Management consulting services
(CPC 865)
Contractual service suppliers:
In BE, DE, EE, EL, ES, FI, FR, HR, IE, IT, LV, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, SI, SE: None.
In AT, BG, CZ, HU, MT, RO, SK: Economic needs test.
In DK: Economic needs test, except for stays of contractual service suppliers of up to 3 (three) months.
In LT, CY : Unbound.
Independent professionals:
In DE, EE, EL, FI, FR, IE, LV, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, SI, SE: None.
In AT, BE, BG, CZ, DK, ES, HR, HU, IT, MT, RO, SK: Economic needs test.
In LT, CY: Unbound.
Services related to management consulting
(CPC 866)
Contractual service suppliers:
In BE, DE, EE, EL, ES, FI, FR, HR, IE, IT, LV, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, SI, SE: None.
In AT, BG, CZ, MT, RO, SK: Economic needs test.
In DK: Economic needs test, except for stays of contractual service suppliers of up to 3 (three) months.
In HU: Economic needs test, except for arbitration and conciliation services (CPC 86602), which is unbound.
In CY, LT: Unbound.
Independent professionals:
In BE, DE, EE, EL, ES, FI, FR, HR, IE, IT, LV, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, SI, SE: None.
In AT, BG, CZ, MT, RO, SK: Economic needs test.
In DK: Economic needs test, except for stays of contractual service suppliers of up to 3 (three) months.
In HU: Economic needs test, except for arbitration and conciliation services (CPC 86602), which is unbound.
In CY, LT: Unbound.
Technical testing and analysis services
(CPC 8676)
Contractual service suppliers:
In BE, DE, EE, EL, ES, FR, HR, IE, IT, LU, NL, PL, SI, SE: None.
In AT, BG, FI, HU, MT, PT, RO: Economic needs test.
In DK: Economic needs test, except for stays of contractual service suppliers of up to 3 (three) months
In CY, CZ, LT, LV, SK: Unbound.
Independent professionals:
EU: Unbound.
Related scientific and technical consulting services
(CPC 8675)
Contractual service suppliers:
In BE, EE, EL, ES, HR, IE, IT, LU, NL, PL, SI, SE: None.
In AT, CZ,CY, DE, DK, FI, HU, LT, LV, MT, PT, RO, SK: Economic needs test.
In DE: None, except for publicly appointed surveyors, which is unbound.
In FI: The natural person must demonstrate that they possess special knowledge relevant to the service being supplied.
In FR: None, except for surveying operations relating to the establishment of property rights and to land law, which is unbound.
In BG: Unbound.
Independent professionals:
EU: Unbound.
Maintenance and repair of metal products, of (non office) machinery, of (non transport and non office) equipment and of personal and household goods 122
(CPC 633, CPC 7545, CPC 8861, CPC 8862, CPC 8864, CPC 8865 and CPC 8866)
Contractual service suppliers:
In BE, EE, EL, ES, FR, HR, IT, LV, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, SI, SE: None.
In BG, CZ, CY, DE, DK, HU, IE, LT, RO, SK: Economic needs test.
In AT, FI: Unbound, except in the context of an after-sales or after-lease contract, for which there is an economic needs test.
Independent professionals:
EU: Unbound.
Translation services
(CPC 87905, excluding official or certified activities)
Contractual service suppliers:
In BE, DE, EE, EL, ES, FR, HR, IT, LU, NL, PT, SI, SE: None.
In AT, BG, CZ, DK, FI, HU, IE, LV, MT, PL, RO, SK: Economic needs test.
In CY, LT: Unbound.
In DK: Authorised public translators and interpreters: residence requirement unless waived by the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency.
In FI: Residency requirement for certified translators.
Independent professionals:
In DE, EE, FR, LU, NL, PT, SI, SE: None.
In AT, BE, BG, CZ, DK, EL, ES, FI, HU, IE, IT, MT, PL, RO, SK: Economic needs test.
In CY, HR, LT, LV: Unbound.
In DK: Authorised public translators and interpreters: residence requirement unless waived by the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency.
In FI: Residency requirement for certified translators.
Construction work
(CPC 51)
Contractual service suppliers:
EU, except in FR, NL: Unbound.
In FR: Economic needs test. Work permit is delivered for a period not exceeding 6 (six) months.
In NL: None.
Independent professionals:
EU: Unbound.
Site investigation work
(CPC 5111)
Contractual service suppliers:
In BE, DE, EE, EL, ES, FR, HR, IE, IT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, SI, SE: None.
In CZ,CY, HU, LT, LV, RO, SK: Economic needs test.
In DK: Economic needs test, except for stays of contractual service suppliers of up to 3 (three) months.
In AT, BG, FI: Unbound.
Independent professionals:
EU: Unbound.
Higher education services
(CPC 923)
Contractual service suppliers:
EU, except in LU: Unbound.
In LU: Unbound except concerning the temporary entry of professors, for which: none.
Independent professionals:
EU: Unbound.
Environmental services
(CPC 9401 123 , CPC 9402, CPC 9403, CPC 9404 124 , part of CPC 94060 125 , CPC 9405, part of CPC 9406, CPC 9409)
Contractual service suppliers:
In BE, EE, ES, FI, FR, HR, IE, IT, LU, NL, PL, PT, SI, SE: None.
In AT, BG, CZ, DE, DK, EL, HU, LV, MT, RO, SK: Economic needs test.
In CY, LT: Unbound.
In SK: Residency requirement for processing and recycling of used batteries and accumulators, waste oils, used cars and electric and electronic equipment.
Independent professionals:
EU: Unbound.
Travel agencies and tour operators services (including tour managers 126 )
(CPC 7471)
Contractual service suppliers:
In AT, CZ, DE, EE, ES, FR, IT, LU, NL, PL, SI, SE: None.
In BG, EL, FI, HU, LT, LV, MT, PT, RO, SK: Economic needs test.
In DK: Economic needs test, except for stays of contractual service suppliers of up to 3 (three) months.
In BE, IE: Unbound, except for tour managers (persons whose function is to accompany a tour group of a minimum of 10 (ten) persons, without acting as guides in specific locations), for which there is: none.
In HR: Residency requirement.
In CY: Unbound.
Independent professionals:
EU: Unbound.
Entertainment services other than audiovisual services (including theatre, live bands, circus and discotheque services)
(CPC 9619)
Contractual service suppliers:
In EU, except BE, DE, FR: Economic needs test.
In BE, DE, FR: Unbound.
In SI: Duration of stay is limited to 7 (seven) days per event. For circus and amusement park services, duration of stay is limited to a maximum of 30 (thirty) days per calendar year.
Independent professionals:
EU: Unbound.
________________
(1) The Bulgarian property law recognises the following limited property rights: right to use, right to build, right to raise a superstructure and servitudes.(2) As regards services sectors, these limitations do not go beyond the limitations reflected in the existing GATS commitments.(3) According to the Law on Commercial Companies, a branch established in SI is not considered a juridical person, but as regards its operation, its treatment is equal to that of a subsidiary, which is in line with Article XXVIII paragraph (g) of GATS.(4) It includes legal advisory services, legal representational services, legal arbitration and conciliation or mediation services, and legal documentation and certification services. Provision of legal services is only authorised in respect of public international law, EU law and the law of any jurisdiction where the service supplier or its personnel is qualified to practise as a lawyer, and, like the provision of other services, is subject to licensing requirements and procedures applicable in the Member States of the European Union. For lawyers providing legal services in respect of public international law and foreign law, these licensing requirements and procedures may take, for example, the form of compliance with local codes of ethics, use of home title (unless recognition with the host title has been obtained), insurance requirements, simple registration with the host country Bar or a simplified admission to the host country Bar through an aptitude test and a legal or professional domicile in the host country. Legal services in respect of EU law shall in principle be carried out by or through a fully qualified lawyer admitted to the Bar in a Member State of the European Union acting personally, and legal services in respect of the law of a Member State of the European Union shall in principle be carried out by or through a fully qualified lawyer admitted to the Bar in that Member State of the European Union acting personally. Full admission to the Bar in the relevant Member State of the European Union might therefore be necessary for representation before courts and other competent authorities in the European Union since it involves practice of EU and national procedural law. However, in some Member States of the European Union, foreign lawyers not fully admitted to the Bar are allowed to represent in civil proceedings a party being a national of or belonging to the State in which the lawyer is entitled to practise.(5) Does not include legal advisory and legal representational services on tax matters, which are to be found under 1.A.a) Legal services.(6) The supply of pharmaceuticals to the general public, like the provision of other services, is subject to licensing and qualification requirements and procedures applicable in the Member States of the European Union. As a general rule, this activity is reserved to pharmacists. In some Member States of the European Union, only the supply of prescription drugs is reserved to pharmacists.(7) Part of CPC 85201, which is to be found under 1.A.h) Medical (including psychologists) and dental services.(8) The service involved relates to the profession of real estate agent and does not affect any rights or restrictions on natural and juridical persons purchasing real estate.(9) Maintenance and repair services of transport equipment (CPC 6112, 6122, 8867 and 8868) are to be found under 1. F. l) 1. Maintenance and repair of vessels to 1. F. l) 4 Maintenance and repair of aircraft and parts thereof. Maintenance and repair services of office machinery and equipment including computers (CPC 845) are to be found under 1.B. Computer and related Services.(10) Does not include printing services, which fall under CPC 88442 and are to be found under 1.F. p) Printing and publishing.(11) "Handling" refers to activities such as clearance, sorting, transport and delivery.(12) "Postal item" refers to items handled by any type of commercial operator, whether public or private.(13) For example, letters and postcards.(14) Books and catalogues are included hereunder.(15) Journals, newspapers and periodicals.(16) Express delivery services may include, in addition to greater speed and reliability, value added elements such as collection from point of origin, personal delivery to addressee, tracing and tracking, possibility of changing the destination and addressee in transit and confirmation of receipt.(17) Provision of means, including the supply of ad hoc premises as well as transportation by a third party, allowing self-delivery by mutual exchange of postal items between users subscribing to this service. "Postal item" refers to items handled by any type of commercial operator, whether public or private.(18) "Items of correspondence" means a communication in written form on any kind of physical medium to be conveyed and delivered at the address indicated by the sender on the item itself or on its wrapping. Books, catalogues, newspapers and periodicals are not regarded as items of correspondence.(19) Transportation of postal and courier items on own account by any land mode.(20) Transportation of mail on own account by air.(21) These services do not include online information or data processing (including transaction processing) (part of CPC 843) which is to be found under 1.B. Computer and related services.(22) "Broadcasting" is defined as radio communication in which transmissions are intended for direct reception by the general public and may include sound transmission and television transmission.(23) These services, which include CPC 62271, are to be found in 14.D Wholesale trade services of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels and related products and wholesale trade services of electricity, steam and hot water.(24) Does not include maintenance and repair services, which are to be found in reservations 1.B Computer and related services and 1.F.l) 1. Maintenance and repair of vessels to 1. F. l) 4 Maintenance and repair of aircraft and parts thereof.Does not include retailing services of energy products which are to be found in 14.E Retailing services of motor fuel and 14.F Retail sales of fuel oil, bottled gas, coal and wood and retailing services of electricity, (non-bottled) gas, steam and hot water.(25) Retail sales of pharmaceutical, medical and orthopaedic goods are to be found under Professional services in 1.A.k) Retail sales of pharmaceuticals and retail sales of medical and orthopaedical goods and other services supplied by pharmacists. For greater certainty, Hungary's commitment for mode 1 in CPC 63211 under distributions services is "none", whereas it is "unbound" for CPC 63211 as committed under professional services.(26) Corresponds to sewage services.(27) Corresponds to cleaning services of exhaust gases.(28) Corresponds to parts of nature and landscape protection services.(29) Catering in air transport services is to be found in Services auxiliary to transport under 12.E.a) Ground-handling services (including catering services).(30) Without prejudice to the scope of activities which may be considered as cabotage under the relevant national legislation, this list does not include national cabotage transport, which is assumed to cover transportation of passengers or goods between a port or point located in a Member State of the European Union and another port or point located in the same Member State of the European Union, including on its continental shelf as provided in the UNCLOS and traffic originating and terminating in the same port or point located in a Member State of the European Union.(31) Without prejudice to the scope of activities which may be considered as cabotage under the relevant national legislation, this list does not include national cabotage transport, which is assumed to cover transportation of passengers or goods between a port or point located in a Member State of the European Union and another port or point located in the same Member State of European Union, including on its continental shelf as provided in the UNCLOS and traffic originating and terminating in the same port or point located in a Member State of the European Union.(32) Part of CPC 71235, which is to be found in Communication services under 2.A. Postal and courier services.(33) Pipeline transportation of fuels is to be found in Energy services under 14.B.(34) Does not include maintenance and repair services of transport equipment, which are to be found in Business services under 1.F.l) 1. Maintenance and repair of vessels to 1. F. l) 4 Maintenance and repair of aircraft and parts thereof.(35) Services auxiliary to pipeline transportation of fuels are to be found in Energy services under 14.C Storage and warehouse services of fuels transported through pipelines.(36) Includes the following services rendered on a fee or contract basis: advisory and consulting services relating to mining, on-land site preparation, on-land rig installation, drilling, drilling bits services, casing and tubular services, mud engineering and supply, solids control, fishing and downhole special operations, wellsite geology and drilling control, core taking, well testing, wireline services, supply and operation of completion fluids (brines) supply and installation of completion devices, cementing (pressure pumping), stimulation services (fracturing, acidising and pressure pumping), workover and well repair services and plugging and abandoning of wells.Does not include direct access to or exploitation of natural resources.Does not include site preparation work for mining of resources other than oil and gas (CPC 5115), which is to be found under 3. Construction and related engineering services.(37) Therapeutical massages and thermal cure services are to be found in 1.A.h Medical (including psychologists) and dental services and 1.A.j 2. Services provided by nurses, physiotherapists and paramedical personnel. Services provided by nurses, physiotherapists and paramedical personnel and health services are to be found in 8.A Hospital services and 8.C Residential health facilities other than hospital services.(38) The Bulgarian property law recognises the following limited property rights: right to use, right to build, right to raise a superstructure and servitudes.(39) As regards services sectors, these limitations do not go beyond the limitations reflected in the existing GATS commitments.(40) As regards services sectors, these limitations do not go beyond the limitations reflected in the existing GATS commitments.(41) As regards services sectors, these limitations do not go beyond the limitations reflected in the existing GATS commitments.(42) According to the Law on Commercial Companies, a branch established in Slovenia is not considered a juridical person, but as regards its operation, its treatment is equal to that of a subsidiary, which is in line with Article XXVIII paragraph (g) of GATS.(43) Public utilities exist in sectors such as related scientific and technical consulting services, research and development services on social sciences and humanities, technical testing and analysis services, environmental services, health services, transport services and services auxiliary to all modes of transport. Exclusive rights on such services are often granted to private operators, for instance operators with concessions from public authorities, subject to specific service obligations. Given that public utilities often also exist at the sub-central level, detailed and exhaustive sector-specific listing is not practical.(44) This limitation does not apply to telecommunications services and to computer and related services.(45) In accordance with Article 54 of the TFEU, these subsidiaries are considered as juridical persons of the EU. To the extent that they have a continuous and effective link with the economy of the EU, they are beneficiaries of the EU internal market, which includes, among others, the freedom to establish and to provide services in all Member States of the European Union.(46) Total sum of assets, or total sum of debts plus capital.(47) Advisory and consultancy services related to agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing are to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES under 6.F.f) and 6.F.g).(48) Advisory and consultancy services related to agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing are to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES under 6.F.f) and 6.F.g).(49) Advisory and consultancy services related to agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing are to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES under 6.F.f) and 6.F.g).(50) Does not include services incidental to mining rendered on a fee or contract basis at oil and gas fields which are to be found in ENERGY SERVICES under 19.A Services incidental to mining.(51) This sector does not include advisory services incidental to manufacturing, which are to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES under 6.F.h).(52) The sector is limited to manufacturing activities. It does not include activities which are audio-visual-related or present a cultural content.(53) Publishing and printing on a fee or contract basis is to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES under 6.F.p) Printing and publishing.(54) Does not include operation of electricity transmission and distribution systems on a fee or contract basis, which are to be found in ENERGY SERVICES.(55) Does not include transportation of natural gas and gaseous fuels via pipelines, transmission and distribution of gas on a fee or contract basis and sales of natural gas and gaseous fuels, which are to be found in ENERGY SERVICES.(56) Does not include transmission and distribution of steam and hot water on a fee or contract basis and sales of steam and hot water, which are to be found in ENERGY SERVICES.(57) Includes legal advisory services, legal representational services, legal arbitration and conciliation or mediation services, and legal documentation and certification services. Provision of legal services is only authorised in respect of public international law, EU law and the law of any jurisdiction where the service supplier or its personnel is qualified to practice as a lawyer, and, like the provision of other services, is subject to licensing requirements and procedures applicable in the Member States of the European Union. For lawyers providing legal services in respect of public international law and foreign law, these licensing requirements and procedures may take, among others, the form of compliance with local codes of ethics, use of home title (unless recognition with the host title has been obtained), insurance requirements, simple registration with the host country Bar or a simplified admission to the host country Bar through an aptitude test and a legal or professional domicile in the host country. Legal services in respect of EU law shall in principle be carried out by or through a fully qualified lawyer admitted to the Bar in a Member State of the European Union acting personally, and legal services in respect of the law of a Member State of the European Union shall in principle be carried out by or through a fully qualified lawyer admitted to the Bar in that Member State of the European Union acting personally. Full admission to the Bar in the relevant Member State of the European Union might therefore be necessary for representation before courts and other competent authorities in the EU since it involves the practice of EU and national procedural law. However, in some Member States of the European Union, foreign lawyers not fully admitted to the Bar are allowed to represent in civil proceedings a party being a national of or belonging to the State in which the lawyer is entitled to practise.(58) Does not include legal advisory and legal representational services on tax matters, which are to be found under 6..A.a) Legal services.(59) The supply of pharmaceuticals to the general public, like the provision of other services, is subject to licensing and qualification requirements and procedures applicable in the Member States of the European Union. As a general rule, this activity is reserved to pharmacists. In some Member States of the European Union, only the supply of prescription drugs is reserved to pharmacists.(60)
Part of CPC 85201, which is to be found under 6.A.h) Medical (including psychologists) and dental services.
(61) The service involved relates to the profession of real estate agent and does not affect any rights or restrictions on natural and juridical persons purchasing real estate.(62) Maintenance and repair services of transport equipment (CPC 6112, 6122, 8867 and CPC 8868) are to be found under 6.F.l) 1. Maintenance and repair of vessels to 6.F.l) 4. Maintenance and repair of aircraft and parts thereof.Maintenance and repair services of office machinery and equipment including computers (CPC 845) are to be found under 6.B. Computer and related services.(63) Does not include printing services, which fall under CPC 88442 and are to be found under 6.F.p) Printing and publishing.(64) "Handling" refers to activities such as clearance, sorting, transport and delivery.(65) "Postal item" refers to items handled by any type of commercial operator, whether public or private.(66) For example, letters or postcards.(67) Books and catalogues are included hereunder.(68) Journals, newspapers and periodicals.(69) Express delivery services may include, in addition to greater speed and reliability, value added elements such as collection from point of origin, personal delivery to addressee, tracing and tracking, possibility of changing the destination and addressee in transit and confirmation of receipt.(70) Provision of means, including the supply of ad hoc premises as well as transportation by a third party, allowing self-delivery by mutual exchange of postal items between users subscribing to this service. "Postal item" refers to items handled by any type of commercial operator, whether public or private.(71) "Items of correspondence" means a communication in written form on any kind of physical medium to be conveyed and delivered at the address indicated by the sender on the item itself or on its wrapping. Books, catalogues, newspapers and periodicals are not regarded as items of correspondence.(72) Transportation of postal and courier items on own account by any land mode.(73) Transportation of mail on own account by air.(74) These services do not include online information data processing (including transaction processing) (part of CPC 843) which is to be found under 6.B. Computer and related services.(75) "Broadcasting" is defined as radio communication in which transmissions are intended for direct reception by the general public and may include sound transmission and television transmission.(76) These services, which include CPC 62271, are to be found in ENERGY SERVICES under 19.D Wholesale trade services of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels and related products and wholesale trade services of electricity, steam and hot water.(77) Does not include maintenance and repair services, which are to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES under 6.B. Computer and related services and 6.F.l).Does not include retailing services of energy products, which are to be found in ENERGY SERVICES under 19.E. Retailing services of motor fuel and 19. F. Retail sales of fuel oil, bottled gas, coal and wood and retailing services of electricity, (non-bottled) gas, steam and hot water.(78) Retail sales of pharmaceutical, medical and orthopaedic goods are to be found under PROFESSIONAL SERVICES in 6.A.k).(79) Corresponds to sewage services.(80) Corresponds to cleaning services of exhaust gases.(81) Corresponds to parts of nature and landscape protection services.(82) Catering in air transport services is to be found in SERVICES AUXILIARY TO TRANSPORT under 17.E.a) Ground-handling services.(83) Without prejudice to the scope of activities which may be considered as cabotage under the relevant national legislation, the commitments do not include national cabotage transport, which is assumed to cover transportation of passengers or goods between a port or point located in a Member State of the European Union and another port or point located in the same Member State of the European Union, including on its continental shelf as provided in UNCLOS and traffic originating and terminating in the same port or point located in a Member State of the European Union.(84) Without prejudice to the scope of activities which may be considered as cabotage under the relevant national legislation, the commitments do not include national cabotage transport, which is assumed to cover transportation of passengers or goods between a port or point located in a Member State of the European Union and another port or point located in the same Member State, including on its continental shelf as provided in UNCLOS and traffic originating and terminating in the same port or point located in a Member State of the European Union.(85) Part of CPC 71235, which is to be found in COMMUNICATION SERVICES under 7.A. Postal and Courier Services.(86) Pipeline transportation of fuels is to be found in ENERGY SERVICES under 19.B.(87) Does not include maintenance and repair services of transport equipment, which are to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES 6.F.l) 1. Maintenance and repair of vessels to 6.F.l) 4. Maintenance and repair of aircraft and parts thereof.(88) This measure is applied on a non-discriminatory basis.(89) Services auxiliary to pipeline transportation of fuels are to be found in ENERGY SERVICES under 19.C Storage and warehouse services of fuels transported through pipelines.(90) Includes the following services rendered on a fee or contract basis: advisory and consulting services relating to mining, on-land site preparation, on-land rig installation, drilling, drilling bits services, casing and tubular services, mud engineering and supply, solids control, fishing and downhole special operations, wellsite geology and drilling control, core taking, well testing, wireline services, supply and operation of completion fluids (brines) supply and installation of completion devices, cementing (pressure pumping), stimulation services (fracturing, acidising and pressure pumping), workover and well repair services and plugging and abandoning of wells.Does not include direct access to or exploitation of natural resources.Does not include site preparation work for mining of resources other than oil and gas (CPC 5115), which is to be found under 8. CONSTRUCTION AND RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES.(91) Therapeutical massages and thermal cure services are to be found under 6.A.h) Medical and dental services, 6.A.j) 2. Services provided by nurses, physiotherapists and paramedical personnel, and health services (13.A Hospital services and 13.C Residential health facilities other than hospital services).(92) For greater certainty, managers, executives and specialists may be required to demonstrate that they possess the professional qualifications and experience needed in the juridical person to which they are transferred.(93) As regards services sectors, these limitations do not go beyond the limitations reflected in the existing GATS commitments.(94) In order for non-EU country nationals to obtain EU-wide recognition of their qualifications, a mutual recognition agreement, negotiated within the framework defined in Article 18.11, is necessary.(95) Advisory and consultancy services related to agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing are to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES under 6.F.f).(96) Advisory and consultancy services related to agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing are to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES under 6.F.f).(97) Advisory and consultancy services related to agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing are to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES under 6.F.f).(98) The horizontal limitation on public utilities applies.(99) Does not include services incidental to mining rendered on a fee or contract basis at oil and gas fields, which are to be found in ENERGY SERVICES under 19.A.(100) This sector does not include advisory services incidental to manufacturing, which are to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES under 6.F.h).(101) Publishing and printing on a fee or contract basis is to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES under 6.F.p) Printing and Publishing.(102) Includes legal advisory services, legal representational services, legal arbitration and conciliation or mediation services, and legal documentation and certification services. Provision of legal services is only authorised in respect of public international law, EU law and the law of any jurisdiction where the service supplier or its personnel is qualified to practise as a lawyer, and, like the provision of other services, is subject to licensing requirements and procedures applicable in the Member States of the European Union. For lawyers providing legal services in respect of public international law and foreign law, these may take, among others, the form of compliance with local codes of ethics, use of home title (unless recognition with the host title has been obtained), insurance requirements, simple registration with the host country Bar or a simplified admission to the host country Bar through an aptitude test and a legal or professional domicile in the host country. Legal services in respect of EU law shall in principle be carried out by or through a fully qualified lawyer admitted to the Bar in a Member State of the European Union, acting personally, and legal services in respect of the law of a Member State of the European Union shall in principle be carried out by or through a fully qualified lawyer admitted to the Bar in that Member State, acting personally. Full admission to the Bar in the relevant Member State of the European Union might therefore be necessary for representation before courts and other competent authorities in the EU, since it involves practice of EU and national procedural law. However, in some Member States European Union, foreign lawyers not fully admitted to the Bar are allowed to represent in civil proceedings a party being a national of or belonging to the State in which the lawyer is entitled to practise.(103) Does not include legal advisory and legal representational services on tax matters, which are to be found in LEGAL SERVICES under 6.A.a).(104) The supply of pharmaceuticals to the general public, like the provision of other services, is subject to licensing and qualification requirements and procedures applicable in the Member States of the European Union. As a general rule, this activity is reserved to pharmacists. In some Member States, only the supply of prescription drugs is reserved to pharmacists.(105) The service involved relates to the profession of real estate agent and does not affect any rights or restrictions on natural and juridical persons purchasing real estate.(106) Maintenance and repair services of transport equipment (CPC 6112, 6122, 8867 and CPC 8868) are to be found under 6.F.l) 1. Maintenance and repair of vessels to 6.F.l) 3. Maintenance and Repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, snowmobiles and road transport Equipment.(107) Does not include printing services, which fall under CPC 88442 and are to be found under 6.F.p) Printing and Publishing.(108) Does not include maintenance and repair services, which are to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES under 6.F.l) 1, 2, 3 and 5.Does not include retailing services of energy products which are to be found in ENERGY SERVICES under 19.A.(109) Pipeline transportation of fuels is to be found in ENERGY SERVICES under 19.B.(110) Does not include maintenance and repair services of transport equipment, which are to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES under 6.F.l) 1. Maintenance and repair of vessels to 6.F.l) 3. Maintenance and Repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, snowmobiles and road transport Equipment.(111) Services auxiliary to pipeline transportation of fuels are to be found in ENERGY SERVICES under 19.A.(112) Includes the following service rendered on a fee or contract basis: advisory and consulting services relating to mining, on-land site preparation, on-land rig installation, drilling, drilling bits services, casing and tubular services, mud engineering and supply, solids control, fishing and downhole special operations, wellsite geology and drilling control, core taking, well testing, wireline services, supply and operation of completion fluids (brines) supply and installation of completion devices, cementing (pressure pumping), stimulation services (fracturing, acidising and pressure pumping), workover and well repair services, plugging and abandoning of wells.Does not include direct access to or exploitation of natural resources.Does not include site preparation work for mining of resources other than oil and gas (CPC 5115), which is to be found under 8. Construction and related engineering services.(113) Therapeutical massages and thermal cure services are to be found under 6.A.h) Medical (including psychologists) and dental services, 6.A.j) 2. Services provided by nurses, physiotherapists and paramedical personnel, and health services (13.A Hospital services and 13.C Residential health facilities other than hospital services.(114) Such professional experience must be obtained after having reached the age of majority, as defined under the applicable laws and regulations.(115) If the degree or qualification has not been obtained in the Member State of the European Union where the service is supplied, that Member State of the European Union may evaluate whether this is equivalent to a university degree required in its territory.(116) If the degree or qualification has not been obtained in the Member State of the European Union where the service is supplied, that Member State of the European Union may evaluate whether this is equivalent to a university degree required in its territory.(117) In order for natural persons of Signatory MERCOSUR States to obtain EU-wide recognition of their qualifications, it is necessary that a mutual recognition agreement is negotiated within the framework defined pursuant to Article 18.11.(118) Like the provision of other services, legal services are subject to licensing requirements and procedures applicable in Member States of the European Union. For lawyers providing legal services in respect of public international law and foreign law, these may take, among others, the form of compliance with local codes of ethics, use of home title (unless recognition with the host title has been obtained) insurance requirements, simple registration with the host country Bar or a simplified admission to the host country Bar through an aptitude test and a requirement to have their legal or professional domicile in the host country. A reservation for legal services listed in Annexes 18-A and 18-B by a Member State of the European Union for "domestic law" as covering the "law of the European Union and of its Member States" applies to this Annex.(119) Does not include legal advisory and legal representational services on tax matters, which are listed under legal advisory services in respect of public international law and foreign law.(120) Part of CPC 85201, which is listed under Medical and dental services.(121) For all Member States except DK, the approval of the research organisation and the hosting agreement have to meet the conditions set out in Directive (EU) 2016/801 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2016 on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of research, studies, training, voluntary service, pupil exchange schemes or educational projects and au pairing, OJ L 132, 21.5.2016, p. 21.(122) Maintenance and repair services of office machinery and equipment including computers (CPC 845) are listed under Computer and related services.(123) Corresponds to sewage services.(124) Corresponds to cleaning services of exhaust gases.(125) Corresponds to parts of nature and landscape protection services.(126) Services suppliers whose function is to accompany a tour group of a minimum of 10 (ten) persons, without acting as guides in specific locations.
ANNEX 18-E. SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS OF THE SIGNATORY MERCOSUR STATES IN CONFORMITY WITH ARTICLES 18.3 AND 18.4
General conditions
1. The specific commitments listed below indicate the services and non-services sectors liberalised pursuant to Articles 18.3(1), 18.4(1), 18.5, 18.8, 18.9, 18.10(1) and 18.10(2) and specifies by means of reservations the market access and national treatment limitations that apply.
2. The specific commitments listed below shall not be interpreted as limitations to domestic regulation or as limitations on the introduction of new regulations with a view to achieving national policy objectives, in accordance with the fourth paragraph of the preamble to the GATS and the main objectives of Part III of this Agreement.
3. The list of specific commitments for individual services sectors and subsectors is elaborated on the basis of a positive list approach and is identified in accordance with the classification list in Document MTN.GNS/W/120 of the WTO and the corresponding numbers in the CPC, as defined in Article 9.3(c).
4. The list of specific commitments for non-services sectors is elaborated on the basis of a positive list approach and identified in accordance with the International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities as set out in Statistical Office of the United Nations, Statistical Papers, Series M, No. 4, ISIC Rev. 3, 1989, hereinafter referred to as "ISIC – Rev.3", for Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. For Brazil, the list of specific commitments for non-services sectors is identified in accordance with the Central Product Classification as set out in Statistical Office of the United Nations, Statistical Papers, Series M, N° 77, CPC, 2008, hereinafter referred to as "CPC – Rev. 2", and covers only non-services sectors or activities (headings 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4).
5. If no reference is made by one or more Signatory MERCOSUR States to a specific sector or subsector, that Signatory MERCOSUR State or those Signatory MERCOSUR States do not make any commitments for that specific sector or subsector.
6. Measures that are inconsistent with both Articles 18.3 and 18.4 are listed in the column relating to Article 18.3. Such listing shall also be considered to provide a condition or qualification to Article 18.4.
Specific conditions
Argentina
7. Argentina reserves the right to use exchange rate regulations which are in conformity with the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, done at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, on July 22, 1944.
Brazil
8. In cases of doubt or divergence between the list of specific commitments made by Brazil for non-services sectors and for services sectors, the latter shall prevail.
9. For the purposes of interpretation of list of specific commitments made by Brazil, the cross‑border supply of services through electronic means, including the Internet, shall be limited to Mode 1.
Paraguay and Uruguay
10. The list of specific commitments made by Paraguay and Uruguay are without prejudice to existing bilateral agreements concluded by Paraguay and Uruguay relating to taxes and tax measures or to the capacity of Signatory MERCOSUR States to pursue the objectives of their fiscal policies.
List of specific commitments
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector
Limitations on market access
Limitations on national treatment
Additional commitments
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
ARGENTINA
ALL SERVICES AND NON‑SERVICES SECTORS INCLUDED IN THIS LIST
The supply of certain services may depend on public concessions and the conditions established therein.
Acquisition of land: unbound in frontier areas (150 (one hundred and fifty) kilometres in land frontier areas and 50 (fifty) kilometres in coastal areas).