The Parties may agree, in writing, to amend this Agreement. Amendments to this Agreement constitute integral parts thereof.
Amendments shall enter into force on the first day of the second month, or on such later date as may be agreed by the Parties, following the date on which the Parties exchange written notifications certifying that they have completed their respective applicable legal requirements for entry into force of such amendments.
Notwithstanding paragraph 1, the Trade Committee may, in accordance with the respective applicable legal requirements of the Parties, amend this Agreement, where provided for in point (d) of Article 24.2 (Functions of the Trade Committee).
Article Article 25.2
The Parties shall approve this Agreement in accordance with their respective applicable legal requirements and procedures.
This Agreement shall enter into force on the first day of the second month following the date on which the Parties exchange written notifications certifying that they have completed their respective applicable legal requirements for the entry into force of this Agreement. The Parties may agree on another date of entry into force of this Agreement.
Notifications referred to in paragraph 2 shall be sent to the Secretary General of the Council of the European Union and to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia, or their respective successors.
Article Article 25.3
This Agreement shall remain in force unless terminated pursuant to paragraph 2.
Disclaimer: In view of the European Commission's transparency policy, the Commission is publishing the texts of its Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement with Indonesia following the Ministerial announcement on 23 September 2025. These texts are published for information purposes only and may undergo further modifications including as a result of the process of legal revision. These texts are without prejudice to the final outcome of the Agreement between the EU and Indonesia. The texts will be final upon signature. The Agreement will become binding on the Parties under international law only after completion by each Party of its internal legal procedures necessary for the entry into force of the Agreement.
A Party may terminate this Agreement by written notice to the other Party. This notice shall be sent to the Secretary General of the Council of the European Union and to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia, or their respective successors. This termination shall take effect six months after the receipt of that notice, unless the Parties agree otherwise.
Article Article 25.4
Each Party is fully responsible for the observance of all provisions of this Agreement.
Each Party shall take all general or specific measures required to fulfil their obligations under this Agreement. Each Party shall ensure within its territory the observance of all obligations and commitments under this Agreement by its respective central, regional and local governments and authorities, and by non-governmental bodies in the exercise of governmental powers delegated to them.
In cases of special urgency as defined in paragraph 4 of Article 44 of the Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Partnership and Cooperation between the European Community and its Member States, on the one part, and the Republic of Indonesia, on the other part, a Party may take appropriate measures with respect to this Agreement. The Parties agree that remaining a party, in good faith, to the Paris Agreement constitutes an essential element of this Agreement and a Party make take appropriate measures relating to this Agreement for violations thereof. Those appropriate measures shall be taken in accordance with the procedure set out in Article 44 of the Comprehensive Partnership and Cooperation between the European Community and its Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Indonesia, of the other part. In the selection of actions, priority must be given to those which least disturb the functioning of this Agreement.
Article Article 25.5
Unless otherwise provided for in this Agreement, each Party shall ensure that [any natural or juridical person], including state owned enterprises, [public enterprises], an enterprise granted special rights or privileges or a designated monopoly, that has been delegated regulatory, administrative or other governmental authority by a Party at any level of government, acts in accordance with the Party’s obligations as set out under this Agreement in the exercise of that authority.
Disclaimer: In view of the European Commission's transparency policy, the Commission is publishing the texts of its Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement with Indonesia following the Ministerial announcement on 23 September 2025. These texts are published for information purposes only and may undergo further modifications including as a result of the process of legal revision. These texts are without prejudice to the final outcome of the Agreement between the EU and Indonesia. The texts will be final upon signature. The Agreement will become binding on the Parties under international law only after completion by each Party of its internal legal procedures necessary for the entry into force of the Agreement.
Article Article 25.6
Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as conferring rights or imposing obligations on persons, other than those created between the Parties under public international law, nor as permitting this Agreement to be directly invoked in the domestic legal systems of the Parties.
A Party shall not expressly provide for a right of action under its domestic law against the other Party on the ground that a measure of the other Party is inconsistent with this Agreement.
Article Article 25.7
Unless otherwise provided for in this Agreement, the existing agreements between the Member States of the Union, the European Community or the Union and Indonesia are not superseded or terminated by this Agreement.
This Agreement shall be an integral part of the overall bilateral relations as governed by the Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Partnership and Cooperation between the European Community and its Member States, on the one part, and the Republic of Indonesia, on the other part and shall form part of the common institutional framework.
The Parties affirm their rights and obligations with respect to each other under the WTO Agreement. For greater certainty, nothing in this Agreement requires a Party to act in a manner inconsistent with its obligations under the WTO Agreement.
In the event of any inconsistency between this Agreement and any agreement other than the WTO Agreement to which both Parties are a party, the Parties shall immediately consult with each other with a view to finding a mutually satisfactory solution.
If any of the provisions of the WTO Agreement incorporated into this Agreement is amended, the Parties shall consult with a view to finding a mutually satisfactory solution, where necessary.
Article Article 25.8
Disclaimer: In view of the European Commission's transparency policy, the Commission is publishing the texts of its Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement with Indonesia following the Ministerial announcement on 23 September 2025. These texts are published for information purposes only and may undergo further modifications including as a result of the process of legal revision. These texts are without prejudice to the final outcome of the Agreement between the EU and Indonesia. The texts will be final upon signature. The Agreement will become binding on the Parties under international law only after completion by each Party of its internal legal procedures necessary for the entry into force of the Agreement.
Unless otherwise provided for in this Agreement, any reference in this Agreement to laws or regulations of a Party shall be understood to include amendments thereto.
Unless otherwise provided for in this Agreement, where international agreements are referred to, or are incorporated into, this Agreement, in whole or in part, they shall be understood to include amendments thereto, or their successor agreements that enter into force for both Parties on or after the date of signature of this Agreement.
Article Article 25.9
Without prejudice to specific provisions concerning reviews in other chapters of this Agreement, the Trade Committee shall undertake a general review of the implementation and operation of this Agreement within ten years of its entry into force, and thereafter at such times as the Parties may agree, unless the Trade Committee decide otherwise.
Article Article 25.10
The Union shall notify Indonesia of any request made by a country to accede to the Union.
During the negotiations between the Union and the country seeking accession, the Union should provide, upon request of Indonesia, and to the extent possible, any relevant information regarding any matter covered by this Agreement.
For greater certainty, this Agreement shall apply to trade and investment between the new Member State of the Union and Indonesia from the date of accession of that new Member State to the Union.
In order to facilitate the implementation of paragraph 3, the Trade Committee shall examine any effects of the accession on this Agreement and decide on the necessary amendments to this Agreement, and on any necessary adjustment or transition measures, sufficiently in advance of the date of accession of the new Member State to the Union. Such decision shall take effect on the date of accession of the new Member State to the Union.
The Union shall notify Indonesia of the entry into force of any accession to the Union.
Article Article 25.11
Disclaimer: In view of the European Commission's transparency policy, the Commission is publishing the texts of its Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement with Indonesia following the Ministerial announcement on 23 September 2025. These texts are published for information purposes only and may undergo further modifications including as a result of the process of legal revision. These texts are without prejudice to the final outcome of the Agreement between the EU and Indonesia. The texts will be final upon signature. The Agreement will become binding on the Parties under international law only after completion by each Party of its internal legal procedures necessary for the entry into force of the Agreement.
This Agreement shall apply:
with respect to the Union, to the territories in which the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union are applied and under the conditions laid down in those Treaties; and
with respect to Indonesia, to its territory, which is defined as the land territories, internal waters, archipelagic waters, territorial sea, including seabed and subsoil thereof, and airspace over such territories and waters, as well as continental shelf and exclusive economic zone, over which Indonesia has sovereignty, sovereign rights or jurisdiction as defined in its laws and in accordance with international law, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, done at Montego Bay, December 10, 1982.
References to “territory” in this Agreement shall be understood in this sense, except as otherwise expressly provided.
As regards those provisions concerning the tariff treatment of goods, including rules of origin and origin procedures, this Agreement shall also apply with respect to the Union to those areas of the Union customs territory, as defined by Article 4 of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 October 2013 laying down the Union Customs Code, not covered by point (a) of 1.
Article Article 25.12
The Annexes, Appendices, Joint Declarations, Protocols to this Agreement constitute integral parts thereof.
Article Article 25.132
This Agreement is drawn in duplicate in the Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Irish, Italian, Indonesian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish and Swedish languages, each version being equally authentic.
Disclaimer: In view of the European Commission's transparency policy, the Commission is publishing the texts of its Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement with Indonesia following the Ministerial announcement on 23 September 2025. These texts are published for information purposes only and may undergo further modifications including as a result of the process of legal revision. These texts are without prejudice to the final outcome of the Agreement between the EU and Indonesia. The texts will be final upon signature. The Agreement will become binding on the Parties under international law only after completion by each Party of its internal legal procedures necessary for the entry into force of the Agreement.
The Union recalls the obligation of those countries that have established a customs union with the Union to align their trade regime to the one of the Union, and for certain of them, to conclude preferential agreements with countries having preferential agreements with the Union.
In this context, the Parties note that Indonesia shall start negotiations with those countries which:
have established a customs union with the Union, and
whose products do not benefit from the tariff concessions under this Agreement,
with a view to concluding a bilateral agreement establishing a free trade area in accordance with Article XXIV of the GATT 1994. Indonesia shall start negotiations as soon as possible with a view to having the abovementioned agreements entering into force as quickly as possible after the entry into force of this Agreement.
Disclaimer: In view of the European Commission's transparency policy, the Commission is publishing the texts of its Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement with Indonesia following the Ministerial announcement on 23 September 2025. These texts are published for information purposes only and may undergo further modifications including as a result of the process of legal revision. These texts are without prejudice to the final outcome of the Agreement between the EU and Indonesia. The texts will be final upon signature. The Agreement will become binding on the Parties under international law only after completion by each Party of its internal legal procedures necessary for the entry into force of the Agreement.
The Parties,
Stressing the importance of palm oil in their bilateral trade relations;
Underlining the opportunities that this Agreement provides for the facilitation of bilateral trade in palm oil and derived products and for supporting their sustainability, including through the dismantlement of tariffs, as well as through disciplines on a sound environmental and social governance of the palm oil sector and the promotion of responsible business practices across the palm oil value chain;
Mindful of the positive contribution that palm oil production can make to growth and development in producing countries, in particular for smallholders, small and medium enterprises, and other vulnerable groups, as well as of the environmental and social risks that can be associated to palm oil production;
Resolved to continue to enhance this positive contribution and address these risks by designing and implementing effective domestic measures and by fostering joint cooperation activities, with a view at maximising the economic, environmental and social benefits of sustainable growth;
Building on their respective efforts undertaken to enhance the sustainability of palm oil, including by addressing deforestation and peatland management, supporting biodiversity conservation, promoting labour rights, enhancing transparency and stakeholders’ involvement in a manner that respects the interests of all concerned actors;
Noting the ongoing efforts on the design, implementation and dissemination of sustainability assurance schemes, including the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (“ISPO”) scheme and Indonesia’s objective to apply the scheme to the entirety of its domestic production of palm oil;
Recognising the importance of supporting the efforts of smallholders, small and medium enterprises and other people in vulnerable situations and enhancing their ability to participate in sustainable palm oil supply chains, including through economic cooperation and capacity building;
Acknowledging the importance of pursuing continuous innovation in practices aimed at enhancing the sustainability of palm oil production and of promoting knowledge sharing and technical cooperation in this respect;
Further reaffirming their commitments to relevant international instruments, including the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Paris Agreement, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals,
Have agreed as follows:
This Protocol aims to:
maximise the opportunities created by this Agreement for enhancing bilateral trade in sustainable palm oil and derived products, in particular with respect to preferential tariff treatment under Chapter 2 (|National Treatment and Market Access for Goods), to bilateral investment liberalisation under Chapter 8 (Trade in Services and Investment), to commitments to sustainability in accordance with Chapter 15 (Trade and Sustainable Growth and Development);
facilitate compliance of operators with the Parties’ trade-related sustainability regulatory requirements such as, where relevant, criteria of relevance for palm oil and derived products;
foster level playing-field and competitive market conditions based on principles of openness, non- discrimination and transparency in accordance with their rights and obligations under this Agreement as well as under the WTO Agreement and other international agreements;
enhance bilateral cooperation activities aimed at strengthening sustainable production throughout the palm oil supply chain, improving the understanding of their respective relevant trade-related sustainability requirements, and facilitating their implementation with a view to fostering trade in sustainable palm oil between the Parties and to support the implementation of horizontal commitments on sustainable development under Chapter 15 (Trade and Sustainable Growth and Development); and
advance or promote dialogue between the Parties on respective requirements of relevance to trade and investment and for the sustainability of the palm oil sector and for the placement on their markets of relevant products.
The Parties acknowledge that sustainability assurance schemes, including voluntary schemes, can be useful in supporting sustainability efforts of economic operators that place palm oil on their markets in relation to the management of their supply chains and in facilitating compliance of operators with relevant trade-related sustainability regulatory requirements.
Pursuant to paragraph 1, each Party shall strive to increase knowledge and mutual understanding of their respective relevant instruments and practices on sustainability and traceability of relevance for the palm oil sector. In this context, the Parties recognise the importance of promoting sustainability assurance schemes that:
provide a transparent, factual and non-misleading set of criteria that may facilitate compliance of operators with relevant trade-related sustainability regulatory requirements;
are based on objective and verifiable evidence and data; and
ensure the impartiality, credibility, independence and accountability through a robust governance system, quality assurance mechanisms and monitoring and verification activities with a multi-stakeholder approach.
Each Party shall strive to provide guidance to stakeholders, including smallholders and SMEs, and to promote activities such as awareness-raising actions, information or public education campaigns, in relation to sustainability assurance schemes and other practices on sustainability and traceability of relevance for the palm oil sector referred to in paragraph 2.
The Parties recognise the importance of effective implementation of their respective trade-related sustainability measures of relevance for palm oil products. The Parties recognise that compliance of operators with applicable domestic trade-related sustainability regulatory requirements is a necessary condition for the placement on their respective markets of palm oil products, and the importance of supporting compliance with such requirements, including through dialogue, technical assistance and capacity building to enable their respective economic operators to benefit from the market access opportunities provided for by this Agreement.
The Parties acknowledge the role that ISPO and other relevant sustainability assurance schemes can play with respect to facilitating compliance of operators with trade-related sustainability regulatory requirements of relevance for palm oil products, if the laws and regulations of the Parties allow for the use of such schemes.
As part of the cooperation activities under paragraph 4 of Article 3, the Parties shall strive to develop initiatives to foster the contribution of ISPO and other relevant sustainability assurance schemes to the sustainability of production throughout the palm oil supply chain and to enhanced bilateral trade in sustainable palm oil products. These may include carrying out activities to improve the contribution of relevant sustainability assurance schemes’ to facilitate compliance of operators with trade-related sustainability regulatory requirements, including with a view to support the improvement of the ISPO’s ability to facilitate compliance of operators with relevant Union trade-related sustainability regulatory requirements, also in view of exploring practical arrangements, including requirements for possible future recognition in accordance with the Union’s relevant regulatory requirements.
The Parties shall work together to strengthen their cooperation on matters covered by this Article, bilaterally, regionally and in international fora, as appropriate, among others through the exchange of information, best practices and outreach initiatives. Such cooperation may include participation in the development of international sustainability assurance schemes or guidelines of relevance for the palm oil sector.
Facilitation of compliance of operators with trade-related sustainability regulatory requirements
The Parties acknowledge the importance of initiatives to facilitate trade in sustainable palm oil products. The Parties shall strive to facilitate the compliance of economic
operators with their respective trade-related sustainability regulatory requirements, with a view to supporting bilateral trade in sustainable palm oil.
The Parties recognise that actions taken to implement commitments under this Protocol and Chapter 15 (Trade and Sustainable Growth and Development) may contribute to compliance with relevant trade-related sustainability regulatory requirements.
When implementing trade-related sustainability regulatory requirements, each Party shall take into account available scientific and technical information in accordance with Article 16 of Chapter 15 (Trade and Sustainable Growth and Development) and, in accordance with its laws and regulations, give due regard to information exchanged between the Parties in the context of this Agreement as well as to actions taken to implement commitments under this Chapter relevant for the implementation of its trade-related sustainability regulatory requirements.
The Parties shall work together to strengthen their cooperation to implement this Article, among others through the exchange of information and data, best practices and outreach initiatives. In particular, the Parties shall put in place strategies, seek to mobilise resources, and may develop joint cooperation initiatives to facilitate the compliance by relevant economic operators of the other Party, such as smallholders and SMEs, with each Party’s trade-related sustainability regulatory requirements relevant to palm oil, as appropriate. In line with the Parties’ laws and regulations, such cooperation may include activities to strengthen the ISPO scheme, also in light of the relevant criteria and requirements under Union measures.
In accordance with the provisions in Chapter 19. (Good Regulatory Practices) and Chapter 20 (Transparency), each Party shall make publicly available all relevant laws, guidelines and information of relevance for the palm oil sector, and shall promote awareness thereof among stakeholders, including smallholders and SMEs, in particular on traceability and due diligence requirements.
The Parties shall give due consideration to information received from interested persons on matters related to the implementation of this Protocol, and may involve stakeholders further in relevant activities.
Bilateral cooperation in the palm oil sector
The Parties shall undertake, as appropriate, bilateral cooperation initiatives of relevance for the facilitation of trade in sustainable palm oil in areas of mutual interest, in line with the forms and procedures established under Chapter 17 (Economic Cooperation and Capacity Building), including by ensuring the continuous involvement of all relevant stakeholders, such as smallholders and SMEs, and identifying capacity building needs. Such cooperation and support may cover, among others:
aspects related to the legality of palm oil production;
aspects related to the traceability of palm oil supply chains, including data collection, information system access, data management and deforestation monitoring via satellite imagery;
aspects related to enhancing the understanding of relevant domestic laws, measures and requirements of relevance for the palm oil sector, and their impact on trade and investment;
any other measures to facilitate compliance by relevant stakeholders with applicable due diligence requirements in the palm oil sector, including the identification of risks and the implementation of risk mitigation measures;
any other action to promote the sustainable palm oil sector in Indonesia, including scaling up agro-ecological solutions, identifying incentives for sustainable production, supporting investment in sustainable palm oil and favouring local transformation; and
any other cooperation activity that may include the joint identification of relevant information includingdata, promoting technical dialogue and transparent exchanges, addressing misleading practices or campaigns.
The Parties may cooperate for the purpose of enforcing their laws and regulations applicable to the palm oil sector, and to deter their circumvention in view of facilitating bilateral trade in sustainable palm oil.
The Parties shall discuss and review regularly the implementation of this Protocol, including specific initiatives carried out hereunder, as part of the regular meetings of the Specialised Committee on Trade and Sustainable Growth in the Trade and Sustainable Growth and Development configuration, or by convening a dedicated meeting at an appropriate level, at the request of either Party.
The Parties shall encourage the involvement of relevant Union and Indonesian stakeholders in the implementation of this Protocol, including participants in the Domestic Advisory Groups and Civil Society Forum referred to in Chapter 24 (Institutional provisions) and others active in the palm oil sector.
The Parties shall make use of the dialogue established under Chapter 21 (Bilateral Dialogue Mechanism), to exchange early information, discuss, and cooperate with regard to the development and application of measures concerning subject matters covered by this Protocol.