Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services
Peru reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure in relation to the granting of a concession for the installation, operation and exploitation of public telecommunication services.
Existing Measures:
Sector: Education Services
Sub-Sector:
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 9.3) Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment (Article 9.4) Local Presence (Article 9.5)
Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services
Peru reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure relating to natural persons who supply educational services, including teachers and auxiliary personnel rendering educational services in basic and superior education including technical and productive training (educación técnico productiva) as well as other people who supply services related to education including sponsors of educational institutions of any level or stage of the educational system.
Existing Measures:
Sector: Transportation Services
Sub-Sector: Road Transportation Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 9.3)
Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services
Peru reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure that authorises only Peruvian natural or juridical persons to supply land transportation of persons or merchandise inside the territory of Peru (cabotage). For this, the enterprises shall use vehicles registered in Peru.
Existing Measures:
Sector: Transportation
Sub-Sector: International road transportation services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 8.5 and Article 9.3) Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment (Article 8.6 and Article 9.4) Local Presence (Article 9.5)
Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services
Peru reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure relating to the international land transportation of cargo or passengers in border areas.
Additionally, Peru reserves the right to adopt or maintain the following limitations for the supply of international land transportation from Peru:
(a) the service supplier must be a Peruvian natural or juridical person;
(b) the service supplier must have a real an effective domicile in Peru; and
(c) in the case of juridical persons, the service supplier must be legally constituted in Peru and more than 50 per cent of its capital stock must be owned by Peruvian nationals and its effective control must be by Peruvian nationals.
Existing Measures:
Sector: Transportation
Sub-Sector: Air transportation services
Obligations Concerned: Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment (Article 9.4) Local Presence (Article 9.5)
Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services
Peru reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure relating to ground-handling services.
Existing Measures:
Sector: Transportation
Sub-Sector: Air transportation services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 9.3) Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment (Article 9.4) Local Presence (Article 9.5)
Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services
Peru reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure relating to airport operation services.
Existing Measures:
Sector: All
Sub-Sector:
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 9.6)
Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services
Peru reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure relating to Article 9.6 (Market Access), except for the following sectors and sub-sectors subject to the limitations and conditions listed below:
Legal services: For (a) and (c): None, except that the number of notary positions depends of the number of inhabitants of each city. For (b): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Accounting, auditing and bookkeeping services: For (a) and (c): None, except that auditing societies shall be constituted only and exclusively by public accountants licensed and resident in the country and duly qualified by the Association of Public Accountants of Lima (Colegio de Contadores Públicos de Lima). No partner may be a member of another auditing society in Peru. For (b): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Taxation services: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Architectural services: For (a), (b) and (c): None, except that for temporary registration, non-resident foreign architects must have a contract of association with a Peruvian architect residing in Peru. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Engineering services: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Integrated engineering services: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Urban planning and landscape architectural services: For (a), (b) and (c): None, except that to obtain temporary registration, non-resident foreign architects must have a contract of association with a Peruvian architect residing in Peru. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Veterinary Services: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Services provided by midwives, nurses, physiotherapists, and paramedical personnel: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Computer and Related Services: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Research and Development services on natural sciences: For (a), (b) and (c): None, except that a permission of operation may be required and the competent authority may require the inclusion to the expedition of one or more representatives of the Peruvian pertinent activities, in order to participate and know the studies and its scope. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Research and Development services on social sciences and humanities: For (a), (b) and (c): None, subject to the respective authorisations of the competent authority. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Interdisciplinary Research and Development services: For (a), (b) and (c): None, except that a permission of operation may be required. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Real Estate Services: Involving owned or leased property or on a fee or contract basis: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Rental/leasing services without crew/operators, related to vessels, aircraft, any other transport equipment, and other machinery and equipment: For (a), (b) and (c): None, except that: A “National Shipowner” or “National Ship Enterprise” is understood as a natural person of Peruvian nationality or juridical person constituted in Peru, with its principal domicile and real and effective headquarters in Peru, whose business is to provide water transportation services in national traffic or cabotage (4) or international traffic and who is the owner or lessee under a financial lease or a bareboat charter, with an obligatory purchase option, of at least one Peruvian flag merchant vessel and that has obtained the relevant Operation Permit from the General Aquatic Transport Directorate (Dirección General de Transporte Acuático). Cabotage is exclusively reserved to Peruvian flagged merchant vessels owned by a National Shipowner or National Ship Enterprise or leased under a financial lease or a bareboat charter, with an obligatory purchase option, except that: (i) up to 25 per cent of the transport of hydrocarbons in national waters is reserved for the ships of the Peruvian Navy; and (ii) for the transportation of bulk liquids, it will be allowed the chartering of foreign-flagged vessels may be operated exclusively by National Shipowners or National Ship Enterprise for a period of no more than six months for water transportation exclusively between Peruvian ports or cabotage when such an entity does not own its own vessels or lease vessels under the modalities previously mentioned. (iii) The maritime cabotage of passengers is allowed, and cargo other than bulk liquids and may be carried out by a natural person or legal person or foreigner, with ships with a Peruvian flag or with ships with a foreign flag, who have obtained the respective permit. of operation granted by the Directorate of Authorizations in Aquatic Transport of the Ministry of Transport and Communications. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Advertising services: For (a), (b) and (c): None, except that: Commercial advertising produced in Peru, must use at least 80 per cent national artists. National artists shall receive no less than 60 per cent of the total payroll for wages and salaries paid to artists. The same percentages established in the preceding paragraphs shall govern the work of technical personnel involved in commercial advertising. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law of the Artist and Performer (Ley del Artista, Intérprete y Ejecutante) and Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Market research and public opinion polling services, management consulting services, services related to management consulting, and technical testing and analysis services: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Services related to agriculture, hunting, and forestry: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Services incidental to fishing: solely advisory and consulting services relating to fishing: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Services related to mining, placement and supply services of personnel, and investigation and security services: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Related scientific and technical consulting services: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Maintenance and repair of equipment (not including vessels, aircraft, or other transport equipment), building-cleaning services, photographic services, packing services and convention services: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratacion de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Printing and publishing services: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Other (CPC 8790) except: credit rating services (CPC 87901); jewellery design services; design services of handicrafts that are identified as Peruvian handicrafts; and other business services non elsewhere classified (CPC 87909): For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Advisory services on telecommunications: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
National or international long-distance telecommunications services: For (a), (b), (c) and (d): Peru reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure that is not inconsistent with Peru’s obligations under Article XVI of GATS.
Carrier telecommunications services, private telecommunications services and value added services (5): For (a), (b), (c): None, except for the obligation of obtaining a concession, authorisation, registry or any other title which Peru considers convenient to grant in order to habilitate the suppliers to provide these services. The juridical persons constituted under Peruvian law can be eligible for a concession. Call-back, understood as being the offer of telephone services for the realisation of attempts to make calls originating in the country with the objective of obtaining a return call with an invitation to dial, coming from a basic telecommunications network located outside the national territory, is prohibited. International traffic shall be routed through the installations of a company holding a concession or other permission for operation granted by the Ministry of Transport and Communications (Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones). Interconnection among private services is prohibited. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Commission agents services (except hydrocarbons): For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Retailing services, except alcohol and tobacco: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Wholesale trade services (except hydrocarbons): For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Franchising: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Environmental services: solely consulting services: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Hotels and restaurants (including catering), travel agencies and tour operators services, and tourist guide services: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Entertainment services (including theatre, live bands, and circus services), news agencies services, libraries, archives, museums, and other cultural and sporting services: For (a), (b) and (c): None, except that: (i) any domestic theatre (6) and visual arts production and any domestic artistic live performance must be comprised of at least 80 per cent national artists. National artists shall receive no less than 60 per cent of the total payroll for wages and salaries paid to artists. The same percentages established in the preceding paragraphs shall govern the work of technical personnel involved in artistic activities. (ii) a foreign circus may stay in Peru with the original cast for a maximum of 90 days. This period may be extended for the same period of time. If it is extended, the foreign circus will include a minimum of 30 per cent Peruvian nationals as artists and 15 per cent Peruvian nationals as technicians. The same percentages shall apply to the payroll of salaries and wages. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law of the Artist and Performer (Ley del Artista, Intérprete y Ejecutante) and Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Exploitation of facilities for competitive and recreational sports: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Recreational parks services: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Road Transport: rental of commercial vehicles with operator, maintenance and repair of road transport equipment, and exploitation of roads, bridges and tunnels services: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Services auxiliary to all transport: cargo handling services; storage and warehouse services; freight transport agency services: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Aircraft repair and maintenance services: For (a): No commitments. For (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
Selling and marketing of air transport services, and computer reservation system services: For (a), (b) and (c): None. For (d): No commitments, except as indicated in the Law for Foreign Workers Recruitment (Ley para la Contratación de Trabajadores Extranjeros).
For greater certainty, nothing in this entry shall be inconsistent with Peru’s commitments under Article XVI of GATS.
For purposes of this entry:
1. “(a)” refers to the supply of a service from the territory of the other Party into the territory of
Peru;
2. “(b)” refers to the supply of a service in the territory of the other Party by one person of
that Party to a person of Peru;
3. “(c)” refers to the supply of a service in the territory of Peru by an investor of the other Party or by a covered investment; and
4. “(d)” refers to the supply of a service by a national of the other Party in the territory of Peru.
5. “None” means no limitations or conditions on the application of Article 9.6 (Market Access).
Existing Measures:
Annex I . SINGAPORE - EXPLANATORY NOTES
1. The Schedule of Singapore to this Annex sets out, pursuant to Article 8.11 (Non- Conforming Measures) and Article 9.7 (Non-Conforming Measures), Singapore's existing measures that are not subject to some or all of the obligations imposed by:
(a) Article 8.5 (National Treatment) or Article 9.3 (National Treatment);
(b) Article 8.6 (Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment) or Article 9.4 (Most-FavouredNation Treatment);
(c) Article 8.9 (Performance Requirements);
(d) Article 8.10 (Senior Management and Boards of Directors);
(e) Article 9.5 (Local Presence); or
(f) Article 9.6 (Market Access).
2. Each Schedule entry sets out the following elements:
(a) Sector refers to the sector for which the entry is made;
(b) Sub-Sector, where referenced, refers to the specific subsector for which the entry is made;
(c) Industry Classification, where referenced, refers to the activity covered by the non-conforming measure, according to the provisional CPC codes as used in the Provisional Central Product Classification (Statistical Papers Series M No. 77, Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office of the United Nations, New York, 1991);
(d) Obligations Concerned specifies the obligations referred to in paragraph 1 that, pursuant to Article 8.11.1(a) (Non-Conforming Measures) and Article 9.7.1(a) (Non-Conforming Measures), do not apply to the listed measure(s) as indicated in the introductory notes for Singapore’s Schedule;
(e) Level of Government indicates the level of government maintaining the listed measures;
(f) Measures identifies the laws, regulations or other measures for which the entry Is made. A measure cited in the Measures element:
(i) means the measure as amended, continued or renewed as of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, and
(ii) includes any subordinate measure adopted or maintained under the authority of and consistent with the measure; and
(g) Description, as indicated in the introductory notes for Singapore’s Schedule, either sets out the non-conforming measure or provides a general non-binding description of the measure for which the entry is made.
3. Article 9.3 (National Treatment) and Article 9.5 (Local Presence) are separate disciplines and a measure that is only inconsistent with Article 9.5 (Local Presence) need not be reserved against Article 9.3 (National Treatment).
Annex I. SINGAPORE'S RESERVATIONS TO CHAPTER 8 (INVESTMENT) & CHAPTER 9 (CROSS-BORDER TRADE IN SERVICES)
INTRODUCTORY NOTES
1. Description sets out the non-conforming aspects of the measure to which the entry applies.
2. In accordance with Article 8.11.1 (Non-Conforming Measures) and Article 9.7.1 (Non- Conforming Measures), the articles of this Agreement specified in the Obligations Concerned element of an entry do not apply to the non-conforming measures identified in the Description element of that entry.
3. In the interpretation of a reservation, all elements of the reservation shall be considered.
4 For greater certainty, the fact that Singapore has described a measure in the Description element of an entry does not necessarily mean that, in the absence of such an entry, the measure would be inconsistent with Singapore's obligation under Chapter 8 (Investment) and Chapter 9 (Cross-Border Trade in Services).
1. Sector: All
Sub-Sector:
Industry Classification:
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 8.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: This is an administrative policy of the Government of Singapore and is inscribed in the Memorandum and Articles of Association of PSA Corporation.
Description: Investment
The aggregate of foreign shareholdings in PSA Corporation and/or its successor body is subject to a 49 per cent limit.
The “aggregate of foreign shareholdings” is defined as the total number of shares owned by:
(a) any individual who is not a Singapore citizen;
(b) any corporation which is not more than 50 per cent owned by Singapore citizens or by the Singapore Government; or
(c) any other enterprise which is not owned or controlled by the Singapore Government.
2. Sector: All
Sub-Sector:
Industry Classification:
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 8.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: This is an administrative policy of the Government of Singapore and is inscribed in the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the relevant enterprises below.
Description: Investment
All individual investors, apart from the Singapore government, will be subject to the following equity ownership limits in the enterprises, and/or its successor bodies, as listed below:
(a) Singapore Technologies Engineering – 15 per cent;
(b) PSA Corporation – 5 per cent; and