- transfer of technology and know-how.
2. Industrial cooperation initiatives shall take into account priorities determined by Romania. The initiatives should seek in particular to establish a suitable framework for undertakings, to improve management know-how and to promote transparency as regards markets and conditions for undertakings, and will include technical assistance where appropriate.
Article 74. Investment Promotion and Protection
1. Cooperation shall aim to establish a favourable climate for private investment, both domestic and foreign, which is essential to economic and industrial reconstruction in Romania.
2. The particular aims of cooperation shall be:
- for Romania to establish and improve a legal framework which favours and protects investment,
- the conclusion by the Member States and Romania of Agreements for the promotion and protection of investment,
- to implement suitable arrangements for the transfer of capital,
- to bring about better investment protection,
- to proceed with deregulation and to improve economic infrastructure,
- to exchange information on investment opportunities in the form of trade fairs, exhibitions, trade weeks and other events.
Article 75.
Agro and industrial standards and conformity assessment
1. The Parties shall cooperate with the aim to reduce differences in the fields of standardization and conformity assessment procedures.
2. To this end, the cooperation shall seek:
- to promote compliance by Romania with Community technical regulations and European standards concerning quality of industrial and agricultural food products,
- to promote the use of Community technical regulations and European standards and conformity assessment procedures,
- where appropriate, to achieve the conclusion of agreements on mutual recognition in these fields,
- to encourage Romania's active and regular participation in the work of specialized organizations (CEN, Cenelec, ETSI, EOTC).
3. The Community will provide Romania with technical assistance where appropriate.
Article 76. Cooperation In Science and Technology
1. The Parties shall promote cooperation in research and technological development activities. They shall devote special attention to the following:
- the exchange of scientific and technical information, including information on each other's science and technology policies and activities,
- the organization of joint scientific meetings (seminars and workshops),
- joint R& D activities aimed at encouraging scientific progress and the transfer of technology and know-how,
- training activities and mobility programmes for researchers and specialists from both sides,
- the development of an environment conducive to research and the application of new technologies and adequate protection of intellectual property of the results of research,
- participation of Romania in the Community programmes in accordance with paragraph 3.
Technical assistance shall be provided where appropriate.
2. The Association Council shall determine the appropriate procedures for developing cooperation.
3. Cooperation under the Community's framework programme in the field of research and technological development shall be implemented according to specific arrangements to be negotiated and concluded in accordance with the legal procedures of each Party.
Article 77. Education and Training
1. The Parties shall cooperate with the aim of raising the level of general education and professional qualifications in Romania, both in public and private sectors, taking into consideration the priorities of Romania. Institutional frameworks and plans of cooperation will be established (starting on the European Training Foundation, when established, and the Tempus programme). Participation of Romania in other Community programmes could also be considered in this context.
2. The cooperation shall focus in particular on the following areas:
- reform of the education and training system in Romania,
- initial training, in-service training and retraining, including the training of public and private sector executives and senior civil servants, particularly in priority areas to be determined,
- cooperation between universities, cooperation between universities and firms, and mobility for teachers, students, administrators and young people,
- promoting teaching in the field of European Studies within the appropriate institutions,
- mutual recognition of periods of studies and diplomas,
- teaching Community languages,
- training translators and interpreters and promoting the use of Community linguistic norms and terminology and developing an appropriate infrastructure for translation between Romanian and the Community languages,
- development of distant education and new training technologies,
- granting scholarships and fellowships,
- provision of training materials and equipment.
In order to promote integration of Romania with the Community level of education, establishments and the research institutions as stated in Article 76, the Community shall take appropriate measures to facilitate Romania's participation in the activities of these institutions as well as establishment of their filials in Romania. The objectives of the abovementioned establishments should concentrate on educating, scholars, professionals and public servants to be involved in the process of European integration and cooperation with the Community institutions.
Article 78. Agriculture and the Agro-industrial Sector
1. Cooperation in this area shall have as its aim the modernization, restructuring and privatization of agriculture and the agro-industrial sector in Romania. It shall endeavour notably to:
- develop private farms and distribution channels, methods of storage, marketing, management etc.,
- modernize the rural infrastructure (transport, water supply, telecommunications),
- improve agricultural land-use planning, including construction and urban planning,
- improve productivity, quality and efficiency by using appropriate methods and products; provide training and monitoring in the use of anti-pollution methods connected with inputs,
- promote complementarity in agriculture,
- promote the exchange of know-how, particularly between the private sectors in the Community and Romania,
- develop and modernize processing firms and their marketing techniques,
- develop cooperation on animal health, agrifood health (including ionization) and plant health with the aim of bringing about gradual harmonization with Community standards through assistance for training and the organization of checks,
- establish and promote effective cooperation on agriculture information systems,
- develop and promote effective cooperation on quality assurance systems compatible with the Community models,
- exchange of information in respect of agricultural and legislation policy,
- provide technical assistance and transfer of know-how to Romania concerning the system of milk supply to schools.
2. To these ends, technical assistance shall be provided by the Community as appropriate.
Article 79. Energy
1. Within the framework of the principles of the market economy and the European Energy Charter, the Parties shall cooperate to develop the progressive integration of the energy markets in Europe.
2. Cooperation shall include inter alia technical assistance when appropriate in the following areas:
- formulation and planning of energy policy,
- management and training for the energy sector,
- the promotion of energy saving and energy efficiency,
- the development of energy resources,
- improvement of distribution as well as improvement and diversification of supply,
- the environmental impact of energy production and consumption,
- the nuclear energy sector,
- opening up the energy market to a greater degree, including facilitating transit of gas and electricity,
- the electricity and gas sectors, including the consideration of the possibility of the interconnection of the supply networks,
- modernization of energy infrastructures,
- the formulation of framework conditions for cooperation between undertakings in this sector, which could include the encouragement of joint-ventures,
- the transfer of technology and know-how, which may include if appropriate the promotion and commercialization of efficient energy technologies.
Article 80. Cooperation In the Nuclear Sector
1. The aim of cooperation is to provide for a safer use of nuclear energy.
2. Cooperation shall mainly cover the following topics:
- industrial measures for the operational safety of Romanian nuclear power plants,
- upgrading training of management and other personnel of nuclear installations,
- upgrading Romania's laws and regulations on nuclear safety and strengthening the supervisory authorities and their resources,
- nuclear safety, nuclear emergency preparedness and management,
- radiation protection, including environmental radiation monitoring,
- fuel cycle problems and safeguarding of nuclear materials,
- radioactive waste management,
- decommissioning and dismantling of nuclear installations,
- decontamination.
3. Cooperation will include exchange of information and experience and R& D activities in accordance with Article 76.
Article 81. Environment
1. The Parties shall develop and strengthen their cooperation on environment and human health, which they have judged to be a priority.
2. Cooperation shall aim at combating the deterioration of the environment and in particular:
- effective monitoring of pollution levels; system of information on the state of the environnement,
- combating local, regional and transboundary air and water pollution,
- ecological restoration,
- sustainable, efficient and environmentally effective production and use of energy; safety of industrial plants,
- classification and safe handling of chemicals,
- water quality, particularly of cross-border waterways (the Danube, Black Sea),
- waste reduction, recycling and safe disposal, implementation of the Basle Convention,
- the environmental impact of agriculture, soil erosion, and chemical pollution,
- the protection of forests,
- the conservation of biodiversity,
- land-use planning, including construction and urban planning,
- use of economic and fiscal instruments,
- global climate change,
- environmental education and awareness.
3. Cooperation shall take place particularly through:
- exchange of information and experts, including information and experts dealing with the transfer of clean technologies and the safe and environmentally sound use of biotechnologies,
- training programmes,
- joint research activities,
- approximation of laws (Community standards),
- cooperation at regional level (including cooperation within the framework of the European Environment Agency when established by the Community) and at international level,
- development of strategies, particularly with regard to global and climatic issues,
- environmental impact studies.
Article 86. Water Management
The Parties shall develop cooperation in various fields of water management with special regard to:
- environment-friendly utilization of the water of trans-boundary watershed and cross-boundary rivers and lakes,
- harmonization of regulations concerning water management, and means of technical water regulation (directives, limits, standards, normatives, logistics),
- modernization of research and development (R& D) and scientific basis of water management.
Article 83. Transport
1. The Parties shall develop and strengthen their cooperation so as to enable Romania to
- restructure and modernize transport,
- improve the movement of passengers and goods and the access to the transport market by removing administrative, technical and other obstacles,
- facilitate Community transit through Romania by road, rail, inland waterway and combined transport,
- achieve operating standards comparable to those in the Community.
2. Cooperation shall include the following in particular:
- economic, legal and technical training programmes,
- the provision of technical assistance and advice, and the exchange of information,
- the provision of means to develop transport infrastructure in Romania.
3. Cooperation shall include the following priority areas:
- the construction and modernization of road transport, including the gradual easing of transit conditions,
- the management of railways and airports, including cooperation between the appropriate national authorities,
- the modernization, on major routes of common interest and trans-European links, of road, inland waterway, railway, port and airport infrastructure,
- land use planning including construction and urban planning connected to transport,
- the upgrading of technical equipment to meet Community standards, particularly in the fields of road and rail transport, multimodal transport and transhipment,
- the setting up of consistent transport policies compatible with those applicable in the Community,
- the promotion of joint technological and research programmes in accordance with Article 76.
Article 84. Telecommunications, Postal Services and Broadcasting
1. The Parties shall expand and strengthen cooperation in this area, and shall to this end initiate notably the following actions:
- exchange information on telecommunications, postal services and broadcasting policies,
- exchange technical and other information and organize seminars, workshops and conferences for experts of both sides,
- conduct training and advisory operations,
- carry out transfers of technology,
- have the appropriate bodies form both sides carry out joint projects,
- promote European standards, systems of certification and regulatory approaches,
- promote new communications facilities, services and installations, particularly those with commercial applications.
2. These activities shall focus on the following priority areas:
- the modernization of Romania's telecommunications network and its integration into European and world networks,
- cooperation within the structures of European standardization,
- the integration of trans-European systems; the legal and regulatory aspects of telecommunications,
- the management of telecommunications, postal and broadcasting services in the new economic environment: organizational structures, strategy and planning, purchasing principles,