Sector: Mining and quarrying Sub-Sector: Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 1110 Type of Reservation: Market access National treatment Level of Government: National Measures: The Hydrocarbons (Prospecting, Exploration and Exploitation Law) of 2007, (Law 4(I)/2007) as amended by laws number 126(I) of 2013 and 29(I) of 2014 Description: Investment The Council of Ministers may, for reasons of energy security, refuse to allow access to and exercise of the activities of prospecting, exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons to any entity which is effectively controlled by Canada or by nationals of Canada. No entity may, after the granting of an authorisation for the prospecting, exploration and production of hydrocarbons, come under the direct or indirect control of Canada or a national of Canada without the prior approval of the Council of Ministers. The Council of Ministers may refuse to grant an authorisation for the prospecting, exploration and production of hydrocarbons to an entity which is effectively controlled by Canada or a third country or by a national of Canada or a third country, where Canada or the third country does not grant entities of the Republic of Cyprus or entities of Member States of the EU, in relation to the access to and exercise of the activities of prospecting, exploring for and exploiting hydrocarbons, treatment comparable to that which the Republic of Cyprus or the Member State of the EU grants entities of Canada or that third country.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Legal services Industry Classification: Part of CPC 861 Type of Reservation: Market access National treatment Level of Government: National Measures: Advocates Law (Chapter 2), as amended by laws number 42 of 1961, 20 of 1963, 46 of 1970, 40 of 1975, 55 of 1978, 71 of 1981, 92 of 1983, 98 of 1984, 17 of 1985, 52 of 1985, 9 of 1989, 175 of 1991, 212 of 1991, 9(I) of 1993, 56(I) of 1993, 83(I) of 1994, 76(I) of 1995, 103(I) of 1996, 79(I) of 2000, 31(I) of 2001, 41(I) of 2002, 180(I) of 2002, 117(I) of 2003, 130(I) of 2003, 199(I) of 2004, 264(I) of 2004, 21(I) of 2005, 65(I) of 2005, 124(I) of 2005, 158(I) of 2005, 175(I) of 2006, 117(I) of 2007, 103(I) of 2008, 109(I) of 2008, 11(I) of 2009, 130(I) of 2009, 4(I) of 2010, 65(I) of 2010, 14(I) of 2011, 144(I) of 2011, 116(I) of 2012 and 18(?) of 2013 Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Full admission to the Bar is required for the practice of legal services in respect of EU law and the law of a Member State of the EU, including representation before courts. Residency (commercial presence) and nationality of a Member State of the EU is required in order to obtain full admission to the Bar. Only advocates enrolled in the Bar may be partners or shareholders or members of the Board of Directors in a law company in Cyprus. To provide legal services in respect of EU law and the law of a Member State of the EU, commercial presence may be required to take one of the legal forms which are allowed under national law on a non-discriminatory basis. Some types of legal form may be reserved exclusively to lawyers admitted to the Bar, also on a non-discriminatory basis.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Accounting and bookkeeping services Auditing services, taxation advisory services Industry Classification: CPC 86211, CPC 86212, CPC 86213, CPC 86219, CPC 86220, CPC 863 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: The Auditors and Mandatory Audit of the Annual and of the Consolidated Accounts Law of 2009 (Law 42(I)/2009), as amended by law number 163(I) of 2013 Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Access is restricted to natural persons. Canadian auditors need to obtain special license from the Minister of Finance, which is subject to reciprocity. The authorisation is also subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: the employment situation in the sub-sector. Professional associations (partnerships) between natural persons are permitted. No body corporate is allowed.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Technical testing and analyses Industry Classification: CPC 8676 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Registration of Chemists Law of 1988 (Law 157/1988), as amended by laws number 24(I) of 1992 and 20(I) of 2004 Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services The provision of services by chemists and biologists requires nationality of a Member State of the EU.
Sector: Tourism and travel related services Sub-Sector: Travel agencies and tour operators services (including tour managers) Tourist guide services Industry Classification: CPC 7471, CPC 7472 Type of Reservation: Market access National treatment Level of Government: National Measures: The Tourism and Travel Offices and Tourist Guides Law 1995 to 2004 (N.41(I)/1995-2004) Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services A licence to establish and operate a tourism and travel company, as well as the renewal of an operating licence of an existing company, shall be granted only to EU natural or legal persons. No non-resident company except those established in another Member State of the EU, can provide in the Republic of Cyprus, on an organised or permanent basis, the activities referred to under Article 3 of the abovementioned Law, unless represented by a resident company. The provision of tourist guide services requires nationality of a Member State of the EU.
Sector: Fishing, transport Sub-Sector: All commercial marine activity undertaken from a seagoing ship, including fishing, aquaculture, and services incidental to fishing Transport services (passengers and freight) by seagoing vessels Pilotage and berthing services Vessel salvage and refloating services Other supporting services for water transport Construction for waterways, harbours, dams and other water works Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 0501, ISIC rev 3.1 0502, CPC 5133, CPC 5223, CPC 721, CPC 74520, CPC 74540, CPC 74590, CPC 882 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Obligations Level of Government: National Measures: The Merchant Shipping (Registration of Ships, Sales and Mortgages) Laws of 1963 to 2005 (Law 45/1963), as amended by laws number 138(I) of 2003, 169(I) of 2004 and 108(I) of 2005 Description: Investment and International Maritime Transport Services A vessel may be registered in the Register of Cyprus Ships only if: (a) More than 50 per cent of the shares of the ship are owned by nationals of a Member State of the EU, who, if they are not permanent residents of the Republic of Cyprus, have appointed an authorised representative in the Republic of Cyprus; or (b) The total (100 per cent) of the shares of the ship are owned by one or more corporations, which have been established and operate: (i) in accordance with the laws of the Republic of Cyprus and have their registered office in the Republic of Cyprus; (ii) in accordance with the laws of any other Member State of the EU and have their registered office, central administration or principal place of business within the European Economic Area and have either appointed an authorised representative in the Republic of Cyprus or the management of the ship is entrusted in full to a Cypriot or an EU ship management company having its place of business in the Republic of Cyprus; or (iii) outside the Republic of Cyprus or outside any other Member State of the EU but controlled by nationals of a Member State of the EU and have either appointed an authorised representative in the Republic of Cyprus or the management of the ship is entrusted in full to a Cypriot or an EU ship management company having its place of business in the Republic of Cyprus. The corporation is deemed to be controlled by nationals of a Member State of the EU when more than fifty per cent of its shares are owned by nationals of a Member State of the EU or when the majority of the Directors of the corporation are nationals of a Member State of the EU.
Reservations applicable in the Czech Republic
Sector: All sectors Sub-Sector: Acquisition of real estate Industry Classification: Type of Reservation: National treatment Level of Government: National Measures: Act No. 95/1999 Coll. (on Conditions relating to the transfer of agricultural land and forests from the state ownership to ownership of other entities) Act No. 503/2012, Coll. on State Land Office Description: Investment Agricultural and forest land can be acquired by foreign natural persons having permanent residence in the Czech Republic and enterprises established in the Czech Republic. Specific rules apply to agricultural and forest land under state ownership. State agricultural land can be acquired only by Czech nationals, by municipalities and by public universities (for training and research). Legal persons (regardless of the form or place of residence) can acquire state agriculture land from the state only if a building, which they already own, is built on it or if this land is indispensable for the use of such building. Only municipalities and public universities can acquire state forests.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Legal services Industry Classification: Part of CPC 861 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Act No. 85/1996 Coll., the Legal Profession Act Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Foreign lawyers admitted to the Czech Bar Association under section 5a subsection (1) of the Legal Profession Act shall be entitled to provide legal services in the law of the country in which they obtained their entitlement to provide legal services, and international law. Full admission to the Bar is required for the practice of legal services in respect of EU law and the law of a Member State of the EU, including representation before courts. To provide legal services in respect of EU law and the law of a Member State of the EU, commercial presence may be required to take one of the legal forms which are allowed under national law on a non-discriminatory basis. Some types of legal form may be reserved exclusively to lawyers admitted to the Bar, also on a non-discriminatory basis.
Sector: Health and social services Sub-Sector: Business and production services Veterinary services Paramedical personnel Restorer Physiotherapists Industry Classification: CPC 93191, CPC 932, CPC 96322 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Act No. 166/1999 Coll. (Veterinary Act), §58-63, 39 Act No. 381/1991 Coll. (on the Chamber of Veterinary Surgeons of the Czech Republic), para. 4 Act. 20/1987 Coll., on State monument care Act. 96/2004 Coll., on conditions of obtaining and recognition of qualification for the performance of non-medical occupations in health service and for the due performance of activities related to the provision of health care Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services Access is restricted to natural persons only.
Sector: Education services Sub-Sector: Higher education services Industry Classification: CPC 92390 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Act No. 111/1998, Coll. (Higher Education Act), § 39 Act No. 561/2004 Coll. on pre-school, basic, secondary, tertiary professional and other education (the Education Act) Description: Investment Establishment in the EU is required to apply for state approval to operate as a privately funded higher education institution. This reservation does not apply to secondary technical and vocational education services.
Sector: Community, social and personal services Sub-Sector: Environmental protection services Recycling services Packaging Industry Classification: Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Act. 477/2001 Coll. (Packaging Act) para. 16 Description: Investment An authorised package company is only allowed to provide services relating to packaging take-back and recovery and must be a legal person established as a joint-stock company
Sector: Fishing Transport Sub-Sector: All commercial marine activity undertaken from a seagoing ship, including fishing, aquaculture, and services incidental to fishing Transport services (passengers and freight) by seagoing vessels Pilotage and berthing services Vessel salvage and refloating services Other supporting services for water transport Construction for waterways, harbours, dams and other water works Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 0501, ISIC rev 3.1 0502, CPC 5133, CPC 5223, CPC 721, CPC 74520, CPC 74540, CPC 74590, CPC 882 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Obligations Level of Government: National Measures: Act. 61/2000 on Maritime Navigation (§5, §6 and §28) Description: Investment and International Maritime Transport Services Operating a ship under the national flag is reserved to nationals of a Member State of the EU or juridical persons established in a Member State of the EU or the EEA.
Sector: Transport Sub-Sector: Rail transport Industry Classification: CPC 711 Type of Reservation: National treatment Level of Government: National Measures: Act No. 266/1994 Coll., on Rail Transport Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services For passenger and freight transportation and pushing and towing services by rail, incorporation is required (no branches).
Reservations applicable in Denmark
Sector: All sectors Sub-Sector: Acquisition of real estate Industry Classification: Type of Reservation: National treatment Level of Government: National Measures: Danish Act on acquisition of real property Lovbekendtgørelse nr. 566 af 28. august 1986 om erhvervelse af fast ejendom (Ministry of Justice Act No. 566 of 28 August 1985), as amended by act No. 1102 of 21 December 1994 and Order No. 764 of 18 September 1995 Danish Act on Agricultural Real Estate (lov om landbrugsejendomme) Description: Investment The Danish Act on Acquisition of Real Property applies to agricultural land, as the term ‘real property’ refers to all real estate and thus includes agricultural and rural land. Only persons who have permanent residence in Denmark or who have earlier resided permanently in Denmark for at least five years are able to purchase real estate property in Denmark. This requirement also applies to enterprises, associations and other bodies, public or private institutions, foundations and charitable trusts that have no registered office in Denmark, and to foreign public authorities. Other persons must apply to the Ministry of Justice for permission to purchase real estate property, which will be permitted if the applicant is going to use the real estate property as primary residence during the stay in Denmark or for self-employment in Denmark. Purchase of real estate property which will be used as secondary residence or summer house for the applicant will be permitted only if the person concerned has particularly close relations or ties to Denmark. The purchase of real estate property for enterprises, associations and other bodies, public or private institutions, foundations and charitable trusts that have no registered office in Denmark will be permitted where the acquisition is a prerequisite for the business activities of the purchaser. The acquisition of agricultural land by private or legal persons is also governed by the Danish Act on Agricultural Real Estate (lov om landbrugsejendomme), which imposes restrictions on all persons, Danish or foreign, when acquiring agricultural property. Accordingly, any private or legal person, who wishes to acquire agricultural real estate, must fulfill the requirements in both laws. An agricultural holding may be acquired by an individual, provided that the acquirer — or another person — takes permanent residence at the holding no later than six month following the acquisition. There is no limitation on citizenship. If the acquirer is not a national of one of the Member States of the EU or the EEA, the acquirer must also have a permit from the Ministry of Justice, unless the acquirer actually lives in Denmark or formerly has lived in Denmark for at least five years.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Legal services Industry Classification: Part of CPC 861 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Lovbekendtgørelse nr. 1053 af 29. Oktober 2009 (Act No. 1053 of 29 October 2009 on the administration of justice) Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Full admission to the Bar is required for the practice of legal services in respect of EU law and the law of a Member State of the EU, including representation before courts. To provide legal services in respect of EU law and the law of a Member State, commercial presence may be required to take one of the legal forms which are allowed under national law on a non-discriminatory basis. Some types of legal form may be reserved exclusively to lawyers admitted to the Bar, also on a non-discriminatory basis. Ninety per cent of shares of a Danish law firm must be owned by lawyers with a Danish licence to practice or law firms registered in Denmark. Only lawyers with a Danish licence to practice may sit on the board or be a member of the management of a Danish law firm. The remaining ten per cent can be owned by other employees in law firms, who can also sit on the board and be part of the management of the firm. Marketing of legal advisory services is restricted to lawyers with a Danish licence to practice.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Accounting and bookkeeping services Auditing services Industry Classification: CPC 86211, CPC 86212, CPC 86213, CPC 86219, CPC 86220 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Revisorloven (The Danish Act on Approved Auditors and Audit Firms), Act No. 468 of 17 June 2008 Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Residency is required in order to provide auditing services. In order to enter into partnership with Danish authorised accountants, foreign accountants must obtain permission from the Danish Business Authority.
Sector: Health services Sub-Sector: Veterinary services Industry Classification: CPC 932 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Act No. 433 of 9 June 2004 on veterinary surgeons Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services Access is restricted to natural persons.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Real estate services (on a fee or a contract basis) Industry Classification: CPC 822 Type of Reservation: National treatment Level of Government: National Measures: Lov om omsætning af fast ejendom (The Act on the sale of real estate) Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services For the provision of real estate services by a physical person present in the territory of Denmark, only authorised real estate agents who are natural persons that have been admitted to the real estate agent register may use the title of ‘real estate agent’, in accordance with Section 25(2) of the Act on the sale of real estate which lays down the requirements for admission to the register. The Act requires that the applicant be a Danish resident or a resident of the EU, EEA or the Swiss Confederation. The residence requirement may be waived by the Danish Business Authority. The Act on the sale of real estate is only applicable when providing real estate services to Danish consumers.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Translation and interpretation services Industry Classification: CPC 87905 Type of Reservation: Market access Most-favoured-nation treatment Level of Government: National Measures: Lov om translatører og tolke (Act on Authorised Translators and Interpreters), Act No. 181 of 25 March 1988, ss. 1 and 1a Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services For the provision of authorised translation and interpretation services by a physical person present in the territory of Denmark, an authorisation from the Danish Business Authority is required. Exemptions from the authorisation requirement for occasional and temporary supply of these services may be granted to persons who are established in an equivalent profession to that of state authorised translator and interpreter in another Member State of the EU, in an EEA country or in the Swiss Confederation.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Security services Industry Classification: CPC 87302, CPC 87303, CPC 87304, CPC 87305, CPC 87309 Type of Reservation: National treatment Senior management and boards of directors Level of Government: National Measures: Lov om vagtvirksomhed LBK nr 227 af 03/03/2010 Description: Investment Requirement of residence for members of the board.
Sector: Distribution Sub-Sector: Retail sales of pharmaceutical, medical and orthopaedic goods Industry Classification: CPC 63211 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Apotekerloven (Danish Pharmacy Act) LBK nr. 855 of 04/08/2008 Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services Only natural persons are permitted to provide retail services of pharmaceuticals and specific medical goods to the public.
Sector: Fishing, transport Sub-Sector: All commercial marine activity undertaken from a seagoing ship, including fishing, aquaculture, and services incidental to fishing Transport services (passengers and freight) by seagoing vessels Pilotage and berthing services Vessel salvage and refloating services Other supporting services for water transport Construction for waterways, harbours, dams and other water works Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 0501, ISIC rev 3.10502, CPC 5133, CPC 5223, CPC 721, CPC 74520, CPC 74540, CPC 74590, CPC 882 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Obligations Level of Government: National Measures: Lov om Dansk Internationalt Skibsregister (Danish International Ship Register Act), para 1 (2) Søloven (Danish Merchant Shipping Act), para 1 (2). Lov om Havne (Harbour Act), ss. 9 (6-7) and 10 (4-5) Description: Investment, Cross-Border Trade in Services, and International Maritime Transport Services Non-EU residents cannot own Danish flagged vessels except: (a) Through an enterprise incorporated in Denmark i.e. an agency, a branch or a subsidiary. Furthermore, the vessels must be effectively managed, controlled and operated from the enterprise either through a national of a Member State of the EU or the EEA or a person having Danish residence; or (b) Through the establishment of a subsidiary company in another Member State of the EU or the EEA and the transfer of the ownership of the ship to this EU or EEA company. This EU or EEA company is not required to establish an agency, branch or subsidiary undertaking, but a representative in Denmark must be appointed and the ship must be effectively managed, controlled and directed from Denmark
Sector: Fishing Transport Sub-Sector: Supporting services for water transport Industry Classification: CPC 741, CPC 742, CPC 745 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Obligations Level of Government: National Measures: Lov om Dansk Internationalt Skibsregister (Danish International Ship Register Act), para 1 (2) Søloven (Danish Merchant Shipping Act), para 1 (2). Lov om Havne (Harbours Act), ss. 9 (6-7) and 10 (4-5) Description: Investment, Cross-Border Trade in Services, and International Maritime Transport Services When a foreign private port operator performs ship stevedoring services and other ship-related services at a Danish port in collaboration with a Danish municipal port, permission from the Minister of Transport is required according to the Harbours Act. Municipal ports need permission from the Minister of Transport in order to perform ship stevedoring services and other ship-related services such as pilotage, towage etc. State ports are prohibited from performing these services. The Harbours Act does not place restrictions on private port operators, thus foreign private port operators are not prohibited from performing ship stevedoring services and other ship-related services at Danish ports. However, foreign state and municipal port operators are subject to the restrictions of the Harbours Act.
Sector: Energy Sub-Sector: Pipeline transportation of fuels Industry Classification: CPC 7131 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Bekendtgørelse nr. 724 af 1. juli 2008 om indretning, etablering og drift af olietanke, rørsysrtemer og pipelines (Order on the arrangement, establishment and operation of oil tanks, piping systems and pipelines), No. 724 of 1 July 2008 Description: Investment The owner or user intending to establish a pipeline for the transport of crude or refined petroleum and petroleum products and of natural gas must obtain a permit from the local authority before commencing work. The number of such permits which are issued may be limited.
Reservations applicable in Estonia
Sector: All sectors Sub-Sector: Industry Classification: Type of Reservation: National treatment Level of Government: National Measures: Äriseadustik (Commercial Code) § 631 (2), § 385 (1) Description: Investment A foreign company shall appoint a director or directors for a branch. A director of a branch must be a natural person with active legal capacity. The residence of at least one director of a branch must be in Estonia, in a Member State of the EEA or in the Swiss Confederation.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Legal services Industry Classification: Part of CPC 861 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Advokatuuriseadus (Bar Association Act), RT I 2001, 36, 201 Notariaadiseadus (Notaries Act), RT I 2000, 104, 684 Kohtutäituri seadus (Bailiffs Act), RT I 2009, 68, 463 Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Full admission to the Bar is required for the practice of legal services in respect of Estonian law, including representation before courts. Residency (commercial presence) is required in order to obtain full admission to the Bar. To provide legal services in respect of EU law and the law of a Member State of the EU, commercial presence may be required to take one of the legal forms which are allowed under national law on a non-discriminatory basis. Some types of legal form may be reserved exclusively to lawyers admitted to the Bar, also on a non-discriminatory basis. For legal services other than advisory services to clients related to their legal rights and obligations and providing information on legal matters, commercial presence is restricted to sole proprietorships or to law firms with limited liability, in which cases permission is needed from the Bar Association (Advokatuur).
Sector: Legal services Sub-Sector: Patent agents Sworn translators Industry Classification: Part of CPC 861 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Patendivoliniku seadus (Patent Agents Act) § 14 (1) Vandetõlgi seadus (Sworn Translators Act) § 3 (2) Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services A patent agent must be a national of a Member State of the EU with permanent residence in Estonia. A sworn translator must be a national of a Member State of the EU.
Sector: Distribution Sub-Sector: Retail sales of pharmaceutical, medical and orthopaedic goods Industry Classification: CPC 63211 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Ravimiseadus (Medicinal Products Act), RT I 2005, 2, 4; § 25 (3), §30, § 421 Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services The retail of pharmaceuticals and specific medical goods to the public may only be carried out through a pharmacy. Mail order sale of medicinal products as well as delivery by post or express service of medicinal products ordered through the Internet is prohibited. Establishment authorisation is subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: density conditions in the area.
Sector: Fishing, transport Sub-Sector: All commercial marine activity undertaken from a seagoing ship, including fishing, aquaculture, and services incidental to fishing Transport services (passengers and freight) by seagoing vessels Pilotage and berthing services Vessel salvage and refloating services Other supporting services for water transport Construction for waterways, harbours, dams and other water works Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 0501, ISIC rev0502, CPC 5133, CPC 5223, CPC 721, CPC 74520 CPC 74540, CPC 74590, CPC 882 Type of Reservation: National treatment Senior management and boards of directors Market access Obligations Level of Government: National Measures: Law of Ship Flag and Ship Registers Act Description: Investment and International Maritime Transport Services The right to fly the national flag of the Republic of Estonia is granted to seagoing vessels owned by Estonian citizens; seagoing vessels in common ownership if the greater share of the vessel is owned by Estonian co-owners. Majority ownership of a vessel flying the Estonian flag is reserved to nationals and legal persons from Member States of the EU provided that the person from another Member State of the EU has: (a) a residence or a permanent business establishment in Estonia, and the ship itself is not deemed to be a business establishment; or (b) a permanent representative whose residence or seat is in Estonia and who is responsible for compliance with the technical, social and administrative requirements established with regard to seagoing vessels in Estonia and who directly controls and monitors the use of the ship.
Reservations applicable in Finland
For the purposes of the reservations of the EU and its Member States, a regional level of government in Finland means the Åland Islands Sector: All sectors Sub-Sector: Industry Classification: Type of Reservation: National treatment Senior management and boards of directors Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Laki elinkeinon harjoittamisen oikeudesta (Act on the Right to Carry on a Trade) (122/1919), s. 1 Osuuskuntalaki (Co-Operatives Act) 1488/2001 Osakeyhtiölaki (Limited Liabilities Company Act) (624/2006), Laki luottolaitostoiminnasta (Act on Credit Institutions) (121/2007) Description: Investment At least one of the partners in a general partnership or of general partners in a limited partnership needs to have residency in the EEA or, if the partner is a juridical person, be domiciled (no branches allowed) in the EEA. Exemptions may be granted by the registration authority. To carry on trade as a private entrepreneur, residency in the EEA is required. If a foreign organisation from a country outside the EEA intends to carry on a business or trade by establishing a branch in Finland, a trade permit is required. Residency in the EEA is required for at least one of the ordinary and one of the deputy members of the Board of Directors and for the Managing Director. Company exemptions may be granted by the registration authority.
Sector: Mining and quarrying Sub-Sector: Mining Services incidental to mining Engineering related scientific and technical consulting services Ore mining Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 120, CPC 5115, CPC 883, CPC 8675 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Kaivoslaki (Mining Act) (621/2011) Ydinenergialaki (Nuclear Energy Act) (990/1987) Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services The exploration for and exploitation of mineral resources are subject to a licensing requirement, which is granted by the Government in relation to the mining of nuclear material. A permit of redemption for a mining area is required from the Government. Permission may be granted to a natural person resident in the EEA or a juridical person established in the EEA. An economic needs test may apply.
Sector: Animal husbandry Sub-Sector: Reindeer husbandry Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 014 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Poronhoitolaki (Reindeer Husbandry Act) (848/1990), Chapter 1, s. 4 Protocol 3 to the Accession Treaty of Finland Description: Investment Only nationals of a Member State of the EEA resident in the reindeer herding area may own reindeer and practice reindeer husbandry. Exclusive rights may be granted.
Sector: Legal services Sub-Sector: Industry Classification: Part of CPC 861 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Tavaramerkkilaki (Trademarks Act) (7/1964) Laki patenttiasiamiehistä (Patent Agent Act) (552/1967) Laki kasvinjalostajanoikeudesta (Plant Breeder's Right Act) 1279/2009 Mallioikeuslaki (Registered Designs Act) 221/1971 Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services A patent agent must be resident in the EEA in order to be recorded in the Patent Agents Register, which is necessary for the practice of the profession.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Legal services Industry Classification: Part of CPC 861 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Laki asianajajista (Advocates Act) (496/1958), ss. 1 and 3, Oikeudenkäymiskaari (4/1734) (Code of Judicial Procedure) Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services For admission to the Bar, which is required for the use of the Finnish title ‘asianajaja’, EEA residency is required. Legal services, including domestic law, may also be provided by non-Bar members. S
ector: Business services Sub-Sector: Auditing services Industry Classification: CPC 86211, CPC 86212 other than accounting services Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Tilintarkastuslaki (Auditing Act) (459/2007) Sectoral laws requiring the use of locally-licensed auditors Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services EEA residency required for at least one of the auditors of a Finnish Limited Liability company and of companies which are under the obligation to carry out an audit. An auditor must be a locally-licensed auditor or a locally-licensed audit firm.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Translation services Industry Classification: Part of CPC 87905 Type of Reservation: National treatment Level of Government: National Measures: Laki auktorisoiduista kääntäjistä (Act on Authorised Translators) (1231/2007), s. 2(1)) Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services Residency in EEA is required for certified translators.
Sector: Other services Sub-Sector: Funeral, cremation and undertaking services Industry Classification: Part of CPC 9703 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Hautaustoimilaki (Act on Burial Service) (457/2003) Description: Investment Cremation services and operation/maintenance of cemeteries and graveyards can only be performed by the state, municipalities, parishes, religious communities or non-profit foundations or societies.
Sector: Fishing, transport Sub-Sector: All commercial marine activity undertaken from a seagoing ship, including fishing, aquaculture, and services incidental to fishing Transport services (passengers and freight) by seagoing vessels Pilotage and berthing services Vessel salvage and refloating services Other supporting services for water transport Construction for waterways, harbours, dams and other water works Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 0501, ISIC rev 3.1 0502, CPC 5133, CPC 5223, CPC 721, CPC 74520, CPC 74540, CPC 74590, CPC 882 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Obligations Level of Government: National Measures: Merilaki (Maritime Act) 674/1994 Description: Investment, Cross-Border Trade in Services, and International Maritime Transport Services Foreign investors must have their principal office in Finland in order to register a vessel on the national shipping register. A ship can be considered Finnish and has the right to fly the Finnish flag only where a Finnish national or company owns more than sixty per cent of the vessel.
Sector: Transport Sub-Sector: Supporting services for water transport Industry Classification: CPC 745 Type of Reservation: Market access National treatment Most-favoured-nation treatment Obligations Level of Government: National Measures: Merilaki (Maritime Act) (674/1994) Laki elinkeinon harjoittamisen oikeudesta (Act on the Right to Carry on a Trade) (122/1919), s. 4 Description: Investment, Cross-Border Trade in Services and International Maritime Transport Services Supporting services for maritime transport when provided in Finnish maritime waters or internal waterways are reserved to fleets operating under the national, EU or Norwegian flag.
Reservations applicable in France
Sector: Agriculture and hunting Sub-Sector: Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 011, ISIC rev 3.1 012, ISIC rev 3.1 013, ISIC rev 3.1 014, ISIC rev 3.1 015 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Code rural et de la pêche maritime: art. R331-1 on installation and art. L. 529-2 on agricultural co-operatives Description: Investment The establishment of farms and agricultural co-operatives by non-EU investors is subject to authorisation. Prior authorisation is required in order to become a member or act as a director of an agricultural co-operative.
Sector: Fishing Sub-Sector: Fishing and aquaculture Services incidental to fishing Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 050, CPC 882 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Code rural et de la pêche maritime: art. L921-3 Description: Investment A French vessel flying the French flag may be issued a fishing authorisation or may be allowed to fish on the basis of national quotas only when a real economic link on the territory of the France is established and the vessel is directed and controlled from a permanent establishment located on the territory of France.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Legal services Industry Classification: Part of CPC 861 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Loi du 31 décembre 1971, art. 56 Loi 90-1258 relative à l'exercice sous forme de société des professions libérales Loi 90-1259 du 31 décembre 1990, art. 7 Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Full admission to the Bar is required for the practice of legal services in respect of French law, including representation before courts. Residency (commercial presence) is required in order to obtain full admission to the Bar. Only nationals of a Member State of the EEA or of the Swiss Confederation may be admitted to the Bar, and are thus entitled to provide legal services in respect of French law. To provide legal services in respect of EU law and the law of a Member State of the EU, commercial presence may be required to take one of the legal forms which are allowed under national law on a non-discriminatory basis. Some types of legal form may be reserved exclusively to lawyers admitted to the Bar, also on a non-discriminatory basis. Respresentation before the ‘Cour de Cassation’ and ‘Conseil d'Etat’ is subject to quotas. In a law firm providing services in respect of French or EU law, at least 75 per cent of the partners holding 75 per cent of the shares shall be lawyers fully admitted to the Bar in France.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Accounting and bookkeeping services Auditing services Taxation advisory services Industry Classification: CPC 86211, CPC 86212, CPC 86213, CPC 86219, CPC 86220, CPC 863 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Ordonnance 45-2138 du 19 septembre 1945, arts. 3, 7, 26, 27 Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Provision of accounting and bookkeeping services by a foreign service supplier is conditional on a decision of the Minister of Economics, Finance and Industry, in agreement with the Minister of Foreign Affairs. For accounting and bookkeeping services: provision through SEL (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions), AGC (Association de gestion et comptabilité) or SCP (Société civile professionnelle) only. For taxation advisory services, provision through SEL (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions) or SCP (Société civile professionnelle) only. For statutory audits: provision through any company form except SNC (Société en nom collectif), SCS (Société en commandite simple).
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Architectural services Industry Classification: CPC 8671 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Loi 90-1258 relative à l'exercice sous forme de société des professions libérales. Décret 95-129 du 2 février 1995 relatif à l'exercice en commun de la profession d'architecte sous forme de société en participation. Décret 92-619 du 6 juillet 1992 relatif à l'exercice en commun de la profession d'architecte sous forme de société d'exercice libéral à responsabilité limitée SELARL, société d'exercice libéral à forme anonyme SELAFA, société d'exercice libéral en commandite par actions SELCA. Loi 77-2 du 3 janvier 1977, arts. 12, 13, 14 Description: Investment An architect may only establish in France in order to provide architectural services using one of the following legal forms (on a non-discriminatory basis): SA et SARL (sociétés anonymes, à responsabilité limitée), EURL (Entreprise unipersonnelle à responsabilité limitée), SCA (en commandite par actions), SCOP (Société coopérative et participative), SELARL (société d'exercice libéral à responsabilité limitée), SELAFA (société d'exercice libéral à forme anonyme), SELAS (société d'exercice libéral par actions simplifiée) or SAS (Société par actions simplifiée), or as individual or as a partner in an architectural firm.
Sector: Health services Sub-Sector: Veterinary services Industry Classification: CPC 932 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Most-favoured-nation treatment Level of Government: National Measures: Code rural et de la pêche maritime arts. L241-1; L241-2; L241-2-1 Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Nationality condition limited to nationals of a Member State of the EU and the EEA. Insofar as Canada allows French citizens to provide veterinary services then France will allow Canadian service suppliers to provide veterinary services under the same conditions. The legal forms available to a company providing veterinary services are limited to three types of companies (SEP (Société en participation); SCP (Société civile professionnelle); and SEL (Société d'exercice liberal).
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Related scientific and technical consulting services Industry Classification: CPC 8675 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Loi 90-1258 relative à l'exercice sous forme de société des professions libérales, modifiée par les lois 2001-1168 du 12 décembre 2001 et 2008-776 du 4 août 2008 Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services For surveying, access through a SEL (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions), SCP (Société civile professionnelle), SA and SARL (sociétés anonymes, à responsabilité limitée) only. Foreign investors are required to have a specific authorisation for exploration and prospecting services.
Sector: Distribution Sub-Sector: Retail Industry Classification: CPC 631, CPC 632 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Art. L752-1 à L752-6 du code de commerce Description: Investment The authorisation for large department stores is subject to an Economic Needs Test. Main criteria: number of and impact on existing stores, population density, geographic spread, impact on traffic conditions and creation of new employment.
Sector: Distribution Sub-Sector: Distribution of tobacco Industry Classification: Part of CPC 6222, part of CPC 6310 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Code général des impôts, art. 568 et articles 276-279 de l'annexe 2 de ce code Description: Investment State monopoly on wholesale and retail sales of tobacco. Nationality condition for tobacconists (buraliste).
Sector: Distribution Sub-Sector: Retail sales of pharmaceutical, medical and orthopaedic goods Industry Classification: CPC 63211 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Code de la santé publique, arts. L4221-1, L4221-13, L5125-10 Loi 90-1258 relative à l'exercice sous forme de société des professions libérales, modifiée par les lois 2001-1168 du 12 décembre 2001 et 2008-776 du 4 août 2008 (Law 90-1258 on the exercise of liberal professions in the form of a company ) Description: Investment EEA or Swiss nationality is required in order to operate a pharmacy. Foreign pharmacists may be permitted to establish within annually established quotas. Commercial presence must take one of the legal forms which are allowed under national law on a non-discriminatory basis: anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions (SEL), société en nom collectif (SNC), société de participations financières de profession libérale de pharmaciens d'officine and SARL only
Sector: Education services Sub-Sector: Privately funded primary, secondary, and higher education services Industry Classification: CPC 921, CPC 922, CPC 923 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Code de l'éducation, Arts. L 444-5, L 914-4, L 441-8, L 731-8, L 731-1 to 8 Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services Nationality of a Member State of the EU is required in order to teach in a privately funded educational institution. However, nationals of Canada may obtain an authorisation from the relevant competent authorities in order to teach in primary, secondary and higher level educational institutions. Nationals of Canada may also obtain an authorisation from the relevant competent authorities in order to establish and operate or manage primary, secondary or higher level educational institutions. Such authorisation is granted on a discretionary basis.
Sector: Health and social services Sub-Sector: Industry Classification: CPC 931, CPC 933 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Loi 90-1258 relative à l'exercice sous forme de société des professions libérals, modifiée par les lois 2001-1168 du 12 décembre 2001 et 2008-776 du 4 août 2008 et la loi 66-879 du 29 novembre 1966 (SCP) Code de la santé publique, art. L6122-1, L6122-2 (Ordonnance 2010-177 du 23 février 2010) Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services While other types of legal form are available for EU investors, foreign investors only have access to the legal forms of ‘société d'exercice liberal’ and ‘société civile professionnelle’. For medical, dental and midwives services, French nationality is required. However, access by foreigners is possible within annually established quotas. For medical, dental and midwives services and services by nurses, provision through anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions (SEL) or SCP only. For hospital and ambulance services, residential health facilities (other than hospital services) and social services, an authorisation is necessary in order to exercise management functions. The authorisation process takes into account the availability of local managers.
Sector: Fishing Transport Sub-Sector: All commercial marine activity undertaken from a seagoing ship, including fishing, aquaculture, and services incidental to fishing Transport services (passengers and freight) by seagoing vessels Pilotage and berthing services Vessel salvage and refloating services Other supporting services for water transport Construction for waterways, harbours, dams and other water works Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 0501, ISIC rev 3.1 0502, CPC 5133, CPC 5223, CPC 721, CPC 74520, CPC 74540, CPC 74590, CPC 882 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Obligations Level of Government: National Measures: Code des douanes, Art. 219 Description: Investment, Cross-Border Trade in Services, and International Maritime Transport Services Foreign investors that are not nationals of a Member State of the EU or not incorporated or having their principal office in the EU or the EEA, cannot own 50 per cent or more of a French flag seagoing vessel. The above reservation does not apply to ships that would satisfy the French flag ownership requirements after the exercise of a lease-option. It also does not apply to a ship that is bareboat chartered to a charterer that would satisfy the ownership requirements and is actually making use of the ship.
Reservations applicable in Germany
Sector: Manufacturing Sub-Sector: Newspapers, journals and periodicals, appearing at least four times a week and newspapers, journals and periodicals, appearing less than four times a week Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 223, ISIC rev 3.1 224 Type of Reservation: National treatment Level of Government: National — Regional (sub-federal) Measures: § 10 Abs. 1 Nr. 4 Landesmediengesetz (LMG) Rheinland-Pfalz v. 4. Februar 2005, GVBl. S. 23 in der Fassung vom 20. Dezember 2011, GVBl. S. 427 § 9 Abs. 1 Nr. 1 Gesetz über die Presse Baden-Württemberg (LPG BW) v. 14 Jan. 1964, GBl. S.11, geändert durch Gesetz v. 17. Dez. 2009, GBl. S. 809 § 9 Abs. 1 Nr. 1 Pressegesetz für das Land Nordrhein-Westfalen (Landespressegesetz NRW) v. 24. Mai 1966 (GV. NRW. S. 340), zuletzt geändert durch Artikel 7 des Gesetzes vom 18. November 2008 (GV. NRW. S. 706) § 8 Abs. 1 Gesetz über die Presse Schleswig-Holstein (PressG SH) vom 25.1.2012, GVOBL. SH S. 266 § 7 Abs. 2 Landespressegesetz für das Land Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (LPrG M-V) v. 6 Juni 1993, GVOBl. M-V 1993, S. 541 § 8 Abs. 1 Nr. 1 Pressegesetz für das Land Sachsen-Anhalt in der Neufassung vom 2.5.2013 (GVBl. LSA S. 198) § 7 Abs. 2 Berliner Pressegesetz (BlnPrG) v. 15 Juni 1965, GVBl. S. 744 zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz v. 18. Nov. 2009, GVBl. S. 674 § 10 Abs. 1 Nr. 1 Brandenburgisches Landspressegesetz (BbgPG) v. 13. Mai 1993, GVBl. I/93, S. 162, zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz v. 21. Juni 2012, GVBl. I/12, S. 1 § 9 Abs. 1 Nr.1 Gesetz über die Presse Bremen (BrPrG), Brem. GBl. 1965, S. 63; zuletzt geändert durch Nr. 2.1 i.V.m. Anl.1 ÄndBek vom 24.1.2012 (Brem.GBl. S.24) § 7 Abs. 3 Nr. 1 Hessisches Pressegesetz (HPresseG) v. 12. Dezember 2004, GVBl. 2004 I S.2, zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz vom 13. Dezember 2012, GVBl. S. 622 § 7 Abs. 2 i.V.m § 9 Abs.1 Ziffer 1 Thüringer Pressegesetz (TPG) v. 31. Juli 1991, GVBl. 1991 S. 271 in der Fassung v. 16. Juli 2008, GvBl. S. 243 § 9 Abs. 1 Nr. 1 Hamburgisches Pressegesetz v. 29. Januar 1965, HmbGVBl., S. 15, in der Fassung v. 15. Dez. 2009, HmbGVBl. S. 444, 447 § 6 Abs. 2 Sächsisches Gesetz über die Presse (SächsPresseG) v. 3. April 1992, SächsGVBl. S. 125 zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz v. 13. August 2009, SächsGVBl. S. 438 § 8 Abs. 2 Niedersächsisches Pressegesetz v. 22. März 1965, GVbl. S.9 zuletzt geändert durch Artikel 2 des Gesetzes vom 11.10.2010 (Nds. GVBl. S. 480) § 9 Abs. 1 Nr. 1 Saarländisches Mediengesetz (SMG) vom 27. Februar 2002 (Amtsbl. S. 498), zuletzt geändert durch Art. 1 ÄndG vom 22.4.2013 (Amtsbl. I S. 111) Art. 5 Abs. 2 Bayerisches Pressegesetz in der Fassung der Bekanntmachung v. 19. April 2000 (GVBl, S. 340), zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz v. 22.12.2009 (GVBl. S. 630) Description: Investment Each publicly distributed or printed newspaper, journal, or periodical must clearly indicate a ‘responsible editor’ (the full name and address of a natural person). The responsible editor may be required to be a permanent resident of Germany, the EU or an EEA country. Exceptions may be allowed by the Federal Minister of the Interior.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Legal services Industry Classification: Part of CPC 861 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: § 59e, § 59f, § 206 Bundesrechtsanwaltsordnung (BRAO; Federal Lawyers Order) Gesetz über die Tätigkeit europäischer Rechtsanwälte in Deutschland (EuRAG) Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Full admission to the Bar is required for the practice of legal services in respect of German law, including representation before courts. Only EEA or Swiss lawyers may be admitted to the Bar, and are thus entitled to provide legal services in respect of German law (EuRAG). Residency (commercial presence) is required in order to obtain full admission to the Bar. According to the Federal Lawyers Order (§§ 59e, 59f BRAO), only German lawyers, EEA lawyers, EU lawyers or lawyers of the Swiss Confederation are allowed to provide legal services through commercial presence, in the form of a Anwalts-GmbH or Anwalt-AG. Lawyers from other countries (§ 206 BRAO) may have their commercial presence in the form of Anwalts-GmbH or Anwalt-AG by acquiring minority shares only.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Legal services: patent lawyers Industry Classification: Part of CPC 861 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: § 52e, § 52 f, § 154a und § 154 b Patentanwaltsordnung (PAO) Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Third country patent lawyers (non-EU, EEA Member States or the Swiss Confederation) are not allowed to act as patent lawyers (§ 154a PAO) in Germany. According to the Patentanwaltsordnung (§§ 52e, 52f PAO), only German patent lawyers, EEA patent lawyers, EU patent lawyers or patent lawyers of the Swiss Confederation are allowed to provide legal services through commercial presence, in the form of a Patentanwalts-GmbH or Patentanwalt-AG. Patent Lawyers from other countries (§ 154a PAO) may have their commercial presence in the form of Patentanwalts-GmbH or Patentanwalt-AG by acquiring minority shares only.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Accounting services Auditing services Industry Classification: CPC 86211, CPC 86212 (other than accounting services), CPC 86213, CPC 86219, CPC 86220) Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Handelsgesetzbuch, HGB, (Code of Commercial Law) Wirtschaftsprüferordnung, WPO, (Public Accountant Order) Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Auditing companies (‘Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaften’) may only adopt certain German legal forms. Incorporated companies, associations limited by shares, limited liability companies, general partnerships, limited commercial partnerships, other partnerships and European companies (SE) may be recognised as ‘Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaften’. General partnerships and limited commercial partnerships may be recognised as ‘Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaften’ if they are listed as trading partnerships in the commercial register on the basis of their fiduciary activities, art. 27 WPO. The entity ‘GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft’ may carry out accounting and auditing services. Establishment in the EU is required in order to provide auditing services. However, auditors from Canada registered in accordance with art. 134 WPO may carry out the statutory audit of annual financial statements or provide the consolidated financial statements of a company with its headquarters outside the EU, whose transferable securities are offered for trading in a regulated market.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Medical and dental services Midwives services Services provided by nurses Industry Classification: CPC 9312, CPC 93191 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National — Regional (sub-federal) Measures: Bundesärzteordnung (Federal Medical Regulation) Gesetz über die Ausübung der Zahnheilkunde, Gesetz über die Berufe des Psychologischen Psychotherapeuten und des Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapeuten (Act on the Provision of Psychotherapy Services of 16.07.1998) Gesetz über die berufsmäßige Ausübung der Heilkunde ohne Bestallung Gesetz über den Beruf der Hebamme und des Entbindungspflegers Gesetz über die Berufe in der Krankenpflege § 7 Absatz 3 Musterberufordnung fuer Aerzte (German Model professional Code for doctors) §95,§ 99 and seq. SGB V (Social Code Book No. V), Statutory Health Insurance § 1 Absatz 2 and Absatz 5 Hebammengesetz (Midwife Code), § 291b SGB V (Social Code BookNo. V) on E-health providers Heilberufekammergesetz des Landes Baden-Württemberg in der Fassung vom 16. 03. 1995 (GBl. BW of 17.05.1995 S. 314), zuletzt geändert durch Artikel 2 des Gesetzes zur Änderung des Landespflegegesetzes und anderer berufsrechtlicher Vorschriften vom 15.06.2010 (GBl. BW of 22.06.2010, pages 427, 431) Gesetz über die Berufsausübung, die Berufsvertretungen und die Berufsgerichtsbarkeit der Ärzte, Zahnärzte, Tierärzte, Apotheker sowie der Psychologischen Psychotherapeuten und der Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapeuten (Heilberufe-Kammergesetz — HKaG) in Bayern vom 06.02.2002 (BAY GVBl 2002, page 42) Gesetz über die Kammern und die Berufsgerichtsbarkeit der Ärzte, Zahnärzte, Apotheker, Psychologischen Psychotherapeuten und Kinder- und Jugendpsychotherapeuten (Berliner Kammergesetz) vom 04.09.1978 (Berliner GVBl. page 1937, rev. page 1980), zuletzt geändert durch Artikel I Elftes Änderungsgesetz vom 17.03.2010 (Berliner GVBl. page 135) § 31 Heilberufsgesetz Brandenburg (HeilBerG) vom 28.04.2003, zuletzt geändert durch Artikel 2 des Gesetzes vom 11.06.2008 (GVBl. I page 134, 139) Bremisches Gesetz über die Berufsvertretung, die Berufsausübung, die Weiterbildung und die Berufsgerichtsbarkeit der Ärzte, Zahnärzte, Psychotherapeuten, Tierärzte und Apotheker (Heilberufsgesetz — HeilBerG) vom 12.05.2005, zuletzt geändert durch Artikel 2 Gesetz zur Umsetzung der EU-Dienstleistungsrichtlinie im Land Bremen und Novellierung weiterer Rechtsnormen vom 24.11.2009 (Brem.GBl. page 535) § 29 Heilberufsgesetz (HeilBG NRW) of 09.05.2000 in der Fassung vom 17.12.2009 (GV. NRW 2009, page 865), § 20 Heilberufsgesetz (HeilBG Rheinland-Pfalz) of 07.02.2003 in der Fassung vom 15.09.2011 (GV. R-Pf 2011, page 425) Gesetz über Berufsausübung, Berufsvertretungen und Berufsgerichtsbarkeit der Ärzte, Zahnärzte, Tierärzte, Apotheker sowie der Psychologischen Psychotherapeuten und der Kinder und Jugendlichenpsychotherapeuten im Freistaat (Sächsisches Heilberufekammergesetz — SächsHKaG) vom 24.05.1994 (SächsGVBl. page 935), zuletzt geändert durch Artikel 2 Absatz 5 des Gesetzes vom 19.05.2010 (SächsGVBl. pages 142 and 143), Gesetz über die öffentliche Berufsvertretung, die Berufspflichten, die Weiterbildung und die Berufsgerichtsbarkeit der Ärzte/ Ärztinnen, Zahnärzte/ Zahnärztinnen, psychologischen Psychotherapeuten/ Psychotherapeutinnen und Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapeuten/-psychotherapeutinnen, Tierärzte/Tierärztinnen und Apotheker/Apothekerinnen im Saarland (Saarländisches Heilberufekammergesetz — SHKG) vom 19.11.2007, zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz vom 19.11.2008 (ABl. page 1930) Thüringer Heilberufegesetz vom 29. Januar 2002 (GVBl 2002, 125) zuletzt geändert durch Artikel 14 des Gesetzes vom 8. Juli 2009 (GVBl 2009, 592) Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Geographical restrictions may be imposed on professional registration, which apply to nationals and non-nationals alike. Doctors (including psychologists, psychotherapists, and dentists) need to register with the regional associations of statutory health insurance physicians or dentists (kassenärztliche or zahnärztliche Vereinigungen), if they wish to treat patients insured by the statutory sickness funds. This registration can be subject to quantitative restrictions based on the regional distribution of doctors. For dentists this restriction does not apply. Registration is necessary only for doctors participating in the public health scheme. Non-discriminatory restrictions on the legal form of establishment required to provide these services may exist (§ 95 SGB V). For medical, dental and midwives services, access is restricted to natural persons only. Establishment requirements may apply. Telemedicine may only be provided in the context of a primary treatment involving the prior physical presence of a doctor. The number of ICT (information and communications technology) -service suppliers may be limited to guarantee interoperability, compatibility and necessary safety standards. This is applied in a non-discriminatory way.
Sector: Health and social services Sub-Sector: Human health and social care services Hospitals Ambulance services Rescue services Industry Classification: CPC 931, CPC 933 Type of Reservation: Market access National treatment Level of Government: National — Regional (sub-federal) Measures: Bundesärzteordnung (Federal Medical Regulation) Gesetz über die Ausübung der Zahnheilkunde Gesetz über die Berufe des Psychologischen Psychotherapeuten und des Kinder- und Jugendlichentherapeuten (Act on the Provision of Psychotherapy Services of 16.07.1998) Gesetz über die berufsmäßige Ausübung der Heilkunde ohne Bestallung Gesetz über den Beruf der Hebamme und des Entbindungspflegers Gesetz über den Beruf der Rettungsassistentin und des Rettungsassistenten Gesetz über die Berufe in der Krankenpflege Gesetz über die Berufe in der Physiotherapie Gesetz über den Beruf des Logopäden Gesetz über den Beruf des Orthoptisten und der Orthoptistin Gesetz über den Beruf der Podologin und des Podologen Gesetz über den Beruf der Diätassitentin und des Diätassistenten Gesetz über den Beruf der Ergotherapeutin und des Ergotherapeuten Bundesapothekerorndung gesetz über den Beruf des pharmazeutisch-technischen Assistenten Gesetz über technische Assistenten in der Medizin,Personenbeförderungsgesetz (Act on Public Transport) Gesetz über den Rettungsdienst (Rettungsdienstgesetz — RDG) in Baden-Württember vom 08.02.2010 (GBl. 2010, page 285) Bayerisches Rettungsdienstgesetz (BayRDG) vom 22.07.2008 (GVBl 2008, page 429) Gesetz über den Rettungsdienst für das Land Berlin (Rettungsdienstgesetz) vom 08.07.1993 (GVBl. page 313) geändert durch Anlage Nr. 33 des 7. Aufhebungsgesetzes vom 04.03.2005 (GVBl. page 125) Gesetz über den Rettungsdienst im Land Brandenburg (BbgRettG) in der Fassung vom 18.05.2005, Gesetz über den Rettungsdienst im Lande Bremen (BremRettDG) vom 22.09.1992, zuletzt geändert durch das Gesetz vom 26.05.1998 Hamburgisches Rettungsdienstgesetz (HmbRDG) vom 09.06.1992, zuletzt geändert am 27.09.1995 Gesetz zur Neuordnung des Rettungsdienstes in Hessen (HRDG) vom 24.11.1998 Gesetz über den Rettungsdienst für das Land Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (RDGM-V) vom 01.07.1993, geändert durch Erstes Gesetz zur Änderung des RDGM-V vom 29.05.1998, Niedersächsisches Rettungsdienstgesetz (NRettDG) vom 02.10.2007 (GVBl, page 473, zuletzt geändert am 22.02.2012 (GVBl. Page 18) Gesetz über den Rettungsdienst sowie die Notfallrettung und den Krankentransport durch Unternehmer (RettG NRW) vom 09.11.1992, zuletzt geändert am 06.07.2004. Landesgesetz über den Rettungsdienst sowie den Notfall- und Krankentransport (RettDG) vom 22.04.1991. Saarländisches Rettungsdienstgesetz (SRettG) vom 09.02.1994, zuletzt geändert am 27.11.1996. Gesetz zur Neuordnung des Brandschutzes, Rettungsdienstes und Katastrophenschutzes im Freistaat Sachsen vom 24.06.2004. Rettungsdienstgesetz des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt (RettDG LSA) vom 07.11.1993. Gesetz über die Notfallrettung und den Krankentransport im Land Schleswig-Holstein (RDG) vom 29.11.1991. Thüringer Rettungsdienstgesetz (ThüRettG) vom 22.12.1992. § 8 Krankenhausfinanzierungsgesetz (Hospital Financing Act) §§ 14, 30 Gewerbeordnung (German Trade, Commerce and Industry Regulation Act) § 108 Sozialgesetzbuch V (Social Code Book No. V), Statutory Health Insurance § 291b SGB V (Social Code Book No. V) E-health provider § 15 Sozialgesetzbuch VI (SGB VI, Social Code Book No. VI) § 34 Sozialgesetzbuch VII (SGB VII, Social Code Book No. VII), Unfallversicherung § 21 Sozialgesetzbuch IX (SGB IX, Social Code Book No. IX) Rehabilitation und Teilhabe behinderter Menschen) § 72 Sozialgesetzbuch XI (SGB XI, Social Code Book No. XI), Social Care Insurance Landespflegegesetze Gesetz zur Umsetzung der Pflegeversicherung in Baden-Württemberg (Landespflegegesetz — LPflG) vom 11. September 1995, zuletzt geändert sowie Abschnitt 7 neu gefasst durch Arti-kel 1 des Gesetzes vom 15. Juni 2010 (GBl. S. 427) Gesetz zur Ausführung der Sozialgesetze (AGSG) vom 8. Dezember 2006, zuletzt geändert durch § 3 des Gesetzes vom 20. Dezember 2011 (GVBl. S. 689) Gesetz zur Planung und Finanzierung von Pflegeeinrichtungen (Landespflegeeinrichtungsgesetz — LPflegEG) vom 19. Juli 2002, zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz vom 19. Dezember2005 (GVBl. S. 792) Gesetz zur Umsetzung des Elften Buches Sozialgesetzbuch (Landespflegegesetz — LPflegeG) Vom 29. Juni 2004, zuletzt geändert durch Artikel 1 des Gesetzes vom 12. Juli 2011 (GVBl. I S. 15) Gesetz zur Ausführung des Pflege-Versicherungsgesetzes im Lande Bremen und zur Änderung des Bremischen Ausführungs-gesetzes zum Bundessozialhilfegesetz (BremAGPflegeVG) vom 26. März 1996, zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz vom 28. Februar 2012 (GBl. S. 149) Hamburgisches Landespflegegesetz (HmbLPG) vom 18. Sep-tember 2007, zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz vom 22. Juni 2010 (GVBl. S. 440) Hessisches Ausführungsgesetz zum Pflege-Versicherungsgesetz vom 19. Dezember 1994, zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz vom 30. April 1997 (GVBl. I S. 74) Landespflegegesetz (LPflegeG M-V) vom 16. Dezember 2003, zuletzt geändert durch Artikel 3 des Gesetzes vom 29. September 2010 (GVBl. S. 534) Gesetz zur Planung und Förderung von Pflegeeinrichtungen nach dem Elften Buch Sozialgesetzbuch (Niedersächsisches Pflegegesetz — NPflegeG) vom 26. Mai 2004, zuletzt geändert durch Art.1 des Haushaltsbegleitgesetzes vom 17. Dezember 2010 (Nds.GVBl. S.631) Gesetz zur Umsetzung des Pflege-Versicherungsgesetzes (Landespflegegesetz Nordrhein-Westfalen — PfG NW) vom 19. März 1996, zuletzt geändert durch Teil I Artikel 17 des Gesetzes vom 3. Mai 2005 (GVBl. S. 498) Landesgesetz zur Sicherstellung und Weiterentwicklung der pflegerischen Angebotsstruktur (LPflegeASG) vom 25. Juli 2005 (GVBl 2005, S. 299) — (Rheinland-Pfalz) Saarländisches Gesetz Nr. 1355 zur Planung und Förderung von Pflegeeirich-tungen vom 21. Juni 1995, zuletzt geändert durch Gesetzes vom 1. Juli 2009 (ABl. S. 1217) Sächsisches Pflegegesetz (SächsPflegeG) vom 25. März 1996 ist zum 31.12.2002 außer Kraft getreten) Ausführungsgesetz zum Pflege-Versicherungsgesetz (PflegeV-AG) vom 7. August 1996, zuletzt geändert durch Art. 1 des Ge-setzes vom 10. August 2007 (GVBl. S. 306) Ausführungsgesetz zum Pflege-Versicherungsgesetz (Landes-pflegegesetz — LPflegeG) vom 10. Februar 1996, zuletzt geän-dert durch Art. 63 LVO vom 15. September 2010 (GVOBl. S. 575) Thüringer Gesetz zur Ausführung des Pflege-Versicherungs-gesetzes (ThürAGPflegeVG) vom 20. Juli 2005, zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz vom 8. Juni 2010 (GVBl. S. 206) Personenbeförderungsgesetz (Act on Public Transport), Landeskrankenhausgesetz Baden-Württemberg vom 29.11.2007, geändert durch Universitätsmedizingesetz vom 07.02.2011 Bavarian Act on Hospitals (Bayerisches Krankenhausgesetzes — BayKrG) vom 28.03.2007, geändert durch das Nachtragshaus¬halts¬gesetz 2008 vom 23.04.2008, ss. 2 and 3 §§ 12, 13, 14 Krankenhausentwicklungsgesetz Brandenburg (BbgKHEG) vom 08.07.2009 (GVBl. I/09, page 310), Berliner Gesetz zur Neuregelung des Krankenhausrechts vom 18.09.2011 (GVBl. page 483) Bremisches Krankenhausgesetz (BrmKrHG) vom 12.04.2011 (Gesetzblatt Bremen vom 29.04.2011) Hamburgisches Krankenhausgesetz (HmbKHG) vom 17.04.1991 (HmbGVBl. Page127), geändert durch zweites ÄndG vom 06.10.2006 (HmbGVBl. page 510) §§ 17-19 Hessisches Krankenhausgesetz 2011 (HKHG 2011) vom 21.12.2010 (GVBl. I 2010, Seite 587) Krankenhausgesetz für das Land Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (LKHG M-V) vom 20.05.2011 (GVOBl. M-V 2011, page 327), Niedersächsisches Krankenhausgesetz (NKHG) vom 19.01.2012 (Nds. GVBl. Nr. 1 vom 26.01.2012, page 2) Krankenhausgestaltungsgesetz des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (KHGG NRW) vom 11.12.2007 (GV. NRW page 702), geändert am 16.03.2010 (GV. NRW page 184) § 6 Landeskrankenhausgesetz Rheinland-Pfalz (LKG Rh-Pf) in der Fassung vom 01.12.2010 (GVBl. page 433) Saarländisches Krankenhausgesetz (SKHG) vom 13.07.2005, zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz vom 18.11.2010 (Saarl. Amtsbl. I page 1420) Gesetz zur Ausführung des Krankenhausfinan¬zierungs¬gesetzes (AG-KHG) in Schleswig-Holstein vom 12.12.1986 (GVOBl. Schl.-H. page 302), zuletzt geändert am 12.10.2005 § 3 Krankenhausgesetz Sachsen-Anhalt (KHG LSA) vom 14.04.2005 (GVBl. LSA 2005, page 202) Gesetz zur Neuordnung des Krankenhauswesens (Sächsisches Krankenhausgesetz — SächsKHG) vom 19.08.1993 (Sächs GVBl. page 675), zuletzt geändert durch Sächsisches Standortegesetz vom 27.01.2012 (SächsGVBl. Seite 130) § 4 Thüringischer Krankenhausgesetz (Thür KHG) in der Fassung der Neubekanntmachung 30.04.2003 (GVBl. page 262) Gesetz zur Neuordnung des Krankenhauswesens (Sächsisches Krankenhausgesetz — SächsKHG) vom 19. August 1993 (SächsGVBl. page 675), zuletzt geändert durch Artikel 50 des Gesetzes vom 27. Januar 2012 (SächsGVBl. page 130, 147) Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Rescue services and ‘qualified ambulance services’ are organised and regulated by the Länder. Most Länder delegate competences in the field of rescue services to municipalities. Municipalities are allowed to give priority to not-for-profit operators. This applies equally to foreign as well as domestic service suppliers. Ambulance services are subject to planning, permission and accreditation. Telemedicine may only be provided in the context of a primary treatment involving the prior physical presence of a doctor. The number of ICT (information and communications technology)-service suppliers may be limited to guarantee interoperability, compatibility and necessary safety standards. This is applied in a non-discriminatory way.
Sector: Health services Sub-Sector: Veterinary services Industry Classification: CPC 932 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National — Regional (sub-federal) Measures: Federal Code for the Veterinary Profession (Bundes- Tierärzteordnung in der Fassung der Bekanntmachung vom 20. November 1981 (BGBl. I S. 1193), die zuletzt durch Artikel 22 des Gesetzes vom 06.12.2011 (BGBl. I S. 2515) geändert worden ist, § 4Abs. 2) sub-central level: Acts on the Councils for the Medical Profession of the Länder (Heilberufs- und Kammergesetze der Länder) and (based on these) Baden-Württemberg, Gesetz über das Berufsrecht und die Kammern der Ärzte, Zahnärzte, Tierärzte, Apotheker, Psychologischen Psychotherapeuten sowie der Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapeuten (Heilberufe-Kammergesetz — HBKG) in der Fassung vom 16.03.1995 Bayern, Gesetz über die Berufsausübung, die Berufsvertretungen und die Berufsgerichtsbarkeit der Ärzte, Zahnärzte, Tierärzte, Apotheker sowie der Psychologischen Psychotherapeuten und der Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapeuten (Heilberufe-Kammergesetz — HKaG) in der Fassung der Bekanntmachung vom 06.02.2002 Berlin, Gesetz über die Kammern und die Berufsgerichtsbarkeit der Ärzte, Zahnärzte, Tierärzte, Apotheker, Psychologischen Psychotherapeuten und Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapeuten (Berliner Kammergesetz) in der Fassung vom 04.09.1978 (GVBl. S. 1937), zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz vom 17.03.2010 (GVBl. S. 135) Brandenburg, Heilberufsgesetz (HeilBerG) Vom 28.04.2003 (GVBl.I/03, [Nr. 07], S.126), zuletzt geändert durch Artikel 18 des Gesetzes vom 13.03.2012 (GVBl.I/12, [Nr. 16] Bremen, Gesetz über die Berufsvertretung, die Berufsausübung, die Weiterbildung und die Berufsgerichtsbarkeit der Ärzte, Zahnärzte, Psychotherapeuten, Tierärzte und Apotheker (Heilberufsgesetz — HeilBerG) vom 12.05.2005, (Brem.GBl. S. 149) Zuletzt geändert durch Nr. 2.1 i.V.m. Anl. 1 ÄndBek vom 24.01.2012 (Brem.GBl. S. 24) Hamburg, Hamburgisches Kammergesetz für die Heilberufe (HmbKGH) Vom 14.12.2005 Zum Ausgangs- oder Titeldokument (HmbGVBl. 2005, S. 495) zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz vom 02.03.2010 (HmbGVBl. S. 247) Hessen, Gesetz über die Berufsvertretungen, die Berufsausübung, die Weiterbildung und die Berufsgerichtsbarkeit der Ärzte, Zahnärzte, Tierärzte, Apotheker, Psychologischen Psychotherapeuten und Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapeuten (Heilberufsgesetz) in der Fassung vom 07.02.2003, zuletzt geändert durch Artikel 3 des Gesetzes vom 14.05.2012 (GVBl. S. 126) Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Heilberufsgesetz (HeilBerG) Vom 22.01.1993 (GVOBl. M-V 1993, S. 62) zuletzt geändert durch Artikel 3 des Gesetz zur Ergänzung und Änderung von Gesundheitsrecht und zur Änderung des Aufgabenzuordnungsgesetzes vom 06.07.2011 Niedersachsen, Kammergesetz für die Heilberufe (HKG) in der Fassung vom 08.12.2000 zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz vom 09.05.2012 (Nds. GVBl. S. 100) Nordrhein-Westfalen, Heilberufsgesetz NRW (HeilBerg) vom 9. Mai 2000 (GV. NRW. 2000 S. 403ff.) zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz vom 17. Dezember 2009 (GV.NRW 2009 S. 865f) Rheinland-Pfalz, Heilberufsgesetz (HeilBG) vom 20.10.1978, zuletzt geändert durch Artikel 4 des Gesetzes vom 27.10.2009 (GVBl. S. 358) Saarland, Gesetz Nr. 1405 über die öffentliche Berufsvertretung, die Berufspflichten, die Weiterbildung und die Berufsgerichtsbarkeit der Ärzte/Ärztinnen, Zahnärzte/Zahnärztinnen, Tierärzte/Tierärztinnen und Apotheker/Apothekerinnen im Saarland (Saarländisches Heilberufekammergesetz — SHKG) vom 11.03.1998 in der Fassung der Bekanntmachung vom 19.11.2007 (Amtsbl. S. 2190) geändert durch das Gesetz vom 19.11.2008 (Amtsbl. S. 1930) Sachsen, Gesetz über Berufsausübung, Berufsvertretungen und Berufsgerichtsbarkeit der Ärzte, Zahnärzte, Tierärzte, Apotheker sowie der Psychologischen Psychotherapeuten und der Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapeuten im Freistaat Sachsen (Sächsisches Heilberufekammergesetz — SächsHKaG) vom 24.05.1994, Rechtsbereinigt mit Stand vom 5. Juni 2010 Sachsen-Anhalt, Gesetz über die Kammern für Heilberufe Sachsen-Anhalt (KGHB-LSA) vom 13.07.1994 (GVBl. LSA 1994, S. 832) zuletzt geändert durch Artikel 4 des Gesetzes vom 02.02.2011 (GVBl. LSA S. 58) Schleswig-Holstein, Gesetz über die Kammern und die Berufsgerichtsbarkeit für die Heilberufe (Heilberufekammergesetz — HBKG) vom 29. Februar 1996, zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz vom 13.07.2011 (GVOBl. S. 221) Thüringen, Thüringer Heilberufegesetz (ThürHeilBG) in der Fassung der Bekanntmachung vom 29.01.2002 (GVBl 2002, S. 125) zuletzt geändert durch Artikel 14 des Gesetzes vom 08.07.2009 (GVBl. S. 592) Codes of Professional Conduct of the Veterinary Practitioners' Councils (Berufsordnungen der Kammern) Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services Access is restricted to natural persons. Telemedicine may only be provided in the context of a primary treatment involving the prior physical presence of a doctor.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Supply services of support personnel Industry Classification: CPC 87201, CPC 87202, CPC 87203 Type of Reservation: National treatment Level of Government: National Measures: § 1 and 3 Abs 5 Arbeitnehmerüberlassungsgesetz –AÜG, § 292 SGB III, § 42 Beschäftigungsverordnung Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Nationality of a Member State of the EU or a commercial presence in the EU is required in order to obtain a licence to operate as a temporary employment agency (pursuant to s. 3 paras. 2 and 3 of this Act) The Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs may issue a regulation concerning the placement and recruitment of non-EU and non-EEA personnel for specified professions.
Sector: Distribution Sub-Sector: Retail sales of pharmaceutical, medical and orthopaedic goods Industry Classification: CPC 63211 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: § 2 para 2, § 11a Apothekengesetz (German Pharmacy Act), §§ 43 para. 1, 73 para. 1 Nr. 1a Arzneimittelgesetz (German Drugs Act), § 11 Abs. 3a Medizinproduktegesetz Verordnung über Vertriebswege für Medizinprodukte Description: Investment Only natural persons are permitted to provide retail services of pharmaceuticals and specific medical goods to the public. Residency is required in order to obtain a licence as a pharmacist or to open a pharmacy for the retail of pharmaceuticals and certain medical goods to the public. Nationals of other countries or persons who have not passed the German pharmacy exam may only obtain a licence to take over a pharmacy which has already existed during the preceding three years. The total number of pharmacies per person is restricted to one pharmacy and up to three branch pharmacies.
Sector: Fishing Transport Sub-Sector: All commercial marine activity undertaken from a seagoing ship, including fishing, aquaculture, and services incidental to fishing Transport services (passengers and freight) by seagoing vessels Pilotage and berthing services Vessel salvage and refloating services Other supporting services for water transport Construction for waterways, harbours, dams and other water works Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 0501, ISIC rev 3.1 0502, CPC 5133, CPC 5223, CPC 721, CPC 74520, CPC 74540, CPC 74590, CPC 882 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Obligations Level of Government: National Measures: § 1 und § 2 Flaggenrechtsgesetz vom 8. Februar 1951 (BGBl. I S. 79), das durch Artikel 561 der Verordnung vom 31. August 2015 (BGBl. I S. 1474) geändert worden ist. § 3 Abs. 2 Schiffsregisterordnung in der Fassung der Bekanntmachung vom 26. Mai 1994 (BGBl. I S. 1133), die zuletzt durch Artikel 156 der Verordnung vom 31. August 2015 (BGBl. I S. 1474) geändert worden ist. Description: Investment, Cross-Border Trade in Services, and International Maritime Transport Services In order to register a seagoing vessel on the national shipping register, the majority of shares in a vessel must be owned by nationals of a Member State of the EU or companies established in accordance with EU law and that have their principal place of business in a Member State of the EU. The use of the vessel must be headed and supervised by persons residing in Germany
Sector: Transport Sub-Sector: Water transport Supporting services for water transport Rental of ships Leasing or rental services concerning vessels without operators Industry Classification: CPC 72, CPC 745, CPC 83103, CPC 86751, CPC 86754, CPC 8730 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Most-favoured-nation treatment Obligations Level of Government: National — Regional (sub federal) Measures: §§ 1, 2 Flaggenrechtsgesetz (Flag Protection Act),§ 2 Verordnung über die Küstenschifffahrt vom 05.07. 2002, §§ 1, 2 Binnenschifffahrtsaufgabengesetz (BinSchAufgG) Vorschriften aus der (Schifffahrts-) Patentverordnung in der Fassung vom 08.04.2008 § 9 Abs.2 Nr. 1 Seelotsgesetz vom 08.12. 2010 (BGBl. I S. 1864) § 1 Nr. 9, 10, 11 und 13 Seeaufgabengesetz (SeeAufgG), See-Eigensicherungsverordnung vom 19.09.2005 (BGBl. I S. 2787), geändert durch Artikel 516 Verordnung vom 31.10.2006 (BGBl. I S. 2407) Description: Investment, Cross-Border Trade in Services and International Maritime Transport Services A vessel that does not belong to a national of a Member State of the EU may be used in the German federal waterways only after specific authorisation. Cabotage operations may only be performed by vessels flying German or another Member State of the EU flag. Waivers for non-EU vessels may only be granted if no EU vessels are available or if they are available under very unfavourable conditions, or on the basis of reciprocity. Waivers for vessels flying under the Canadian flag may be granted on the basis of reciprocity (§ 2 para. 3 KüSchVO) All activities falling within the scope of the pilot law are regulated and accreditation is restricted to nationals of a Member State of the EU, a Member State of the EEA or the Swiss Confederation. For rental or leasing of ships with or without operators, the conclusion of contracts for freight transport by ships flying a foreign flag or the chartering of such vessels may be restricted, depending on the availability of ships flying under the German flag or the flag of another Member State of the EU. Transactions between residents and non-residents concerning: (a) the rental of internal waterways vessels, which are not registered in the economic area; (b) the transport of freight with such internal waterways vessels; or (c) the towing services by such internal waterways vessels within the economic area may be restricted.
Reservations applicable in Greece
Sector: All sectors Sub-Sector: Acquisition of real estate Industry Classification: Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Law No. 1892/90 Description: Investment For foreign natural or legal persons, discretionary permission from the Ministry of Defence is needed for acquisition of real estate in the border regions either directly or through equity participation in a company which is not listed in the Greek Stock Exchange and which owns real estate in those regions, or any change in the persons of the stockholders of such company.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Legal services Industry Classification: Part of CPC 861 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Lawyers Code (Law 3026/1954), as amended by Presidential Decree 172/1989 Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Full admission to the Bar is required for the practice of legal services in respect of EU law and the law of a Member State of the EU, including representation before courts. Only nationals of a Member State of the EEA or of the Swiss Confederation may be admitted to the Bar, and are thus entitled to provide legal services in respect of domestic law. To provide legal services in respect of EU law and the law of a Member State of the EU, commercial presence may be required to take one of the legal forms which are allowed under national law on a non-discriminatory basis. Some types of legal form may be reserved exclusively to lawyers admitted to the Bar, also on a non-discriminatory basis.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Auditing services Industry Classification: CPC 86211, CPC 86212 other than accounting services Type of Reservation: National treatment Level of Government: National Measures: Presidential Decree 226/1992 Law 3693/2008 on Auditing Standards (Implementation of Directive 2006/43/EC) Law 3386/2005 on the entry, residency and integration of foreign nationals in Greece Law 3844/2010 on Services (Implementation of Directive 2006/123/EC) Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services Nationality of a Member State of the EU is required in order to obtain a licence to be a statutory auditor. By Regulatory Act, the ELTE (Epitropi Logistikis Typopoiissis Kai Elenchon) (Oversight Body in Greece) may issue a licence to an auditor who is a national of Canada or of any third country if, in its discretion, the conditions laid down in Articles 4 and 6 to 11 of Law 3693/2008 is met.
Sector: Health services Sub-Sector: Veterinary services Industry Classification: CPC 932 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Presidential Decree 38/2010, Ministerial Decision 165261/IA/2010 (Gov. Gazette 2157/B) Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services Nationality of a Member State of the EU is required to supply veterinary services.
Sector: Business services and health and social services Sub-Sector: Services provided by nurses, physiotherapists and paramedical personnel Industry Classification: Part of CPC93123, CPC 93191 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Law 1666/1986 Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services Greek nationality is required for dental technicians.
Sector: Distribution Sub-Sector: Retail sales of pharmaceutical, medical and orthopaedic goods Industry Classification: CPC 63211 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Law 5607/1932 as amended by Laws 1963/1991 and 3918/2011 Description: Investment Only natural persons, who are licenced pharmacists, and companies founded by licenced pharmacists, are permitted to provide retail services of pharmaceuticals and specific medical goods to the public. Nationality of a Member State of the EU is required in order to operate a pharmacy.
Sector: Education services Sub-Sector: Primary education services Secondary education services Industry Classification: CPC 921, CPC 922 Type of Reservation: National treatment Senior management and boards of directors Level of Government: National Measures: Laws 682/1977, 284/1968, 2545/1940 and Presidential Decree 211/1994 as amended by Presidential Decree 394/1997 Description: Investment Nationality of a Member State of the EU is required for owners and a majority of the members of the board of directors in privately funded primary and secondary schools, and for teachers in privately funded primary and secondary education.
Sector: Education services Sub-Sector: Higher education services Industry Classification: CPC 923 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Constitution of Hellas, art. 16, par. 5 and Law 3549/2007 Description: Investment Education at university level shall be provided exclusively by institutions which are fully self-governed public law legal persons. However, Law 3696/2008 permits the establishment by EU residents (natural or legal persons) of private tertiary education institutions granting certificates which are not recognised as being equivalent to university degrees.
Sector: Financial services Sub-Sector: Insurance and insurance-related services Industry Classification: Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Legislative Decree 400/1970 Description: Financial Services The right of establishment does not cover the creation of representative offices or other permanent presence of insurance companies, except where such offices are established as agencies, branches or head offices.
Sector: Tourism and travel related services Sub-Sector: Tourist guides services Industry Classification: CPC 7472 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Presidential Decree 38/2010, Ministerial Decision 165261/IA/2010 (Gov. Gazette 2157/B) Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services Nationality of a Member State of the EU is required in order to provide tourist guide services.
Sector: Fishing, transport Sub-Sector: All commercial marine activity undertaken from a seagoing ship, including fishing, aquaculture, and services incidental to fishing Transport services (passengers and freight) by seagoing vessels Pilotage and berthing services Vessel salvage and refloating services Other supporting services for water transport Construction for waterways, harbours, dams and other water works Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 0501, ISIC rev 3.1 0502, CPC 5133, CPC 5223, CPC 721, CPC 74520, CPC 74540, CPC 74590, CPC 882 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Obligations Level of Government: National Measures: Code of Public Maritime Law (Decree no 187/1973, as amended by Presidential Decree no 11/2000, art. 5 Description: Investment, Cross-Border Trade in Services, and International Maritime Transport Services Over 50 per cent of shares of a seagoing vessel must be owned by EU or nationals of a Member State of the EEA or companies in order to be registered on the registry of Greece. The vessel must be managed from Greece.
Sector: Transport Sub-Sector: Supporting services for water transport Industry Classification: CPC 745 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Code of Public Maritime Law (Legislative Decree 187/1973) Description: Investment Public monopoly imposed in port areas for cargo-handling services.
Sector: Road transport Sub-Sector: Operators of road freight transport services Industry Classification: CPC 7123 Type of Reservation: National treatment Most-favoured-nation treatment Level of Government: National Measures: Licensing of road freight transport operators: Greek law 3887/2010 (Government Gazette A' 174), as amended by art. 5 of law 4038/2012 (Government Gazette A' 14)-EC Regulations 1071/2009 and 1072/2009 Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services In order to engage in the occupation of road freight transport operator a Hellenic licence is needed. Licences are granted on non–discriminatory terms, under condition of reciprocity Road freight transport operations established in Greece may only use vehicles that are registered in Greece.
Reservations applicable in Hungary
Sector: All sectors Sub-Sector: Acquisition of real estate Industry Classification: Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Government Decree No. 251/2014 (X. 2.) Description: Investment The purchase of real estate by non-residents is subject to obtaining authorisation from the appropriate administrative authority responsible for the geographical location of the property.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Legal services Industry Classification: Part of CPC 861 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: ACT XI of 1998 on Attorneys at Law Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Full admission to the Bar is required for the practice of legal services in respect of Hungarian law, including representation before courts. Full admission to the Bar is subject to a nationality condition, coupled with a residency requirement. Only nationals of a Member State of the EEA may be admitted to the Bar, and are thus entitled to provide legal services in respect of domestic law. Commercial presence should take the form of partnership with a Hungarian barrister (ügyvéd) or a barrister's office (ügyvédi iroda). For foreign lawyers, the scope of legal activities is limited to the provision of legal advice on home country and international law, which shall take place on the basis of a collaboration contract concluded with a Hungarian attorney or a law firm.
Sector: Legal services Sub-Sector: Patent agents Industry Classification: CPC 8613 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Act XXXII of 1995 on Patent Attorneys Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services For supplying patent agent services, residency is required for non-nationals of a Member State of the EEA.
Sector: Professional services Sub-Sector: Taxation advisory services Architectural services Engineering services Integrated engineering services Industry Classification: CPC 863, CPC 8671, CPC 8672, CPC 8673 Type of Reservation: National treatment Level of Government: National Measures: Act LVIII of 1996 on the Professional Chambers of Architects and Engineers Act XCII of 2003 on the Rules of Taxation, Decree of the Ministry of Finance No. 26/2008 on the licensing and registration of taxation advisory activities Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services The provision of the following services, insofar as they are being supplied by a physical person present in the territory of Hungary, requires residency: (a) Taxation advisory services; (b) Architectural services; (c) Engineering services (only applicable to graduate trainees); and (d) Integrated Engineering services.
Sector: Professional services Sub-Sector: Landscape architectural services Industry Classification: CPC 8674 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Act LVIII of 1996 on the Professional Chambers of Architects and Engineers Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services The supply of landscape architectural services by non-nationals of a Member State of the EEA requires residency. The supply of landscape architecture services is therefore only available to service suppliers established or resident in the EEA.
Sector: Health services Sub-Sector: Veterinary services Industry Classification: CPC 932 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Act CXXVII of 2012 on the Hungarian Veterinary Chamber and on the conditions how to supply Veterinary services Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services For supplying veterinary services, membership of the Hungarian Veterinary Chamber is required. Only nationals of a Member State of the EEA may be admitted to the Chamber. Authorisation for establishment is subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: labour market conditions in the sector.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Services related to management consulting — arbitration and conciliation services Industry Classification: CPC 86602 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Act LV of 2002 on Mediation Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services An authorisation, by means of admission into the register, by the minister in charge of the juridical system is required for the pursuit of mediation (such as arbitration and conciliation) activities which may only be granted to juridical or natural persons that are established in or resident in Hungary.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Translation services Industry Classification: CPC 87905 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Decree of the Council of Ministers No. 24/1986 on Official translation and interpretation Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Official translations, official certifications of translations, and certified copies of official documents in foreign languages may only be provided by the Hungarian Office for Translation and Attestation (OFFI).
Sector: Distribution Sub-Sector: Retail sales of pharmaceutical, medical and orthopaedic goods Industry Classification: CPC 63211 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Act XCVIII of 2006 on the General Provisions Relating to the Reliable and Economically Feasible Supply of Medicinal Products and Medical Aids and on the Distribution of Medicinal Products Description: Investment EEA nationality is required in order to operate a pharmacy. Establishment authorisation is subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: density conditions in the area.
Sector: Financial services Sub-Sector: Banking and other financial services Industry Classification: CPC 811, CPC 813 Type of Reservation: Cross-border supply of financial services Level of Government: National Measures: Act CCXXXVII of 2013 on Credit Institutions and Financial Enterprises Description: Financial Services Non-EEA companies may provide financial services or engage in activities auxiliary to financial services solely through their Hungarian branch.
Sector: Financial services Sub-Sector: Banking and other financial services Industry Classification: CPC 811, CPC 813 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Act CCXXXVII of 2013 on Credit Institutions and Financial Enterprises; Act CXX of 2001 on the Capital Market Description: Financial Services The board of directors of a credit institution shall have at least two members recognised as resident according to foreign exchange laws and having had prior permanent residence in Hungary for at least one year. Branches of non-EEA investment fund management companies may not engage in the management of European investment funds and may not provide asset management services to private pension funds.
Sector: Tourism and travel related services Sub-Sector: Travel agencies and tour operators services Tourist guide services Industry Classification: CPC 7471, CPC 7472 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Act CLXIV of 2005 on Trade, Government Decree No. 213/1996 (XII.23.) on Travel Organization and Agency Activities Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services The supply of Travel Agent and Tour Operators services, and Tourist Guide Services on a cross-border basis is subject to a licence issued by the Hungarian Trade Licensing Office. Licences are reserved to nationals of a Member State of the EEA and juridical persons having their seats in the EEA Member States.
Sector: Fishing, transport Sub-Sector: All commercial marine activity undertaken from a seagoing ship, including fishing, aquaculture, and services incidental to fishing Transport services (passengers and freight) by seagoing vessels Pilotage and berthing services Vessel salvage and refloating services Other supporting services for water transport Construction for waterways, harbours, dams and other water works Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 0501, ISIC rev 3.10502, CPC 5133, CPC 5223, CPC 721, CPC 74520, CPC 74540, CPC 74590, CPC 882 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Obligations Level of Government: National Measures: Act XLII of 2000 on Shipping Description: Investment and International Maritime Transport Services To register a vessel in Hungary in order to fly a national flag, a majority EEA-ownership of the vessel is required. EEA nationality is required for the captain and first officer of vessels.
Reservations applicable in Ireland
Sector: Agriculture and hunting Sub-Sector: Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 1531 Type of Reservation: National treatment Level of Government: National Measures: Agriculture Produce (Cereals) Act, 1933 Description: Investment Establishment by Canadian residents in flour milling activities is subject to authorisation.
Sector: Mining and quarrying Sub-Sector: Mining of coal and lignite Extraction of peat Mining of metal ores Other mining and quarrying Services Incidental to Mining Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 10, ISIC rev 3.1 13, ISIC rev 3.1 14, CPC 883 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National and regional Measures: Minerals Development Acts 1940 — 1999, Planning Acts and Environmental Regulations Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services A Prospecting License gives the holder the right to explore for certain specific minerals. Only holders of current Prospecting Licenses are considered for State Mining Leases or Licenses to develop such minerals within the lease or licence area, whether the minerals are State-owned or privately-owned. Exploration and mining companies operating in Ireland are required to have a presence there. In the case of minerals exploration, there is a requirement that companies (Irish and foreign) employ either the services of an agent or a resident exploration manager in Ireland while work is being undertaken. In the case of mining, it is a requirement that a State Mining Lease or License be held by a company incorporated in Ireland, which has power in its memorandum of association to comply with the various covenants in the Lease or License.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Legal services Industry Classification: Part of CPC 861 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Solicitors Acts 1954-2011 Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Full admission to the Bar is required for the practice of legal services in respect of Irish law, including representation before courts. Residency (commercial presence) is required in order to obtain full admission to the Bar. To provide legal services in respect of EU law and the law of a Member State of the EU, commercial presence may be required to take one of the legal forms which are allowed under national law on a non-discriminatory basis. Some types of legal form may be reserved exclusively to lawyers admitted to the Bar, also on a non-discriminatory basis. Lawyers in Ireland are divided into two distinct categories: solicitors and barristers. The Law Society of Ireland is the statutory legal professional body that governs admission of solicitors in Ireland. The Honorable Society of King's Inns governs the admission of barristers in Ireland.
Sector: Health services Sub-Sector: Veterinary services Industry Classification: CPC 932 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Veterinary Practice Act 2005 Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Access through partnership or natural persons only.
Sector: Fishing, transport Sub-Sector: All commercial marine activity undertaken from a seagoing ship, including fishing, aquaculture, and services incidental to fishing Transport services (passengers and freight) by seagoing vessels Pilotage and berthing services Vessel salvage and refloating services Other supporting services for water transport Construction for waterways, harbours, dams and other water works Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 0501, ISIC rev 3.1 0502, CPC 5133, CPC 5223, CPC 721, CPC 74520, CPC 74540, CPC 74590, CPC 882 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Obligations Level of Government: National Measures: Mercantile Marine Act 1955 as amended by the Merchant Shipping (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1998 Description: Investment, Cross-Border Trade in Services, and International Maritime Transport Services Foreign investors investing in a body corporate established under and subject to the law of a Member State of the EU, and which has its principal office in Ireland or another Member State of the EU, may register a vessel on the Irish Ship Register.
Reservations applicable in Italy
Sector: Publishing and printing Sub-Sector: ISIC rev 3.1 221, ISIC rev 3.1 222 Industry Classification: National treatment Market access Type of Reservation: Most-favoured-nation treatment Level of Government: National Measures: Law 416/1981, art. 1 (and subsequent amendments) Description: Investment In so far as Canada and its provinces and territories allow Italian nationals and enterprises to conduct these activities, Italy will allow nationals of Canada and enterprises to conduct these activities under the same conditions. In so far as Canada and its provinces and territories allow Italian investors to own more than 49 per cent of the capital and voting rights in a Canadian publishing company, then Italy will allow Canadian investors to own more than 49 per cent of the capital and voting rights in an Italian publishing company under the same conditions.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Legal services Industry Classification: Part of CPC 861 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Royal Decree 1578/1933, art. 17 law on the legal profession Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Full admission to the Bar is required for the practice of legal services in respect of Italian law, including representation before courts. Residency (commercial presence) is required in order to obtain full admission to the Bar. To provide legal services in respect of EU and Italian law, commercial presence may be required to take one of the legal forms which are allowed under national law on a non-discriminatory basis. Some types of legal form may be reserved exclusively to lawyers admitted to the Bar, also on a non-discriminatory basis.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Accounting and bookkeeping services Auditing services Taxation advisory services Industry Classification: CPC 86211, CPC 86212,CPC 86213, CPC 86219, CPC 86220, CPC 863 Type of Reservation: Market access National treatment Level of Government: National Measures: Auditing: Legislative Decree 58/1998, art. 155, 158 and 161 Decree of the President of the Republic 99/1998 Legislative Decree 39/2010, art. 2 Accounting, Bookkeeping and Taxation: Legislative Decree 139/2005, Law 248/2006 Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services For auditing services or taxation advisory services, residency in Italy is required for individual auditors or tax advisors. Residence or business domicile is required for enrolment in the professional register, which is necessary for the provision of accounting and bookkeeping services.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Architectural services Engineering services Urban planning and landscape architectural services Industry Classification: CPC 8671, CPC 8672, CPC 8673, CPC 8674 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Royal Decree 2537/1925 regulation on the profession of architect and engineer Law 1395/1923 Decree of the President of the Republic (D.P.R.) 328/2001 Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services Residency in Italy is required for enrolment in the professional register, which is necessary for the practice of the profession.
Sector: Health services Sub-Sector: Veterinary services Industry Classification: CPC 932 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Legislative Decree C.P.S. 233/1946, arts. 7-9 Decree of the President of the Republic (DPR) 221/1950, para. 7 Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services Residency in Italy is required for enrolment in the professional register, which is necessary for the practice of the profession.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Research and experimental development services on social sciences and humanities — psychologists Industry Classification: CPC 852 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Law 56/1989 on the psychologist profession Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services Residency in Italy is required for enrolment in the professional register, which is necessary for the practice of the profession. Nationality of a Member State of the EU is required to practice the profession, except foreign professionals may be allowed to practice based on reciprocity.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Engineering related scientific and technical consulting services Technical testing and analysis services Services incidental to agriculture Industry Classification: CPC 8675, CPC 8676, part of CPC 881 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Most-favoured-nation treatment Level of Government: National Measures: Geologists: Law 112/1963, arts. 2 and 5; D.P.R. 1403/1965, art. 1 Biologists, chemical analysts: Law 396/1967 on the profession of biologists; Royal Decree 842/1928 on the profession of chemical analysts Agronomists: Law 3/1976 on the profession of agronomists ‘Periti agrari’: Law 434/1968 as amended by Law 54/1991 Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services Residency or professional domicile in Italy is required for enrolment in the geologists' register, which is necessary for the practice of the professions of surveyor or geologist in order to provide services relating to exploration and the operation of mines, etc. There is a nationality of a Member State of the EU requirement, however, foreigners may enrol under condition of reciprocity. For biologists, chemical analysts, agronomists and ‘periti agrari’, residency and enrolment in the professional register is required. Third country nationals can enrol under condition of reciprocity.
Sector: Mining and quarrying Sub-Sector: Mining of coal and lignite Extraction of peat Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas Mining of metal ores Other mining and quarrying Engineering related scientific and technical consulting services Services incidental to mining Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 10, ISIC rev 3.1 11, ISIC rev 3.1 12, ISIC rev 3.1 13, ISIC rev 3.1 14, CPC 8675, CPC 883 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National and regional (for exploration) Measures: Exploration services: Royal Decree 1443/1927; Legislative Decree 112/1998, art. 34 Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Mines belonging to the State have specific exploration and mining rules. Prior to any exploitation activity, a permit for exploration is needed (‘permesso di ricerca’, art. 4 Royal Decree 1443/1927). This permit has a duration, defines exactly the borders of the ground under exploration and more than one exploration permit may be granted for the same area to different persons or companies (this type of licence is not necessarily exclusive). In order to cultivate and exploit minerals, an authorisation (‘concessione’, art. 14) from the regional authority is required.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Security services Industry Classification: CPC 87302, CPC 87303, CPC 87304, CPC 87305, CPC 87309 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Law on public security (TULPS) 773/1931, arts. 133-141, Royal Decree 635/1940, art. 257 Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Nationality of a Member State of the EU and residency is required in order to obtain the necessary authorisation to supply security guard services and the transport of valuables.
Sector: Distribution services Sub-Sector: Distribution of tobacco Industry Classification: Part of CPC 6222, part of CPC 6310 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Legislative Decree 184/2003 Law 165/1962 Law 3/2003 Law 1293/1957 Law 907/1942 Decree of the President of the Republic (D.P.R.) 1074/1958 Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services In order to distribute and sell tobacco, a licence is needed. The licence is granted through public procedures. The granting of licences is subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: population and geographical density of existing selling points. For an intermediary between wholesale and retail, owners of shops (magazzini), nationality of a Member State of the EU is required.
Sector: Distribution Sub-Sector: Retail sales of pharmaceutical, medical and orthopaedic goods Industry Classification: CPC 63211 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Law 362/1991, arts. 1, 4, 7 and 9 Legislative Decree CPS 233/1946, arts. 7-9 Decree of the President of the Republic (D.P.R. 221/1950, pars. 3 and 7 Description: Investment An authorisation is needed to open a pharmacy which is subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: population and geographical density of existing pharmacies. New or vacant pharmacies are authorised following a public competition. Only nationals of a Member State of the EU enrolled in the Register of pharmacists (‘albo’) are able to participate in a public competition. The practice of the profession is possible only for natural persons enrolled in the register, as well as for juridical persons in the form of partnerships, where every partner of the company must be an enrolled pharmacist. Enrolment in the pharmacist professional register requires nationality of a Member State of the EU or residency and the practice of the profession in Italy. Foreign nationals having the necessary qualifications may enrol if they are citizens of a country with whom Italy has a special agreement, authorising the exercise of the profession, under condition of reciprocity (D. Lgsl. CPS 233/1946 arts. 7-9 and D.P.R. 221/1950 pars. 3 and 7).
Sector: Education services Sub-Sector: Higher education services Industry Classification: CPC 92 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Royal Decree 1592/1933 (Law on secondary education) Law 243/1991 (Occasional public contribution for private universities) Resolution 20/2003 of CNVSU (Comitato nazionale per la valutazione del sistema universitario) Decree of the President of the Republic (DPR) 25/1998 Description: Investment An economic needs test is applied for the opening of privately funded universities authorised to issue recognised diplomas or degrees based on a three year programme. Main criteria: population and density of existing establishments. Only Italian juridical persons may be authorised to issue state-recognised diplomas.
Sector: Financial services Sub-Sector: Insurance and insurance-related services Industry Classification: Type of Reservation: Cross-border supply of financial services Level of Government: National Measures: Law 194/1942, art. 4 Law 4/1999 on the register Description: Financial Services Residency in Italy is required for enrolment in the actuarial register, which is necessary for the practice of the actuarial profession.
Sector: Financial services Sub-Sector: Banking and other financial services (excluding insurance) Industry Classification: Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Cross-border supply of financial services Level of Government: National Measures: Legislative Decree 58/1998, arts. 1, 19, 28, 30-33, 38, 69 and 80 Joint Regulation of Bank of Italy and Consob 22.2.1998, arts. 3 and 41 Regulation of Bank of Italy 25.1.2005, Title V, Chapter VII, Section II Consob Regulation 16190 of 29.10.2007, arts. 17-21, 78-81, 91-111 Description: Financial Services In order to be authorised to manage the securities settlement system or central securities depository services with an establishment in Italy, a company is required to be incorporated in Italy (no branches). In the case of collective investment schemes other than undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities (‘UCITS’) harmonised under EU legislation, the trustee or depository is required to be incorporated in Italy or in another Member State of the EU and established through a branch in Italy. Management enterprises of UCITS not harmonised under EU legislation are also required to be incorporated in Italy (no branches). Only banks, insurance enterprises, investment firms and enterprises managing UCITS harmonised under EU legislation having their legal head office in the EU, as well as UCITS incorporated in Italy may carry out the activity of pension fund resources management. In providing the activity of door-to-door selling, intermediaries must utilise authorised financial salesmen resident within the territory of a Member State of the EU. Representative offices of non-EU intermediaries cannot carry out activities aimed at providing investment services, including trading for own account and for account of customers, placement and underwriting of financial instruments (branch required).
Sector: Tourism and travel related services Sub-Sector: Tourist guides services Industry Classification: CPC 7472 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: Regional Measures: Law 135/2001 arts. 7.5 and 6 Law 40/2007 (DL 7/2007) Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services Tourist guides from non-EU countries need to obtain a specific licence from the Region in order to act as a professional tourist guide. Tourist guides from Member States of the EU can work freely without the requirement for such a licence. The licence is granted to tourist guides demonstrating adequate competence and knowledge.
Sector: Fishing Transport Sub-Sector: All commercial marine activity undertaken from a seagoing ship, including fishing, aquaculture, and services incidental to fishing Transport services (passengers and freight) by seagoing vessels Pilotage and berthing services Vessel salvage and refloating services Other supporting services for water transport Construction for waterways, harbours, dams and other water works Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 0501, ISIC rev 3.1 0502, CPC 5133, CPC 5223, CPC 721, CPC 74520, CPC 74540, CPC 74590, CPC 882 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Obligations Level of Government: National Measures: Legal basis Royal Decree 327/1942 (modified with Law 222/2007), art. 143 and 221 (Navigation Code) Description: Investment and International Maritime Transport Services Foreigners other than EU residents cannot own a majority interest in Italian flagged vessels or a controlling interest in ship owning companies having their headquarters in Italy.
Sector: Transport Sub-Sector: Supporting services for water transport Industry Classification: Part of CPC 745 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Shipping Code Law 84/1994 Ministerial decree 585/1995 Description: Investment An Economic Needs Test is applied for maritime cargo-handling services. Main criteria: number of and impact on existing establishments, population density, geographic spread and creation of new employment.
Reservations applicable in Latvia
Sector: All sectors Sub-Sector: Acquisition of real estate Industry Classification: Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Most-favoured-nation treatment Level of Government: National Measures: Law on land reform in the cities of the Republic of Latvia, ss. 20, 21 Law on land privatisation in rural areas, s. 28 Description: Investment Acquisition of urban land by nationals of Canada or of a third country is permitted through incorporated companies registered in Latvia or other Member States of the EU: (a) if more than 50 per cent of their equity capital is owned by nationals of Member States of the EU, the Latvian Government or a municipality, separately or in total; (b) if more than 50 per cent of their equity capital is owned by natural persons and companies of third country with whom Latvia has concluded bilateral agreements on promotion and reciprocal protection of investments and which have been approved by the Latvian Parliament before 31 December 1996; (c) if more than 50 per cent of their equity capital is possessed by natural persons and companies of third country with whom Latvia has concluded bilateral agreements on promotion and reciprocal protection of investments after 31 December 1996, if in those agreements the rights of Latvian natural persons and companies on acquisition of land in the respective third country have been determined; (d) if more than 50 per cent of their equity capital is possessed by persons from a) to c) together; (e) which are public joint stock companies, if their shares thereof are quoted in the stock exchange. Where Canada and its provinces and territories allow Latvian nationals and enterprises to purchase urban real estate in their territories, Latvia will allow nationals of Canada and enterprises to purchase urban real estate in Latvia under the same conditions as Latvian nationals.
Sector: Distribution and health services Sub-Sector: Retail sales of pharmaceutical, medical and orthopaedic goods Other services provided by pharmacists Industry Classification: CPC 63211 Type of Reservation: National treatment Level of Government: National Measures: Pharmaceutical Law, s. 38 Description: Investment In order to commence independent practice in a pharmacy, a foreign pharmacist or pharmacist's assistant, educated in a state which is not a Member State of the EU or a Member State of the EEA, must work for at least one year in a pharmacy under the supervision of a pharmacist.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Legal services Industry Classification: Part of CPC 861 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Criminal Procedure Law, s. 79 Advocacy Law of the Republic of Latvia, s. 4 Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services In order to obtain full admission to the Bar, which is required to practice as a sworn solicitor or as an assistant of a sworn solicitor, Latvian nationality is required. Sworn solicitors who are nationals of a Member State of the EU, and who have registered in the Latvian Council of Sworn Advocates, have the right to participate and vote in the General Meeting of Sworn Advocates. Providing domestic legal services (the services of an advocate and legal representation in criminal proceedings) in Latvia in accordance with its law is only permitted by: (a) a sworn solicitor or an assistant of a sworn solicitor holding Latvian nationality; or (b) a national of a Member State of the EU who has been designated as an advocate in one of the Member States of the EU; or (c) a foreign advocate, in the framework of an agreement on legal assistance concluded between Latvia and the relevant foreign country. For advocates of a Member State of the EU or foreign advocates, special requirements exist. For example, participation in court proceedings in criminal cases is only permitted in association with an advocate of the Latvian Collegium of Sworn Advocates. To provide legal services in respect of EU law and the law of a Member State of the EU, commercial presence may be required to take one of the legal forms which are allowed under national law on a non-discriminatory basis. Some types of legal form may be reserved exclusively to lawyers admitted to the Bar, also on a non-discriminatory basis.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Auditing services Industry Classification: CPC 86211, CPC 86212 other than accounting services Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Law on Sworn Auditors Description: Investment In a commercial company of sworn auditors, a foreign investor may only own more than 50 per cent of the voting capital shares, if they are qualified as sworn auditors or commercial companies of sworn auditors, or auditors or commercial companies of auditors of Member States of the EU or Member States of the EEA, who, in accordance with laws of the Member State of the EU or the Member State of the EEA, are entitled to pursue the professional activity of a sworn auditor or a company of sworn auditors, as this professional activity is defined in the laws of Latvia.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Printing and publishing Industry Classification: CPC 88442 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Law on the Press and Other Mass Media, s. 8 Description: Investment Only legal persons incorporated in Latvia, and natural persons of Latvia have the right to found and publish mass media. Branches are not allowed.
Sector: Fishing Transport Sub-Sector: All commercial marine activity undertaken from a seagoing ship, including fishing, aquaculture, and services incidental to fishing Transport services (passengers and freight) by seagoing vessels Pilotage and berthing services Vessel salvage and refloating services Other supporting services for water transport Construction for waterways, harbours, dams and other water works Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 0501, ISIC rev 3.1 0502, CPC 5133, CPC 5223, CPC 721, CPC 74520, CPC 74540, CPC 74590, CPC 882 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Obligations Level of Government: National Measures: Law ‘Maritime Code’ Description: Investment, Cross-Border Trade in Services, and International Maritime Transport Services The Latvian flag is granted only to vessels registered in the Ship Register of Latvia, and these vessels must be managed by EU registered entity. Foreign owners not incorporated in the EU can register vessels in the Ship Register, provided that their technical management is performed by a legal person registered in Latvia on the basis of a ship management contract.
Reservations applicable in Lithuania
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Legal services Industry Classification: Part of CPC 861 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Most-favoured-nation treatment Level of Government: National Measures: Law on the Bar of the Republic of Lithuania of 18 March 2004 No. IX-2066 as last amended on 17 November 2011 No.XI-1688 Republic of Lithuania Law on the Notarial profession 15 September 1992 — No. I-2882 (As last amended on 19 April 2012 — No. X-1979) Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Full admission to the Bar is required for the practice of legal services in respect of EU law and the law of a Member State of the EU, including representation before courts. To provide legal services in respect of EU law and the law of a Member State of the EU, commercial presence may be required to take one of the legal forms which are allowed under national law on a non-discriminatory basis. Some types of legal form may be reserved exclusively to lawyers admitted to the Bar, also on a non-discriminatory basis. Only nationals of a Member State of the EEA or of the Swiss Confederation may be admitted to the Bar, and are thus entitled to provide legal services in respect of domestic law. Attorneys from foreign countries can act as advocates in court only in accordance with bilateral agreements on legal assistance.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Auditing services Industry Classification: CPC 86211, CPC86212 other than accounting services Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Law on Audit of 15 June 1999 No. VIII -1227 (a new version of 3 July 2008 No. X-1676) Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Not less than 75 per cent of shares shall belong to auditors or auditing companies of the EU or EEA. An auditor's report must be prepared in conjunction with an auditor accredited to practice in Lithuania. Establishment is not permitted in the form of a Public Stock Corporation (AB).
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Patent agents Industry Classification: Part of CPC 879 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Law on Trade Marks of 10 October 2000 No. VIII-1981 Law on Designs of 7 November 2002 No. IX-1181 Patent Law of 18 January 1994 No. I-372 Law on the Legal Protection of Topographies of Semiconductor Products of 16 June 1998 Patent Attorneys Regulation, approved by the Order of Government of the Republic of Lithuania on 20 May 1992 No. 362 (as last amended on 8 November 2004 No. 1410) Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Third country (non-Member States of the EU) nationals are not allowed to be registered as patent attorneys. Only patent attorneys are allowed to provide patent agent services in Lithuania.
Sector: Distribution Sub-Sector: Distribution of pyrotechnics Industry Classification: Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Law on Supervision of Civil Pyrotechnics Circulation (23 March 2004. No. IX-2074) Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services The distribution of pyrotechnics is subject to licensing. Only the juridical persons established in the EU may obtain a licence.
Sector: Energy Sub-Sector: Pipeline transport of fuels Services incidental to energy distribution Industry Classification: CPC 713, CPC 887 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Law on Natural Gas of the Republic of Lithuania of 10 October 2000 No. VIII-1973 Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services Establishment is required. Licences for transmission and distribution of fuels may only be issued to legal persons of Lithuania or branches of foreign legal persons or other organisations (subsidiaries) established in Lithuania. This reservation does not apply to consultancy services related to the transmission and distribution on a fee or contract basis of fuels.
Sector: Energy Sub-Sector: Transmission and distribution of electricity Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 401, CPC 887 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Law on electricity of the Republic of Lithuania of 20 July 2000 No. VIII-1881 Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services The licences for transmission, distribution, public supply and organizing of trade of electricity may only be issued to legal persons of Lithuania or branches of foreign legal person or other organisations established in Lithuania. This reservation does not apply to consultancy services related to the transmission and distribution on a fee or contract basis of electricity.
Sector: Fishing, transport Sub-Sector: All commercial marine activity undertaken from a seagoing ship, including fishing, aquaculture, and services incidental to fishing Transport services (passengers and freight) by seagoing vessels Pilotage and berthing services Vessel salvage and refloating services Other supporting services for water transport Construction for waterways, harbours, dams and other water works Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 0501, ISIC rev 3.1 0502, CPC 5133, CPC 5223, CPC 721, CPC 74520, CPC 74540, CPC 74590 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Obligations Level of Government: National Measures: The Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Merchant Shipping of 12 September 1996, No. I-1513 Description: Investment and International Maritime Transport Services The Lithuanian flag is granted only to vessels registered in the Lithuanian register of maritime vessels and owned or chartered (bareboat charter) by a Lithuanian citizen or company established (incorporated) in Lithuania.
Sector: Transport Sub-Sector: Rail transport services Industry Classification: CPC 711 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Railway transport Code of the Republic of Lithuania of 22 April 2004 No. IX-2152 as amended by 8 June 2006 No. X-653. Description: Investment The exclusive rights for the provision of transit services are granted to railway undertakings which are owned, or whose stock is 100 per cent owned, by the state.
Reservations applicable in Luxembourg
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Legal services Industry Classification: Part of CPC 861 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Loi du 16 décembre 2011 modifiant la loi du 10 août 1991 sur la profession d'avocat Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Full admission to the Bar is required for the practice of legal services in respect of Luxembourg law, including representation before courts. Nationality of a Member State of the EU and residency (commercial presence) is required in order to obtain full admission to the Bar. The Council of the Order may, on the basis of reciprocity, agree to waive the nationality requirement for a foreign national. To provide legal services in respect of Luxembourg law, commercial presence may be required to take one of the legal forms which are allowed under national law on a non-discriminatory basis. Some types of legal form may be reserved exclusively to lawyers admitted to the Bar, also on a non-discriminatory basis.
Sector: Distribution Sub-Sector: Retail sales of pharmaceutical, medical and orthopaedic goods Industry Classification: CPC 63211 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Loi du 4 juillet 1973 concernant le régime de la pharmacie (annex a043) Règlement grand-ducal du 27 mai 1997 relatif à l'octroi des concessions de pharmacie (annex a041) Règlement grand-ducal du 11 février 2002 modifiant le règlement grand-ducal du 27 mai 1997 relatif à l'octroi des concessions de pharmacie (annex a017) Description: Investment Only natural persons are permitted to provide retail services of pharmaceuticals and specific medical goods to the public.
Sector: Fishing Transport Sub-Sector: All commercial marine activity undertaken from a seagoing ship, including fishing, aquaculture, and services incidental to fishing Transport services (passengers and freight) by seagoing vessels Pilotage and berthing services Vessel salvage and refloating services Other supporting services for water transport Construction for waterways, harbours, dams and other water works Industry Classification: ISIC rev 3.1 0501, ISIC rev 3.1 0502, CPC 5133, CPC 5223, CPC 721, CPC 74520, CPC 74540, CPC 74590, CPC 882 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Obligations Level of Government: National Measures: Law 9 November 1990 Description: Investment, Cross-Border Trade in Services, and International Maritime Transport Services Foreign investors that are not nationals of a Member State of the EU or not incorporated in the EU or having their principal office in the EU, cannot own 50 per cent or more of a seagoing vessel flying the flag of Luxembourg. This reservation does not apply to a ship that is bareboat chartered to a charterer that would satisfy the above owner-ship requirements and is actually making use of the ship.
Reservations applicable in Malta
Sector: All sectors Sub-Sector: Acquisition of real estate Industry Classification: Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Immoveable Property (Acquisition By Non-Residents) Act (Cap. 246) Protocol No. 6 of the EU Accession Treaty on the acquisition of secondary residences in Malta Description: Investment Non-nationals of a Member State of the EU may not acquire immovable property for commercial purposes. Companies with 25 per cent (or more) of non-EU shareholding must obtain an authorisation from the Competent Authority (Minister responsible for Finance) to buy immovable property for commercial or business purposes. The Competent Authority will determine whether the proposed acquisition represents a net benefit to the Maltese economy.
Sector: Business services Sub-Sector: Legal services Industry Classification: Part of CPC 861 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Code of Organisation and Civil Procedure (Cap. 12) Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Full admission to the Bar is required for the practice of legal services in respect of Maltese law, including representation before courts. Residency (commercial presence) is required in order to obtain full admission to the Bar. To provide legal services in respect of Maltese law, commercial presence may be required to take one of the legal forms which are allowed under national law on a non-discriminatory basis. Some types of legal form may be reserved exclusively to lawyers admitted to the Bar, also on a non-discriminatory basis. Only nationals of a Member State of the EEA or of the Swiss Confederation may be admitted to the Bar, and are thus entitled to provide legal services in respect of Maltese law.
Sector: Distribution Sub-Sector: Retail sales of pharmaceutical, medical and orthopaedic goods Industry Classification: CPC 63211 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Pharmacy Licence Regulations (LN279/07) issued under the Medicines Act (Cap. 458) Description: Investment Issuance of Pharmacy licences under specific restrictions. No person shall have more than one licence in his name in any town or village (Regulation 5(1) of the Pharmacy Licence Regulations (LN279/07)), except in the case where there are no further applications for that town or village (Regulation 5(2) of the Pharmacy Licence Regulations (LN279/07)).
Sector: Education services Sub-Sector: Higher education services Adult education services Industry Classification: CPC 923, CPC 924 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Legal Notice 296 of 2012 Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services Service suppliers seeking to provide privately funded higher or adult education services must obtain a licence from the Ministry of Education and Employment. The decision on whether to issue a licence may be discretionary.
Sector: Transport Sub-Sector: Water transport Supporting services for water transport Industry Classification: CPC 721, part of 742, CPC 745,part of CPC 749 Type of Reservation: National treatment Market access Obligations Level of Government: National Measures: Gozo Passenger and Goods Service (Fares) Regulations (SL499.31) Exclusive rights are allocated through public procurement procedures on the basis of contracts Description: Investment, Cross-Border Trade in Services and International Maritime Transport Services A licence is required from Transport Malta for the Rental of Vessels with Crew for vessels trading exclusively within local waters. Specific Public Service Obligations govern commercial shipping exclusively within Malta's internal waters. Regarding the cabotage restriction between Malta and Gozo, exclusive rights are given according on the basis of a concession awarded by the Government. This exclusivity only relates to the route Malta-Gozo between the Port of ?irkewwa and the Port of Marsamxetto (Malta) and the Port of M?arr (Gozo) for the carriage of passengers, vehicles and goods.The tariffs for such services are regulated by law through the Gozo Passenger and Goods Service (Fares) Regulations (SL499.31). Nationality condition for supporting services.
Sector: Transport services Sub-Sector: Other transport services Industry Classification: CPC 712 Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Taxi Services Regulations (SL499.59) Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services Taxis: Numerical restrictions on the number of licences apply. Karozzini (horse drawn carriages): Numerical Restrictions on the number of licences apply.
Sector: Energy Sub-Sector: Electricity Industry Classification: Type of Reservation: Market access Level of Government: National Measures: Enemalta Act (Cap. 272) Description: Investment EneMalta plc has a monopoly for the provision of electricity.