Clearing and payment systems
Under terms and conditions that accord national treatment, each Party shall, as permitted by each Party’s access criteria, grant to financial service suppliers of the other Party established in its territory access to payment and clearing systems operated by public entities and to official funding and refinancing facilities available in the normal course of ordinary business. This paragraph is not intended to confer access to the Party’s lender of last resort facilities.
Article ARTICLE 8.55
Regulatory dialogue in the area of financial services
The Parties hereby establish a dialogue on the regulation of the financial services sector with a view to improving mutual knowledge of the Parties’ respective regulatory systems and to co-operating in the development of international standards.
Issues regarding financial services that a Party refers to the other Party, shall be agreed by the Parties prior to the dialogue.
The Parties may meet in person, including in the margins of international fora, or by any other appropriate means of communication, such as videoconference or teleconference, as agreed by the Parties.
Participants in the regulatory dialogue shall be financial services experts and representatives of authorities in charge of financial services policy.
SUB-SECTION 6
INTERNATIONAL MARITIME TRANSPORT SERVICES
Article ARTICLE 8.56
Scope, definitions and principles
In addition to Sections B, C and D of this chapter33, this Sub-Section shall apply to measures of a Party affecting the supply of international maritime transport services.
For the purpose of this Sub-Section and sections B, C and D of this chapter:
"international maritime transport services" means the transport of passengers and/or cargo by sea-going vessels between a port of a Party and a port of the other Party or of a third country. This includes the direct contracting with providers of other transport services, with a view to cover door-to-door or multimodal transport operations under a single transport document, but not the right to provide such other transport services.
"door-to-door or multimodal transport operations" means the transport of cargo using more than one mode of transport, involving an international sea-leg, under a single transport document.
"international cargo" means cargo transported between a port of one Party and a port of the other Party or of a third Party, or between a port of one Member State of the European Union and a port of another Member State of the European Union.
"maritime auxiliary services" means maritime cargo handling services, customs clearance services, container station and depot services, maritime agency services and maritime freight forwarding services;
"maritime cargo handling services" means activities exercised by stevedore companies, including terminal operators but not including the direct activities of dockers, when this workforce is organised independently of the stevedoring or terminal operator companies. The activities covered include the organisation and supervision of:
the loading or discharging of cargo to or from a ship;
the lashing or unlashing of cargo;
33 For greater certainty, reference to sections B, C and D of this chapter includes Annex on Schedule on Specific Commitment.
the reception/delivery and safekeeping of cargoes before shipment or after discharge;
"customs clearance services" or "customs house brokers’ services" means activities consisting in carrying out for and on behalf of another party customs formalities concerning import, export or through movement or storage of cargoes, whether this service is the main activity of the service provider or a usual complement of its main activity;
"container station and depot services" means activities consisting in storing containers, whether in port areas or inland, with a view to their stuffing or stripping, repairing and making them available for shipments;
"maritime agency services" means activities consisting in representing, within a given geographic area, as an agent the business interests of one or more shipping lines or shipping companies, for the following purposes:
marketing and sales of maritime transport and related services, from quotation to invoicing, and issuance of bills of lading on behalf of the companies, acquisition and resale of the necessary related services, preparation of documentation, and provision of business information;
acting on behalf of the companies organising the call of the ship or taking over cargoes when required;
“freight forwarding services” means the activity consisting of organising and monitoring shipment operations on behalf of shippers, through the acquisition of transport and related services, preparation of documentation and provision of business information; and
“"feeder services" means, without prejudice to the scope of activities, which might be considered as cabotage under the relevant national legislation, the pre- and onward transportation by sea of international cargo, between ports located in the territory of a Party and provided such international cargo is “en route” i.e. directed to a destination, or coming from a port of shipment, outside the territory of that Party.
In view of the existing levels of liberalisation between the Parties in international maritime transport:
the Parties, without prejudice to its Schedule of Specific Commitments, shall apply effectively the principle of unrestricted access to the international maritime markets and trades on a commercial and non-discriminatory basis;
each Party shall grant to ships flying the flag of the other Party or operated by service suppliers of the other Party treatment no less favourable than that accorded to its own ships, with regard to, inter alia, access to ports, use of infrastructure and services of ports, and use of maritime auxiliary services, as well as related fees and charges, customs facilities and assignment of berths and facilities for loading and unloading.
In applying the principles referred to in subparagraphs 3 (a) and 3 (b), the Parties shall:
not introduce cargo-sharing arrangements in future agreements with third countries concerning maritime transport services, including dry and liquid bulk and liner trade, and where identified, not implement and endeavour to terminate, within a reasonable period of time, such cargo-sharing arrangements in case they exist in previous agreements; and
upon the entry into force of this Agreement, endeavour to abolish, and abstain from introducing any unilateral measures that could constitute a disguised restriction or have discriminatory effects on the free supply of services in international maritime transport.
Each Party shall permit international maritime service suppliers of the other Party to have an enterprise established and operating in its territory in accordance with the conditions inscribed in its Schedule of Specific Commitments.
Where available, the Parties shall provide access to international maritime transport suppliers of the other Party on reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions the following services at the port: pilotage, towing and tug assistance, provisioning, fuelling and watering, garbage
collecting and ballast waste disposal, port captain’s services, navigation aids, shore-based
operational services essential to ship operations, including communications, water and electrical supplies, emergency repair facilities, anchorage, berth and berthing services.
Each Party, subject to the authorisation by the competent authority where applicable, shall permit international maritime transport service suppliers of the other Party to provide feeder services.
SUB-SECTION 7
Article ARTICLE 8.57
Understanding on computer services
The Parties subscribe to the understanding that, for the purpose of liberalising trade in services in accordance with Chapter 8 (Investment and Trade in Services), computer and related services, regardless of whether they are delivered via a network, including the Internet, include:
consulting, strategy, analysis, planning, specification, design, development, installation, implementation, integration, testing, debugging, updating, support, technical assistance, or management of or for computers or computer systems;
computer programmes defined as the sets of instructions required to make computers work and communicate (in and of themselves), plus consulting, strategy, analysis, planning, specification, design, development, installation, implementation, integration, testing, debugging, updating, adaptation, maintenance, support, technical assistance, management or use of or for computer programs;
data processing, data storage, data hosting or database services;
maintenance and repair services for office machinery and equipment, including computers; or
training services for staff of clients, related to computer programmes, computers or computer systems, and not elsewhere classified.
For greater certainty, services enabled by computer and related services, other than those listed in paragraph 1, shall not be regarded as computer and related services in themselves.
Disclaimer: In view of the European Commission's transparency policy, the Commission is publishing the texts of its Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement with Indonesia following the Ministerial announcement on 23 September 2025. These texts are published for information purposes only and may undergo further modifications including as a result of the process of legal revision. These texts are without prejudice to the final outcome of the Agreement between the EU and Indonesia. The texts will be final upon signature. The Agreement will become binding on the Parties under international law only after completion by each Party of its internal legal procedures necessary for the entry into force of the Agreement.
Chapter CHAPTER 9 CAPITAL MOVEMENT
Article ARTICLE 9.1
Current account
Without prejudice to other provisions of this Agreement, each Party shall allow any payments with regard to transactions on the current account of the balance of payments between the Parties, which fall under the scope of this Agreement, in a freely convertible currency1, and in accordance with the provisions of the Articles of the Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, adopted in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, on 22 July 1944 ("Agreement of the International Monetary Fund"), as applicable.
Article ARTICLE 9.2
Capital movements
Without prejudice to other provisions of this Agreement, the Parties shall allow, with regard to transactions on the capital and financial account of balance of payments, the free movement of capital relating to investments and transactions liberalised in accordance with Chapter II Liberalisation of investment and Chapter III Cross-border supply of services of Title on liberalisation of investment and trade in services.
The Parties shall consult each other with a view to facilitating the movement of capital between them in order to promote trade and investment.
Article ARTICLE 9.3
Application of laws and regulations relating to capital movements, payments or transfers
Article Articles 9.1 and 9.2 of this Chapter Shall Not Preclude a Party from Applying Its Laws and Regulations Relating to:
1 For the purpose of this Chapter, the definition of “freely convertible currency” in the Title on Liberalisation of Investment and Trade in Services shall apply.
bankruptcy, insolvency, the protection of the rights of creditors,
issuing, trading or dealing in financial instruments;
financial reporting or record keeping of capital movements, payments or transfers where necessary to assist law enforcement or financial regulatory authorities;
criminal or penal offenses, deceptive or fraudulent practices;
ensuring compliance with orders or judgments in judicial and administrative proceedings; or
social security, public retirement or compulsory savings schemes.
Such laws and regulations shall not be applied in an arbitrary or discriminatory manner, or in a manner which otherwise constitutes a disguised restriction on capital movements, payments or transfers.
Article ARTICLE 9.4
Temporary safeguard measures
In exceptional circumstances of serious difficulties for the operation of the economic and monetary policies, in the case of Indonesia, or for the economic and monetary union, in the case of the European Union, or threat thereof, Indonesia or the European Union respectively may adopt or maintain safeguard measures with regard to capital movements, payments or transfers for a period not exceeding 6 months.2 Such measures shall be strictly necessary to address such difficulties.
Article ARTICLE 9.5
Restrictions in case of balance of payments and external financing difficulties in case of balance of payments and external financing difficulties
Where a Party experiences serious balance-of-payments or external financial difficulties, or threat thereof, it may adopt or maintain restrictive measures with regard to capital movements, payments or transfers3.
The measures referred to in paragraph 1:
shall be consistent with the Articles of the Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, as applicable;
2 For greater certainty, such measures can be renewed for additional periods of six months, provided that they remain strictly necessary under the current circumstances. Such measures are not subject to the notification and consultation procedure envisaged pursuant to paragraphs (5) to (7) of Article X.5 (Restrictions in case of balance of payments and external financing difficulties).
3 In the case of the EU, such measures may be taken by a Member State of the EU in situations other than those referred to in Article 9.4, which affect the economy of that Member State. For greater certainty, serious balance of payments or external financial difficulties, or threat thereof, may be caused among other factors by serious difficulties related to monetary or exchange rate policies, or threat thereof.
shall not exceed those necessary to deal with the circumstances described in paragraph 1;
shall be temporary and shall be phased out progressively as the situation specified in paragraph 1 improves;
shall avoid unnecessary damage to the commercial, economic and financial interests of the other Party; and
shall not treat the other Party less favourably than a non-Party in like situations.
In the case of trade in goods, each Party may adopt restrictive measures in order to safeguard its external financial position or balance-of-payments. These measures shall be in accordance with the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) and the Understanding on the Balance of Payments provisions of the GATT 1994.
In the case of trade in services, each Party may adopt restrictive measures in order to safeguard its external financial position or balance of payments. These measures shall be in accordance with Article XII of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS).
A Party maintaining or having adopted measures referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall promptly notify them to the other Party.
Where restrictions are adopted or maintained under this Article, consultations shall be held promptly in the Trade Committee unless consultations are held in other fora. The consultations shall assess the balance-of-payments or external financial difficulty that led to the respective measures, taking into account, inter alia, such factors as:
the nature and extent of the difficulties;
the external economic and trading environment; and
alternative corrective measures which may be available.
The consultations pursuant to paragraph 6 shall address the compliance of any restrictive measures with paragraphs 1 and 2. All relevant findings of statistical or factual nature presented by the International Monetary Fund ("IMF"), where available, shall be accepted and conclusions shall take into account the assessment by the IMF of the balance-of-payments and the external financial situation of the Party concerned.
Disclaimer: In view of the European Commission's transparency policy, the Commission is publishing the texts of its Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement with Indonesia following the Ministerial announcement on 23 September 2025. These texts are published for information purposes only and may undergo further modifications including as a result of the process of legal revision. These texts are without prejudice to the outcome of the Agreement between the EU and Indonesia. The texts will be final upon signature. The Agreement will become binding on the Parties under international law only after completion by each Party of its internal legal procedures necessary for the entry into force of the Agreement.
Chapter CHAPTER [10]
Section A
General provisions
Article Article 10.1
The Parties recognise the economic growth and opportunities provided by digital trade and the importance of promoting consumer confidence in electronic commerce and facilitating its use and development.
This Chapter applies to measures of a Party affecting trade enabled by electronic means.
This Chapter shall not apply to data held or processed by or on behalf of a Party, or measures related to such data1, including measures related to its collection, storage or processing.
Nothing in Articles X.5 Cross-Border Data Flows, Article 10.8 No Prior Authorisation, and Article 10.13 Transfer of or Access to Source Code prevents a Party from adopting or maintaining a measure in accordance with the conditions inscribed in its schedule of Specific Commitments.
The provisions in this Chapter shall not apply to audio-visual services.
The Parties reaffirm the right to regulate within their territories to achieve legitimate policy objectives, such as the protection of public health, safety, the environment including climate change, public morals, social or consumer protection, or the promotion and protection of cultural diversity.
1 For greater certainty, such measures include those relating to computing facilities or network elements used for
Nothing in this Chapter prevents the Parties from adopting or maintaining measures in accordance with Article 23.1 (General exceptions) and Article 23.2 (Security exception)] of Chapter 23 (Exception) and Article 8.49 (Prudential carve out)] of Chapter 8 (Investment Liberalisation and Trade in Services) for the public interest reasons set out therein.
Article Article 10.4
For the purpose of this Chapter:
“consumer” means any natural person using or requesting a publicly available electronic communications service for purposes outside his trade, business, craft or profession;
“direct marketing communication” means any form of advertising by which a natural or legal person communicates marketing messages directly to end-users via a public electronic communications network and, for the purpose of this Agreement, covers at least electronic mail and text and multimedia messages (SMS and MMS);
“electronic authentication service” means a service that enables to confirm:
the electronic identification of a natural or legal person; or
the origin and integrity of data in electronic form;
“electronic seal” means data in electronic form used by a legal person which is attached to or logically associated with other data in electronic form to ensure the latter’s origin and integrity;
“electronic signature” means data in electronic form which is attached to or logically associated with other electronic data and fulfils the following requirements:
it is used by a natural person to agree on the electronic data to which it relates; and
it is linked to the electronic data to which it relates in such a way that any subsequent alteration in the data is detectable;
“electronic trust services2 means an electronic service consisting of the creation, verification, and validation of electronic signatures, electronic seals, electronic time
2 Electronic trust services may also refer to certified electronic services in accordance to relevant domestic laws and regulations of the Parties.
stamps, electronic registered delivery, website authentication and electronic certificates related to those services; and
“end-user” means any natural or legal person using or requesting a publicly available electronic communications service, either as a consumer or for trade, business or professional purposes;
covered person means:
a covered enterprise as defined in Article 8.4 (Definitions) of Section A (General Provisions) of Chapter 8 (Liberalisation of Investment and Trade in Services);
an investor of a Party as defined in Article 8.4 (Definitions) of Section A (General Provisions) of Chapter 8 (Investment Liberalisation and Trade in Services); or
a service supplier of a Party as defined in Article 8.4 (Definitions) of Section A (General Provisions) of Chapter 8 (Investment Liberalisation and Trade in Services);
"personal data” means any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person.
Section B
Data flows and personal data protection
Cross-border data flows
The Parties are committed to ensuring cross-border data flows to facilitate trade and recognise that each Party may have its own regulatory requirements in this regard.
To that end, cross-border data flows for the conduct of the business of covered persons shall not be restricted between the Parties by a Party3:
3 For greater certainty, the competent authority of a Party may require access to data for law enforcement or regulatory oversight in accordance with Article 10.5(2) and where relevant, subject to Article 23.1 (General exceptions), Article 23.2 (Security exceptions) and Article ZZ (Prudential carve-out).
requiring the use of computing facilities or network elements in itsParty's territory for processing including by imposing the use of computing facilities or network elements that are certified or approved in its territory4 ;
requiring the localisation of data in its territory for storage or processing;
prohibiting storage or processing in the territory of the other Party; or
making the cross-border transfer of data contingent upon use of computing facilities or network elements in its territory or upon localisation requirements in its territory.
The Parties shall keep the implementation of this provision under review and assess its functioning within three years of the entry into force of this Agreement, unless the Parties agree otherwise. A Party may at any time propose to the other Party to review the list of restrictions listed in paragraph 2. Such request shall be accorded sympathetic consideration.
Protection of personal data and privacy
Each Party recognises that the protection of personal data and privacy is a fundamental right and that high standards5 in this regard contribute to economic and social benefits, trust in the digital economy and to the development of trade.
Each Party may adopt and maintain the legal framework it deems appropriate to ensure the protection of personal data and privacy, including through the adoption and application of rules for the cross-border transfer of personal data. Nothing in this agreement shall affect the protection of personal data and privacy afforded by the Parties’ respective legal framework or otherwise require the Parties to adopt or maintain a specific framework for the protection of personal data and privacy protection.
Each Party shall inform the other Party about any legal framework it adopts or maintains according to paragraph 2.
Section C
Specific provisions