OVERLAP	Indonesia - Japan FCN (1961)	01 / Jul / 1961	01 / Jul / 1961
IT_OVERLAP	Korea, Republic of - Viet Nam BIT (1993)	13 / May / 1993	04 / Sep / 1993
IT_OVERLAP	Japan - Thailand EPA (2007)	03 / Apr / 2007	01 / Nov / 2007
IT_OVERLAP	Australia - Malaysia FTA (2012)	22 / May / 2012	01 / Jan / 2013
IT_OVERLAP	Korea, Republic of - Viet Nam FTA (2015)	05 / May / 2015	20 / Dec / 2015
IT_OVERLAP	Australia - Japan EPA (2014)	08 / Jul / 2014	15 / Jan / 2015
IT_OVERLAP	Australia - Singapore FTA (2003)	17 / Feb / 2003	28 / Jul / 2003
IT_OVERLAP	China - Japan BIT (1988)	27 / Aug / 1988	14 / May / 1989
IT_OVERLAP	Cambodia - Japan BIT (2007)	14 / Jun / 2007	31 / Jul / 2008
IT_OVERLAP	ASEAN - Japan FTA (2008)	14 / Apr / 2008	01 / Dec / 2008
IT_OVERLAP	Japan - Philippines EPA (2006)	09 / Sep / 2006	11 / Dec / 2008
IT_OVERLAP	ASEAN - Korea, Republic of Investment Agreement (2009)	02 / Jun / 2009	01 / Sep / 2009
IT_OVERLAP	Investment Facilitation for Development (2024)
IT_OVERLAP	Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA) Framework Agreement on Investment (2009)	15 / Dec / 2009	06 / Apr / 2011
IT_OVERLAP	Trans - Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership (TPSEP) (2005)	18 / Jul / 2005	28 / May / 2006
IT_OVERLAP	Korea, Republic of - Singapore FTA (2005)	04 / Aug / 2005	02 / Mar / 2006
IT_OVERLAP	Australia - Indonesia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (2019)	04 / Mar / 2019	05 / Jul / 2020
IT_OVERLAP	Australia - Indonesia BIT (1992)	17 / Nov / 1992	29 / Jul / 1993
IT_OVERLAP	China - Myanmar BIT (2001)	12 / Dec / 2001	21 / May / 2002
IT_OVERLAP	China - Indonesia BIT (1994)	18 / Nov / 1994	01 / Apr / 1995
IT_OVERLAP	China - Korea, Republic FTA (2015)	01 / Jun / 2015	20 / Dec / 2015
IT_OVERLAP	Australia - China BIT (1988)	11 / Jul / 1988	11 / Jul / 1988
IT_OVERLAP	Japan - Philippines Treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation (1979)	10 / May / 1979	20 / Jul / 1980
IT_OVERLAP	Australia - Korea, Republic of FTA (2014)	08 / Apr / 2014	12 / Dec / 2014
IT_OVERLAP	New Zealand - Singapore CEPA (2019)	17 / May / 2019	01 / Jan / 2020
IT_OVERLAP	China - New Zealand BIT (1988)	22 / Nov / 1988	25 / Mar / 1989
IT_OVERLAP	Korea, Republic of - Malaysia BIT (1988)	11 / Apr / 1988	31 / Mar / 1989
IT_OVERLAP	Australia - China FTA (2015)	17 / Jun / 2015	20 / Dec / 2015
IT_OVERLAP	Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC) Investment Agreement (1981)	05 / Jun / 1981	23 / Sep / 1986
IT_OVERLAP	Brunei Darussalam - China BIT (2000)	17 / Nov / 2000
IT_OVERLAP	China - Singapore BIT (1985)	21 / Nov / 1985	07 / Feb / 1986
IT_OVERLAP	New Zealand - Singapore CEPA (2000)	14 / Nov / 2000	01 / Jan / 2001
IT_OVERLAP	Japan - Viet Nam BIT (2003)	14 / Nov / 2003	19 / Dec / 2004
IT_OVERLAP	China - Japan - Korea, Republic of Trilateral Investment Agreement (2012)	13 / May / 2012	17 / May / 2014
IT_OVERLAP	Australia - Japan Treaty of Friendship and Co-Operation (1976)	16 / Jun / 1976	21 / Aug / 1977
IT_OVERLAP	China - Thailand BIT (1985)	12 / Mar / 1985	13 / Dec / 1985
IT_OVERLAP	Indonesia - Korea, Republic of CEPA (2020)	18 / Dec / 2020	01 / Jan / 2023
IT_OVERLAP	Korea, Republic of - Viet Nam BIT (2003)	15 / Sep / 2003	05 / Jun / 2004
IT_OVERLAP	Cambodia - Korea, Republic of BIT (1997)	10 / Feb / 1997	12 / Mar / 1997
IT_OVERLAP	Brunei Darussalam - Korea, Republic of BIT (2000)	14 / Nov / 2000	30 / Oct / 2003
IT_OVERLAP	ASEAN - Australia - New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (2009)	27 / Feb / 2009	10 / Jan / 2010
IT_OVERLAP	Indonesia - Japan EPA (2007)	20 / Aug / 2007	01 / Jul / 2008
IT_OVERLAP	Australia - Viet Nam BIT (1991)	05 / Mar / 1991	11 / Sep / 1991
IT_OVERLAP	Japan - Viet Nam EPA (2008)	25 / Dec / 2008	01 / Oct / 2009
IT_OVERLAP	Japan - Singapore New-Age Economic Partnership (2002)	13 / Jan / 2002	13 / Jan / 2002
IT_OVERLAP	China - Korea, Republic of BIT (1992)	30 / Sep / 1992	04 / Dec / 1992
IT_OVERLAP	Korea, Republic of - Philippines BIT (1994)	07 / Apr / 1994	25 / Sep / 1996
IT_OVERLAP	Cambodia - China FTA (2020)	12 / Oct / 2020	01 / Jan / 2022
IT_OVERLAP	China - Malaysia BIT (1988)	21 / Nov / 1988	31 / Mar / 1990
IT_OVERLAP	Australia - New Zealand Investment Protocol (2011)	16 / Feb / 2011	01 / Mar / 2013
IT_OVERLAP	Japan - Korea, Republic of BIT (2002)	22 / Mar / 2002	01 / Jan / 2003
IT_OVERLAP	New Zealand - Thailand EPA (2005)	19 / Apr / 2005	01 / Jul / 2005
IT_OVERLAP	Japan - Philippines FCN (1960)	09 / Dec / 1960	27 / Sep / 1974
IT_OVERLAP	China - Lao People's Democratic Republic BIT (1993)	31 / Jan / 1993	01 / Jun / 1993
IT_OVERLAP	Japan - Malaysia FCN (1960)	10 / May / 1960	10 / May / 1960
IT_OVERLAP	Japan - Malaysia EPA (2005)	13 / Dec / 2005	13 / Jul / 2006
IT_OVERLAP	Australia - Lao People's Democratic Republic BIT (1994)	06 / Apr / 1994	08 / Apr / 1995
IT_OVERLAP	Brunei Darussalam - Japan EPA (2007)	18 / Jun / 2007	31 / Jul / 2008
IT_OVERLAP	China - New Zealand FTA (2008)	07 / Apr / 2008	01 / Oct / 2008
IT_OVERLAP	Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) (2016)	04 / Feb / 2016
IT_OVERLAP	ASEAN - China Investment Agreement (2009)	15 / Aug / 2009	01 / Jan / 2010
IT_OVERLAP	ASEAN - Australia - New Zealand FTA Second Protocol (2023)	21 / Aug / 2023
IT_OVERLAP	Pacific Agreement on Closer Economic Relations (PACER) Plus (2017)	14 / Jun / 2017	13 / Dec / 2020
IT_OVERLAP	Korea, Republic of - Thailand BIT (1989)	24 / Mar / 1989	30 / Sep / 1989
IT_OVERLAP	China - Korea, Republic of BIT (2007)	07 / Sep / 2007	01 / Dec / 2007
IT_OVERLAP	Korea, Republic of - Lao People's Democratic Republic BIT (1996)	15 / May / 1996	14 / Jun / 1996
IT_OVERLAP	Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) (2018)	08 / Mar / 2018	30 / Dec / 2018
IT_OVERLAP	Korea, Republic of - Myanmar BIT (2014)	05 / Jun / 2014
IT_OVERLAP	Cambodia - China BIT (1996)	19 / Jul / 1996	01 / Feb / 2000
IT_OVERLAP	Malaysia - New Zealand FTA (2009)	26 / Oct / 2009	01 / Aug / 2010
IT_OVERLAP	Australia - Thailand FTA (2004)	05 / Jul / 2004	01 / Jan / 2005
IT_OVERLAP	Korea, Republic of - New Zealand FTA (2015)	23 / Mar / 2015	20 / Dec / 2015