Pacific Alliance - Singapore FTA (2022)
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Article 12.3. Approaches to Regulation

1. The Parties recognise the value of competitive markets to deliver a wide range of choices in the supply of telecommunications services and to enhance consumer welfare, and that economic regulation may not be needed if there is effective competition or if a service is new to a market. Accordingly, the Parties recognise that regulatory needs and approaches differ market by market, and that each Party may determine how to implement its obligations under this Chapter.

2. In this respect, the Parties recognise that a Party may:

(a) engage in direct regulation either in anticipation of an issue that the Party expects may arise or to resolve an issue that has already arisen in the market;

(b) rely on the role of market forces, particularly with respect to market segments that are, or are likely to be, competitive or that have low barriers to entry, such as services provided by telecommunications suppliers that do not own network facilities; or

(c) use any other appropriate means that benefit the long-term interest of end-users.

Article 12.4. Access to and Use of Public Telecommunications Services  (1)

1. Each Party shall ensure that any enterprise of the other Party has access to and use of any public telecommunications service, including leased circuits, offered in its territory or across its borders, on reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions. This obligation shall be applied, inter alia, to paragraphs 2 through 6.

2. Each Party shall ensure that any enterprise of the other Party is permitted to:

(a) purchase or lease, and attach terminal or other equipment that interfaces with public telecommunications networks;

(b) provide services to individual or multiple end-users over leased or owned circuits;

(c) connect leased or owned circuits with public telecommunications networks and services or with circuits leased or owned by another enterprise;

(d) perform switching, signalling, processing and conversion functions, and (e) use operating protocols of their choice.

3. Each Party shall ensure that any enterprise of the other Party may use public telecommunications services for the movement of information in its territory or across its borders including for intra-corporate communications, and for access to information contained in databases or otherwise stored in machine-readable form in the territory of a Party.

4. Notwithstanding paragraph 3, a Party may take measures that are necessary to ensure the security and confidentiality of messages, and to protect the privacy of personal data of end-users of public telecommunications networks or services, provided that those measures are not applied in a manner that would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination, or a disguised restriction on trade in services.

5. Each Party shall ensure that no condition is imposed on access to and use of public telecommunications networks and services, other than as necessary to:

(a) safeguard the public service responsibilities of suppliers of public telecommunications networks and services, in particular, their ability to make their networks or services generally available to the public, or

(b) protect the technical integrity of public telecommunications networks or services.

6. Provided that they satisfy the criteria set out in paragraph 5, conditions for access to and use of public telecommunications networks and services may include:

(a) a requirement to use a specified technical interface, including an interface protocol, for connection with those networks and services;

(b) a requirement, when necessary, for the interoperability of those networks and services;

(c) type approval of terminal or other equipment that interfaces with the network and technical requirements relating to the attachment of that equipment to those networks; or

(d) a licensing, or notification procedure which, if adopted or maintained, is transparent and provides for the processing of applications filed thereunder in accordance with a Party's laws or regulations.

(1) For greater certainty, this Article does not prohibit a Party from requiring an enterprise to obtain a licence to supply any public telecommunications services within its territory.

Article 12.5. Interconnection

1. Each Party shall ensure that suppliers of public telecommunications services in its territory provide, directly or indirectly within the same territory, interconnection with the suppliers of public telecommunications services of the other Party.

2. Each Party shall provide its telecommunications regulatory body with the authority to require interconnection at cost-oriented rates.

3. In carrying out paragraph 1, each Party shall ensure that suppliers of public telecommunications services in its territory take reasonable steps to protect the confidentiality of commercially sensitive information of, or relating to, suppliers and end-users of public telecommunications services, obtained as a result of interconnection arrangements, and that those suppliers only use that information for the purposes of providing these services.

Article 12.6. Number Portability

Each Party shall ensure that suppliers of public telecommunications services in its territory provide number portability (2), without impairment to quality and reliability, in a timely manner, and on reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions.

(2) In the case of Colombia, Article 12.6 shall only apply to mobile services, and shall apply to fixed telephone services provided that it is determined to be technically and economically feasible.

Article 12.7. Access to Telephone Numbers

Each Party shall ensure that suppliers of public telecommunications services of the other Party established in its territory are afforded access to telephone numbers on a non-discriminatory basis.

Article 12.8. Competitive Safeguards

1. Each Party shall maintain appropriate measures for the purpose of preventing suppliers of public telecommunications services that, alone or together, are major suppliers in its territory from engaging in or continuing anti-competitive practices.

2. The anti-competitive practices referred to in paragraph 1 include in particular:

(a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidisation;

(b) using information obtained from competitors with anti-competitive results; and

(c) not making available, on a timely basis, to suppliers of public telecommunications services, technical information about essential facilities and commercially relevant information that are necessary for them to provide services.

Article 12.9. Interconnection with Major Suppliers

General Terms and Conditions

1. Each Party shall ensure that a major supplier in its territory provides interconnection for the facilities and equipment of suppliers of public telecommunications services of the other Party:

(a) at any technically feasible point in the major supplier's network;

(b) under non-discriminatory terms, conditions (including technical standards and specifications) and rates;

(c) of aquality no less favourable than that provided by the major supplier for its own like services, for like services of non-affiliated service suppliers, or for like services of its subsidiaries or other affiliates;

(d) in a timely manner, on terms, conditions (including technical standards and specifications) and at cost-oriented rates that are transparent, reasonable, having regard to economic feasibility, and sufficiently unbundled so that the suppliers do not need to pay for network components or facilities that they do not require for the service to be provided; and

(e) on request, at points in addition to the network termination points offered to the majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary additional facilities.

Options for Interconnecting with Major Suppliers

2. Each Party shall ensure that a major supplier in its territory provides suppliers of public telecommunications services of the other Party with the opportunity to interconnect their facilities and equipment with those of the major supplier in its territory, through at least one of the following options:

(a) a reference interconnection offer or another standard interconnection offer containing the rates, terms and conditions that the major supplier offers generally to suppliers of public telecommunications services;

(b) the terms and conditions of an interconnection agreement that is in effect; or

(c) through the negotiation of a new interconnection agreement.

Public Availability of Interconnection Offers and Agreements

3. Each Party shall make publicly available the applicable procedures for interconnection negotiations with a major supplier in its territory.

4. Each Party shall provide means for suppliers of public telecommunications services of the other Party to obtain the rates, terms and conditions necessary for interconnection offered by a major supplier. Those means include, at a minimum, ensuring:

(a) the public availability of interconnection agreements that are in effect between a major supplier in its territory and other suppliers of public telecommunications services in its territory;

(b) the public availability of rates, terms and conditions for interconnection with a major supplier, set by the telecommunications regulatory body or other competent body; or

(c) the public availability of a reference interconnection offer.

Article 12.10. Treatment by Major Suppliers of Public Telecommunications Services

Each Party shall ensure that major suppliers in its territory accord suppliers of public telecommunications services of the other Party treatment no less favourable than that major suppliers accord, in like circumstances, to its subsidiaries, its affiliates or non-affiliated service suppliers regarding:

(a) the availability, provisioning, rates or quality of like public telecommunications services; and

(b) the availability of technical interfaces necessary for interconnection.

Article 12.11. Resale

1. No Party shall prohibit the resale of any public telecommunications service.

2. Each Party shall ensure that major suppliers in its territory:

(a) offer for resale, at reasonable rates, (3) to suppliers of public telecommunications services of the other Party, public telecommunications services that such major suppliers supply at retail to end-users; and

(b) do not impose unreasonable or discriminatory conditions or limitations on the resale of those services.

3. Each Party may determine, in accordance with its laws and regulations, which public telecommunications services must be offered for resale by major suppliers pursuant to patagraph 2, based on the need to promote competition or to benefit the long-term interests of end-users.

4. If a Party does not require that a major supplier offer a specific public telecommunications service for resale, it nonetheless shall allow service suppliers to request that the service be offered for resale consistent with paragraph 2, without prejudice to the Party's decision on the request.

(3) For the purposes of this article each Party may determine reasonable rates through any methodology that it considers appropriate.

Article 12.12. Unbundling of Network Elements

1. Each Party shall provide its telecommunications regulatory body with the authority to require that major suppliers in its territory offer to suppliers of public telecommunications services of the other Party access to network elements on an unbundled basis, on terms and conditions, and at cost- oriented rates, that are reasonable, non-discriminatory and transparent for the supply of public telecommunications services.

2. Each Party may determine the network elements required to be made available in its territory, and the suppliers that may obtain those elements, in accordance with its laws and regulations.

Article 12.13. Provisioning and Pricing of Leased Circuits

1. Each Party shall ensure that major suppliers in its territory provide to service suppliers of the other Party leased circuits services that are public telecommunications services within a reasonable period of time, and on terms and conditions and at rates, that are reasonable, and non-discriminatory, and based on a generally available offer.

2. Further to paragraph 1, each Party shall provide its telecommunications regulatory body with the authority to require major suppliers in its territory to offer leased circuits services that are public telecommunications services to service suppliers of the other Party at capacity-based and cost-oriented rates.

Article 12.14. Co-location

1. Each Party shall ensure, subject to paragraphs 2 and 3, that a major supplier in its territory provides to suppliers of public telecommunications services of the other Party in the Party's territory, physical co-location of equipment necessary for interconnection or access to unbundled network elements, based on a generally available offer on a timely basis and on terms and conditions and at cost-oriented rates that are reasonable and non-discriminatory.

2. Where physical co-location is not practical for technical reasons or because of space limitations, each Party shall ensure that major suppliers in its territory provide an alternative solution, such as facilitating virtual co-location, based on a generally available offer, on a timely basis and on terms and conditions and at cost-oriented rates that are reasonable and non-discriminatory.

3. Each Party may determine, in accordance with its laws and regulations, which premises owned or controlled by major suppliers in its territory are subject to paragraphs 1 and 2. When the Party makes this determination, it shall take into account factors such as the state of competition in the market where co-location is required, whether those premises can be substituted in an economically or technically feasible manner in order to provide a competing service, or other specific public interest factors.

4. If a Party does not require that a major supplier offer co-location at certain premises, it nonetheless shall allow suppliers of public telecommunications services to request that those premises be offered for co-location consistent with paragraph 1, without prejudice to the Party's decision on such a request.

Article 12.15. Access to Poles, Ducts, Conduits and Rights-of-Way (4)(5)

1. Each Party shall ensure that major suppliers in its territory provide access to poles, ducts, conduits and rights-of-way or any other structures as determined by the Party, owned or controlled by major suppliers to suppliers of public telecommunications services of the other Party in the Party's territory on a timely basis, on terms and conditions and at rates that are reasonable, non-discriminatory and transparent, subject to technical feasibility.

2. A Party may determine, in accordance with its laws and regulations, the poles, ducts, conduits, rights-of-way or any other structures to which it requires major suppliers in its territory to provide access in accordance with paragraph 1. When the Party makes this determination, it shall take into account factors such as the competitive effect of lack of such access, whether such structures can be substituted in an economically or technically feasible manner in order to provide a competing service, or other specified public interest factors.

(4) Chile may comply with this obligation by maintaining appropriate measures to prevent major suppliers in its territory from denying access to poles, ducts, conduits and rights-of-way or any other structure as determined by Chile and that are owned or controlled by such major suppliers.
(5) For Mexico, rights-of-way is equivalent to "derecho de via".

Article 12.16. International Submarine Cable Systems (6)(7)

Each Party shall ensure that any major supplier who controls international submarine cable landing stations in the Party's territory provides access to those landing stations, consistent with the provisions of Article 12.9, Article 12.13 and Article 12.14, to public telecommunications suppliers of the other Party.

(6) Mexico, based on its evaluation of the state of competition of the Mexican submarine cable systems market, has not applied major supplier-related measures to submarine cable landing stations pursuant to this Article.
(7) For Chile, this provision shall apply when its telecommunications regulatory body obtains the authority to implement this provision. Nonetheless, Chile shall ensure reasonable and non-discriminatory access to international submarine cable systems including landing stations in its territory.

Article 12.17. Independent Regulatory Bodies

1. Each Party shall ensure that its telecommunications regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of public telecommunications services. With a view to ensuring the independence and impartiality of telecommunications regulatory bodies, each Party shall ensure that its telecommunications regulatory body does not hold a financial interest (8) or maintain an operating or management role in any supplier of public telecommunications services.

2. Each Party shall ensure that the regulatory decisions and procedures of its telecommunications regulatory body related to the provisions in this Chapter are impartial with respect to all market participants.

3. No Party shall accord more favourable treatment to a supplier of public telecommunications services in its territory than that accorded to a like service supplier of the other Party on the basis that the supplier receiving more favourable treatment is owned by the national government of the Party.

(8) This paragraph shall not be construed to prohibit a government entity of a Party other than the telecommunications regulatory body from owning equity in a supplier of public telecommunications services.

Article 12.18. Cooperation

The Parties shall endeavour to:

(a) exchange experiences and information in matters of telecommunications policy and regulation, including approaches to promoting and measuring the quality of public telecommunications services;

(b) promote capacity-building among their telecommunications regulatory bodies; and

(c) exchange information on strategies that promote access to telecommunications services, including in rural areas.

Article 12.19. Licensing Process

1. If a Party requires a supplier of public telecommunications services to have a licence, the Party shall ensure the public availability of:

(a) all the licensing criteria and procedures that it applies;

(b) the time period that it normally requires to reach a decision concerning an application for a licence; and

(c) the terms and conditions of all licences in effect.

2. Each Party shall ensure that, upon request, an applicant is informed of the reasons for the:

(a) denial of a licence;

(b) imposition of supplier-specific conditions on a licence;

(c) revocation of a licence; or

(d) refusal to renew a licence.

Article 12.20. Allocation and Use of Scarce Resources

1. Each Party shall administer its procedures for the allocation and use of scarce telecommunications resources, including frequencies, numbers and rights-of-way, in an objective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory manner.

2. Each Party shall make publicly available the current state of allocated frequency bands but retains the right not to provide detailed identification of frequencies that are allocated or assigned for specific government use.

3. For greater certainty, a Party's measures relating to allocation and assignment of spectrum and management of frequencies are not per se measures inconsistent with Article 9.6 (Market Access), either as it applies to cross-border trade in services or through the operation of Article 8.2 (Scope) to an investor or covered investment of the other Party. Accordingly, each Party retains the right to establish and apply spectrum and frequency management policies that may have the effect of limiting the number of suppliers of public telecommunications services, provided that the Party does so in a manner that is consistent with this Agreement. This includes the ability to allocate frequency bands taking into account current and future needs and spectrum availability.

4. When making a spectrum allocation for commercial telecommunications services, each Party shall endeavour to rely on an open and transparent process that considers the public interest, including the promotion of competition. Each Party shall endeavour to rely generally on market-based approaches in assigning spectrum for terrestrial commercial telecommunications services. To this end, each Party shall have the authority to use mechanisms such as auctions, if appropriate, to assign spectrum for commercial use.

Article 12.21. Universal Service

Each Party has the right to define the kind of universal service obligations it wishes to adopt or maintain and shall administer any such obligation in a transparent, non-discriminatory and competitively neutral manner, and shall ensure that its universal service obligation is not more burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service that it has defined.

Article 12.22. Transparency

1. Further to Chapter 21 (Transparency and Anti-Corruption), each Party shall ensure that when its telecommunications regulatory body seeks input (9) for a proposal for a regulation, that body shall:

(a) make the proposal public or otherwise available to any interested persons;

(b) include an explanation of the purpose of and reasons for the proposal;

(c) provide interested persons with adequate public notice of the ability to comment and reasonable opportunity for such comment;

(d) to the extent practicable, make publicly available all relevant comments filed with it; and

(e) respond to all significant and relevant issues raised in comments filed, in the course of issuance of the final regulation. (10)

2. Further to Chapter 21 (Transparency and Anti-Corruption), each Party shall ensure that its measures relating to public telecommunications services are made publicly available, including:

(a) tariffs and other terms and conditions of service;

(b) specifications of technical interfaces;

(c) conditions for attaching terminal or other equipment to the public telecommunications network;

(d) licensing or notification requirements, if any;

(e) any measures of the telecommunications regulatory body delegating to other bodies the responsibility for preparing, amending and adopting standards-related measures affecting access and use; and

(f) general procedures relating to resolution of telecommunications disputes provided for in Article 12.25.

(9) For greater certainty, seeking input does not include internal governmental deliberations.
(10) For greater certainty, a Party may consolidate its responses to the comments received from interested persons.

Article 12.23. International Mobile Roaming

1. The Parties shall endeavour to cooperate on promoting transparent and reasonable rates for international mobile roaming services that can help promote the growth of trade among the Parties and enhance consumer welfare.

2. Each Party shall encourage suppliers of public telecommunication services to allow end- users of international roaming of the other Party to make free calls to local emergency numbers of that Party in accordance with its laws and regulations.

3. A Party may choose to take steps to enhance transparency and competition with respect to international mobile roaming rates and technological alternatives to roaming services, such as:

(a) ensuring that information regarding retail rates for international mobile roaming services is easily accessible to the public;

(b) minimising impediments to the use of technological alternatives to roaming, whereby consumers when visiting the territory of a Party from the territory of the other Party can access telecommunications services using the device of their choice; or

(c) encouraging suppliers of public telecommunication services to enable their subscribers of international roaming to manage their use of data, voice and text messages (Short Message Service or SMS).

4. Each Party shall ensure that:

(a) suppliers of public telecommunications services in its territory; or

(b) its telecommunications regulatory body; make publicly available the retail rates for international mobile roaming services.

5. The Parties recognise that a Party may choose to adopt or maintain measures affecting rates or conditions for wholesale international roaming services, with a view to ensuring that these are reasonable. If a Party considers it appropriate it may also cooperate with the other Party to facilitate the implementation of those measures, including by entering into arrangements.

6. If a Party ("the first Party") chooses to regulate rates or conditions for wholesale or retail international mobile roaming services, it shall ensure that a supplier of public telecommunications services of the other Party ("the second Party") has access to the regulated rates or conditions for wholesale or retail international mobile roaming services for its customers roaming in the territory of the first Party if the second Party has entered into an arrangement with the first Party to reciprocally regulate rates or conditions for wholesale or retail international mobile roaming services for suppliers of the two Parties. (11) The first Party may require suppliers of the second Party to fully utilise commercial negotiations to reach agreement on the terms for accessing such rates or conditions.

7. A Party that ensures access to regulated rates or conditions for wholesale international mobile roaming services in accordance with paragraph 6 shall be deemed to be in compliance with its obligations under Article 9.4 (Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment), Article 12.4, and Article 12.10 with respect to international mobile roaming services.

8. Nothing in this Article shall require a Party to regulate rates or conditions for international mobile roaming services.

(11) For greater certainty, the second Party shall not, solely on the basis of any obligations owed to it by the first Party under a most-favoured-nation provision, or under a telecommunications-specific non-discrimination provision, in any existing international trade agreement, seek or obtain for its suppliers the access to regulated rates or conditions for wholesale international mobile roaming services that is provided under this Article.

Article 12.24. Flexibility In Choice of Technology

No Party shall prevent suppliers of public telecommunications services from choosing the technologies they wish to use to supply their services, subject to requirements necessary to satisfy legitimate public policy interests, provided that any measure restricting that choice is not prepared, adopted or applied in a manner that creates unnecessary obstacles to trade. For greater certainty, a Party adopting those measures shall do so consistent with Article 12.22.

  • Chapter   1 INITIAL PROVISIONS 1
  • Article   1.1 Establishment of a Free Trade Area 1
  • Article   1.2 Relationship to other International Agreements 1
  • Article   1.3 Scope 1
  • Chapter   2 GENERAL DEFINITIONS 1
  • Article   2.1 General Definitions 1
  • Article   2.2 Party-Specific Definitions 1
  • Chapter   3 NATIONAL TREATMENT AND MARKET ACCESS FOR GOODS 1
  • Section   A Definitions and Scope 1
  • Article   3.1 Definitions 1
  • Article   3.2 Scope 1
  • Section   B National Treatment 1
  • Article   3.3 National Treatment 1
  • Section   C Tariff Elimination 2
  • Article   3.4 Elimination of Customs Duties 2
  • Section   D Non-Tariff Measures 2
  • Article   3.6 Import and Export Restrictions 2
  • Article   3.7 Non-Tariff Measures 2
  • Article   3.8 Import Licensing 2
  • Article   3.9 Administrative Fees and Formalities 2
  • Article   3.10 Export Duties, Taxes or other Charges 2
  • Section   E Special Customs Regimes 2
  • Article   3.11 Waiver of Customs Duties 2
  • Article   3.12 Temporary Admission of Goods 2
  • Article   3.13 Goods Re-entered after Repair or Alteration 2
  • Article   3.14 Duty-Free Entry of Commercial Samples of Negligible Value and Printed Advertising Materials 2
  • Section   F Agriculture 2
  • Article   3.15 Scope 2
  • Article   3.16 Export Competition 2
  • Section   G Trade In Goods Committee 2
  • Article   3.17 Administration of this Chapter 2
  • Chapter   4 RULES OF ORIGIN AND ORIGIN PROCEDURES 2
  • Section   A Rules of Origin 2
  • Article   4.1 Definitions 2
  • Article   4.2 Originating Goods 2
  • Article   4.3 Wholly Obtained or Produced Goods 2
  • Article   4.4 Regional Value Content 3
  • Article   4.5 Net Cost 3
  • Article   4.6 Materials Used In Production 3
  • Article   4.7 Value of Materials Used In Production 3
  • Article   4.8 Indirect Materials 3
  • Article   4.9 Minimal Operations or Processes That Do Not Confer Origin 3
  • Article   4.10 Accumulation 3
  • Article   4.11 De Minimis 3
  • Article   4.12 Fungible Goods and Materials 3
  • Article   4.13 Accessories, Spare Parts, Tools, and Instructional or other Information Materials 3
  • Article   4.14 Packaging Materials and Containers for Retail Sale 3
  • Article   4.15 Packing Materials and Containers for Shipment 3
  • Article   4.17 Transit and Transhipment 3
  • Section   B Origin Procedures 3
  • Article   4.19 Certification of Origin 3
  • Article   4.20 Non-Party Invoice 4
  • Article   4.21 Minor Errors or Discrepancies 4
  • Article   4.22 Waiver of Certification of Origin 4
  • Article   4.23 Obligations Regarding Importations 4
  • Article   4.25 Obligations Regarding Exportations 4
  • Article   4.26 Records 4
  • Article   4.27 Verification of Origin 4
  • Article   4.28 Determinations of Origin 4
  • Article   4.29 Penalties 4
  • Article   4.30 Confidentiality 4
  • Article   4.31 Administration of this Chapter and Chapter 5 4
  • Article   4.32 Committee on Short Supply 4
  • Article   4.33 CSS Criteria 4
  • Chapter   5 CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION AND TRADE FACILITATION 4
  • Article   5.1 Definitions 4
  • Article   5.2 Scope 4
  • Article   5.3 Objectives 4
  • Article   5.4 Affirmation of the Trade Facilitation Agreement 4
  • Article   5.5 Confidentiality 4
  • Article   5.6 Transparency 4
  • Article   5.7 Use of Customs Brokers 4
  • Article   5.8 Consistency In Tariff Classification and Customs Valuation 4
  • Article   5.9 Release of Goods 5
  • Article   5.10 Post-clearance Audit 5
  • Article   5.11 Record Keeping 5
  • Article   5.12 Automation 5
  • Article   5.13 Risk Management 5
  • Article   5.14 Express Shipments 5
  • Article   5.15 Perishable Goods 5
  • Article   5.16 Authorised Economic Operator 5
  • Article   5.17 Single Window 5
  • Article   5.18 Review and Appeal 5
  • Article   5.19 Penalties 5
  • Article   5.20 Advance Rulings 5
  • Article   5.21 Standards of Conduct 5
  • Article   5.22 Customs Cooperation 5
  • Article   5.23 Administration of this Chapter 5
  • Chapter   6 SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES 5
  • Article   6.1 Definitions 5
  • Article   6.2 Objectives 5
  • Article   6.3 Scope 6
  • Article   6.4 General Provisions 6
  • Article   6.5 Equivalence 6
  • Article   6.6 Risk Analysis 6
  • Article   6.7 Adaptation to Regional Conditions, Including Pest- or Disease-Free Areas and Areas of Low Pest or Disease Prevalence 6
  • Article   6.8 Transparency  (4) 6
  • Article   6.9 Information Exchange 6
  • Article   6.10 Import Checks 6
  • Article   6.11 Audits  (7) 6
  • Article   6.12 Emergency Measures 6
  • Article   6.13 Certification 6
  • Article   6.14 Cooperation 6
  • Article   6.15 Cooperative Technical Consultations 6
  • Article   6.16 Administration of this Chapter 6
  • Article   6.17 Competent Authorities and Contact Points 6
  • Chapter   7 TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE 6
  • Article   7.1 Objectives 6
  • Article   7.2 Scope of Application 6
  • Article   7.3 Incorporation of the TBT Agreement 6
  • Article   7.4 International Standards, Guides and Recommendations 6
  • Article   7.5 Cooperation and Trade Facilitation 6
  • Article   7.6 Technical Regulations 7
  • Article   7.7 Conformity Assessment 7
  • Article   7.8 Transparency 7
  • Article   7.9 Administration of this Chapter 7
  • Article   7.10 Information Exchange 7
  • Article   7.11 Implementation Annexes 7
  • Article   7.12 Technical Discussions 7
  • Chapter   8 INVESTMENT 7
  • Section   A 7
  • Article   8.1 Definitions 7
  • Article   8.2 Scope 7
  • Article   8.3 Right to Regulate 7
  • Article   8.4 Relation to other Chapters 7
  • Article   8.5 National Treatment 7
  • Article   8.6 Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment 7
  • Article   8.7 Minimum Standard of Treatment  (8) 7
  • Article   8.8 Treatment In Case of Armed Conflict or Civil Strife 7
  • Article   8.9 Performance Requirements 7
  • Article   8.10 Senior Management and Boards of Directors 8
  • Article   8.11 Non-Conforming Measures 8
  • Article   8.12 Transfers  (12) 8
  • Article   8.13 Expropriation and Compensation (14) (15) 8
  • Article   8.14 Denial of Benefits (18) 8
  • Article   8.15 Special Formalities and Information Requirements 8
  • Article   8.16 Subrogation 8
  • Article   8.17 Corporate Social Responsibility 8
  • Section   B Settlement of Disputes between a Party and an Investor of the other Party 8
  • Article   8.18 Consultations 8
  • Article   8.19 Mediation 8
  • Article   8.20 Submission of a Claim to Arbitration 8
  • Article   8.21 Consent of Each Party to Arbitration 8
  • Article   8.22 Conditions and Limitations on Consent of Each Party 9
  • Article   8.23 Third Party Funding 9
  • Article   8.24 Selection of Arbitrators 9
  • Article   8.25 Conduct of the Arbitration 9
  • Article   8.26 Transparency of Arbitral Proceedings 9
  • Article   8.27 Discontinuance 9
  • Article   8.28 Governing Law 9
  • Article   8.29 Interpretation of Annexes on Non-Conforming Measures 9
  • Article   8.30 Expert Reports 9
  • Article   8.31 Consolidation 9
  • Article   8.32 Awards 9
  • Article   8.33 Service of Documents 9
  • Section   C Complementary Provisions 9
  • Article   8.34 Implementation 9
  • Annex 8-A  CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 9
  • Annex 8-B  TRANSFERS 9
  • Annex 8-C  EXPROPRIATION 9
  • Annex 8-D  EXEMPTIONS TO DISPUTE RESOLUTION MEXICO 10
  • Annex 8-E  SUBMISSION OF A CLAIM TO ARBITRATION 10
  • Annex 8-F  SERVICE OF DOCUMENTS ON A PARTY UNDER SECTION B 10
  • Chapter   9 CROSS-BORDER TRADE IN SERVICES 10
  • Article   9.1 Definitions 10
  • Article   9.2 Scope 10
  • Article   9.3 National Treatment 10
  • Article   9.4 Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment 10
  • Article   9.5 Local Presence 10
  • Article   9.6 Market Access 10
  • Article   9.7 Non-Conforming Measures 10
  • Article   9.8 Transparency 10
  • Article   9.9 Domestic Regulation 10
  • Article   9.10 Recognition 10
  • Article   9.11 Transfers and Payments (8) 11
  • Article   9.12 Administration of this Chapter 11
  • Article   9.13 Denial of Benefits 11
  • Annex 9-A  PROFESSIONAL SERVICE 11
  • Chapter   10 INTERNATIONAL MARITIME TRANSPORT SERVICES 11
  • Article   10.1 Definitions 11
  • Article   10.2 Scope 11
  • Article   10.3 Access to Ports, Services at the Port, and Maritime Auxiliary Services 11
  • Article   10.4 Cooperation 11
  • Article   10.5 Repositioning of Empty Containers 11
  • Article   10.6 Port Fees and Charges 11
  • Article   10.7 Administration of this Chapter 11
  • Chapter   11 TEMPORARY ENTRY FOR BUSINESS PERSONS 11
  • Article   11.1 Definitions 11
  • Article   11.2 Scope 11
  • Article   11.3 Application Procedures 11
  • Article   11.4 Grant of Temporary Entry 11
  • Article   11.5 Provision of Information 11
  • Article   11.7 Cooperation 11
  • Article   11.8 Relation to other Chapters 11
  • Article   11.9 Dispute Settlement 11
  • Chapter   12 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 11
  • Article   12.1 Definitions 11
  • Article   12.2 Scope 11
  • Article   12.3 Approaches to Regulation 12
  • Article   12.4 Access to and Use of Public Telecommunications Services  (1) 12
  • Article   12.5 Interconnection 12
  • Article   12.6 Number Portability 12
  • Article   12.7 Access to Telephone Numbers 12
  • Article   12.8 Competitive Safeguards 12
  • Article   12.9 Interconnection with Major Suppliers 12
  • Article   12.10 Treatment by Major Suppliers of Public Telecommunications Services 12
  • Article   12.11 Resale 12
  • Article   12.12 Unbundling of Network Elements 12
  • Article   12.13 Provisioning and Pricing of Leased Circuits 12
  • Article   12.14 Co-location 12
  • Article   12.15 Access to Poles, Ducts, Conduits and Rights-of-Way (4)(5) 12
  • Article   12.16 International Submarine Cable Systems (6)(7) 12
  • Article   12.17 Independent Regulatory Bodies 12
  • Article   12.18 Cooperation 12
  • Article   12.19 Licensing Process 12
  • Article   12.20 Allocation and Use of Scarce Resources 12
  • Article   12.21 Universal Service 12
  • Article   12.22 Transparency 12
  • Article   12.23 International Mobile Roaming 12
  • Article   12.24 Flexibility In Choice of Technology 12
  • Article   12.25 Resolution of Telecommunications Disputes 13
  • Article   12.26 Relation to other Chapters 13
  • Article   12.27 Enforcement 13
  • Article   12.28 Administration of this Chapter 13
  • Chapter   13 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 13
  • Article   13.1 Definitions 13
  • Article   13.2 Scope 13
  • Article   13.3 General Provisions 13
  • Article   13.4 Domestic Electronic Transactions Framework 13
  • Article   13.5 Customs Duties 13
  • Article   13.6 Non-Discriminatory Treatment of Digital Products 13
  • Article   13.7 Transparency 13
  • Article   13.8 Online Consumer Protection 13
  • Article   13.9 Paperless Administration of Trade 13
  • Article   13.10 Principles on Access to and Use of the Internet for Electronic Commerce 13
  • Article   13.11 Personal Information Protection 13
  • Article   13.12 Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Messages 13
  • Article   13.13 Electronic Authentication and Electronic Signatures 13
  • Article   13.14 Cross-Border Transfer of Information by Electronic Means 13
  • Article   13.15 Localisation of Computing Facilities 13
  • Article   13.16 Cooperation 13
  • Article   13.17 Cooperation on Cybersecurity Matters 13
  • Article   13.18 Source Code 13
  • Article   13.19 Administration of this Chapter 13
  • Chapter   14 GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT 13
  • Article   14.1 Definitions 13
  • Article   14.2 Scope Application of Chapter 14
  • Article   14.3 General Principles National Treatment and Non-Discrimination 14
  • Article   14.4 Offsets 14
  • Article   14.5 Valuation 14
  • Article   14.6 Technical Specifications 14
  • Article   14.7 Publication of Procurement Information 14
  • Article   14.8 Notice of Intended Procurement 14
  • Article   14.9 Limited Tendering 14
  • Article   14.10 Time Periods for the Submission of Tenders 14
  • Article   14.11 Tender Documentation 15
  • Article   14.12 Conditions for Participation 15
  • Article   14.13 Qualification of Suppliers Registration Systems and Qualification Procedures 15
  • Article   14.14 Treatment of Tenders and Awarding of Contracts 15
  • Article   14.15 Transparency and Post-Award Information 15
  • Article   14.16 Ensuring Integrity In Procurement Practices 15
  • Article   14.17 Domestic Review Procedures 15
  • Article   14.18 Use of Electronic Means 15
  • Article   14.19 Modifications and Rectifications 15
  • Article   14.20 Disclosure of Information 15
  • Article   14.21 Exceptions 15
  • Article   14.22 Facilitation of Participation by SMEs 15
  • Article   14.23 Cooperation 16
  • Article   14.24 Administration of this Chapter 16
  • Article   14.25 Further Negotiations 16
  • Chapter   15 COMPETITION POLICY 16
  • Article   15.1 Definitions 16
  • Article   15.2 Objectives 16
  • Article   15.3 Competition Laws and Authorities and Anticompetitive Business Conduct 16
  • Article   15.4 Procedural Fairness In Competition Law Enforcement 16
  • Article   15.5 Cooperation 16
  • Article   15.6 Technical Cooperation 16
  • Article   15.7 Consumer Protection 16
  • Article   15.8 Transparency 16
  • Article   15.9 Consultations 16
  • Article   15.10 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 16
  • Chapter   16 STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES 16
  • Article   16.1 Review 16
  • Chapter   17 TRADE AND GENDER 16
  • Article   17.1 General Provisions 16
  • Article   17.2 Cooperation Activities 16
  • Article   17.3 Administration of this Chapter 16
  • Article   17.4 Non-application of Dispute Resolution 16
  • Chapter   18 ECONOMIC AND TRADE COOPERATION 16
  • Article   18.1 General Provisions 16
  • Article   18.2 Areas of Economic and Trade Cooperation 16
  • Article   18.3 Administration of this Chapter 16
  • Article   18.4 Resources 16
  • Article   18.5 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 16
  • Chapter   19 SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES 16
  • Article   19.1 General Provisions 16
  • Article   19.2 Information Sharing 17
  • Article   19.3 Cooperation Activities 17
  • Article   19.4 Contact Points 17
  • Article   19.5 Administration of this Chapter 17
  • Article   19.6 Relation with other Chapters 17
  • Article   19.7 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 17
  • Chapter   20 GOOD REGULATORY PRACTICES 17
  • Article   20.1 Definitions 17
  • Article   20.2 General Provisions 17
  • Article   20.3 Scope of Application 17
  • Article   20.4 Establishment of Coordination and Review Processes or Mechanisms 17
  • Article   20.5 Implementation of Core Good Regulatory Practices 17
  • Article   20.6 Contact Points 17
  • Article   20.7 Cooperation 17
  • Article   20.8 Report of Implementation and Review 17
  • Article   20.9 Relation to other Chapters 17
  • Article   20.10 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 17
  • Chapter   21 TRANSPARENCY AND ANTI-CORRUPTION 17
  • Section   A Transparency 17
  • Article   21.1 Definitions 17
  • Article   21.2 Publication 17
  • Article   21.3 Notification and Provision of Information 17
  • Article   21.4 Administrative Proceedings 17
  • Article   21.5 Review and Appeal 17
  • Section   B Anti-Corruption 18
  • Article   21.6 Definitions 18
  • Article   21.7 Scope 18
  • Article   21.8 Measures to Combat Corruption 18
  • Article   21.9 Cooperation 18
  • Article   21.10 Promoting Integrity Among Public Officials 18
  • Article   21.11 Participation of Private Sector and Society 18
  • Article   21.12 Application and Enforcement of Anti-Corruption Laws 18
  • Article   21.13 Relation to other Agreements 18
  • Article   21.14 Dispute Settlement 18
  • Chapter   22 ADMINISTRATION OF THE AGREEMENT 18
  • Article   22.1 Free Trade Commission 18
  • Article   22.2 Rules of Procedure of the Free Trade Commission 18
  • Article   22.3 Functions of the Free Trade Commission 18
  • Article   22.4 Contact Points 18
  • Article   22.5 Establishment of Cross-Cutting Committees 18
  • Article   22.6 General Provisions of Cross-Cutting Committees 18
  • Chapter   23 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 18
  • Article   23.1 Definitions 18
  • Article   23.2 General Provisions 18
  • Article   23.3 Scope 19
  • Article   23.4 Urgent Circumstances 19
  • Article   23.5 Choice of Forum 19
  • Article   23.6 Consultations 19
  • Article   23.7 Good Offices, Conciliation and Mediation 19
  • Article   23.8 Establishment of a Panel 19
  • Article   23.9 Participation of a Third Party 19
  • Article   23.10 Consolidation of Proceedings 19
  • Article   23.11 Terms of Reference of the Panel 19
  • Article   23.12 Requirements of the Panellist 19
  • Article   23.13 Selection of the Panel 19
  • Article   23.14 Function of Panels 19
  • Article   23.15 Rules of Procedure of the Panel 19
  • Article   23.16 Suspension and Termination of Proceedings 19
  • Article   23.17 Initial Report of the Panel 19
  • Article   23.18 Final Report of the Panel 19
  • Article   23.19 Request for Clarification by the Panel 19
  • Article   23.20 Compliance with the Final Report of the Panel 19
  • Article   23.21 Non-Implementation - Compensation and Suspension of Benefits 19
  • Article   23.22 Compliance Review 20
  • Article   23.23 Administration of Dispute Settlement Proceedings 20
  • Article   23.24 Private Rights 20
  • Article   23.25 Alternative Dispute Resolution 20
  • Chapter   24 EXCEPTIONS 20
  • Article   24.1 General Exceptions 20
  • Article   24.2 Security Exceptions 20
  • Article   24 Taxation Measures 20
  • Article   24.4 Disclosure of Information 20
  • Article   24.5 Temporary Safeguard Measures 20
  • Chapter   25 FINAL PROVISIONS 20
  • Article   25.1 Annexes, Appendices and Footnotes 20
  • Article   25.2 Depositary 20
  • Article   25.3 Entry Into Force 20
  • Article   25.4 Amendments 20
  • Article   25.5 Amended or Successor International Agreements 20
  • Article   25.6 Withdrawal and Termination 20
  • Article   25.7 Accession 20
  • Article   25.8 Reservations 20
  • Article   25.9 Review 20
  • Article   25.10 Authentic Texts 20
  • Annex I  CHILE - EXPLANATORY NOTES 20
  • Annex I  SCHEDULE OF CHILE 21
  • Annex II  CHILE - EXPLANATORY NOTES 23
  • Annex II  SCHEDULE OF CHILE 23
  • Annex I  COLOMBIA - EXPLANATORY NOTES 24
  • Annex 8-A Annex 9-A  SCHEDULE OF COLOMBIA 24
  • Annex II  COLOMBIA - EXPLANATORY NOTES 26
  • ANNEX II  SCHEDULE OF COLOMBIA 26
  • Annex I  MEXICO - EXPLANATORY NOTES 27
  • Annex I  SCHEDULE OF MEXICO - INTRODUCTORY NOTES 27
  • Annex I  SCHEDULE OF MEXICO 27
  • Annex II   MEXICO - EXPLANATORY NOTES 32
  • Annex II   SCHEDULE OF MEXICO - INTRODUCTORY NOTES 32
  • Annex II   SCHEDULE OF MEXICO 32
  • Annex I  PERU - EXPLANATORY NOTES 33
  • Annex I  SCHEDULE OF PERU 33
  • Annex II  PERU - EXPLANATORY NOTES 35
  • Annex II  SCHEDULE OF PERU 35
  • Annex I   SINGAPORE - EXPLANATORY NOTES 36
  • Annex I  SINGAPORE'S RESERVATIONS TO CHAPTER 8 (INVESTMENT) & CHAPTER 9 (CROSS-BORDER TRADE IN SERVICES) 36
  • Annex II  SINGAPORE - EXPLANATORY NOTES 38
  • Annex II  SINGAPORE'S RESERVATIONS TO CHAPTER 8 (INVESTMENT) & CHAPTER 9 (CROSS-BORDER TRADE IN SERVICES) 38