Central America Republics - Korea, Republic of FTA (2018)
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1. Each Party shall adopt or maintain competition laws that promote and protect the competitive process in its markets by proscribing conducts or transactions referred to in Article 20.1.2. Each Party shall take appropriate actions with respect to those conducts or transactions with the objective of promoting an efficient functioning of the markets and consumer welfare.

2. Each Party shall establish or maintain an authority or authorities responsible for the enforcement of its competition laws.

3. Each Party shall ensure that any exemptions to the competition laws shall be stipulated in its legislation and implemented transparently.

Article 20.3. IMPLEMENTATION

1. The enforcement of competition policies by the competition authority, shall be consistent with the principles of transparency, timeliness, non-discrimination and procedural fairness.

2. Each Party shall provide persons subject to the imposition of a sanction or remedy under its competition legislation with reasonable opportunity to present evidence, to be heard and to seek judicial review of the sanction or remedy, according to the legislation of each Party.

3. Each Party shall make publicly available its competition legislation.

4. Each Party shall ensure that all final decisions finding a violation of its competition laws are provided in written form and set out any relevant factual findings and legal basis on which the decision is based, according to the legislation of each Party

Article 20.4. COOPERATION

1. The Parties recognize the importance of cooperation and coordination between their respective competition authorities to promote the effective enforcement of their competition legislation and to fulfill the objectives of this Agreement.

2. Accordingly, the Parties shall cooperate in relation to the enforcement of their respective competition legislation and policies, through mechanisms such as notification, consultation, exchange of information, and technical assistance, according to the legislation of each Party.

3. This cooperation shall not prevent the Parties from taking autonomous decisions.

Article 20.5. NOTIFICATIONS

1. Each Party, through its competition authority, shall notify to the competition authority of the other Party of an enforcement activity regarding conducts or transactions referred to in Article 20.1.2, if it considers that such enforcement activity may substantially affect important interests of the other Party.

2. Provided that it is not contrary to the Party’s competition legislation and does not affect any investigation being carried out, the notification shall take place at an early stage of the enforcement activity

Article 20.6. CONSULTATIONS

1. To foster mutual understanding, or to address specific matters that arise under this Chapter, a Party should enter into consultation upon request of the other Party without  prejudice to the autonomy of each Party to develop, maintain and enforce its competition legislation.

2. The Party to which a request for consultations has been addressed shall give full and sympathetic consideration to the concerns of the other Party.

Article 20.7. EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION AND CONFIDENTIALITY

The competition authority of a Party, upon request of the competition authority of the other Party, shall endeavor to provide non-confidential information to facilitate effective enforcement of their respective competition legislation, provided that it does not affect any ongoing investigation and is compatible with the legislation of each Party.

Article 20.8. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

1. The Parties may provide each other with technical assistance, within the available resources, in any areas they consider appropriate, including exchange of experiences, capacity building for the implementation of their competition legislation and policies, and promotion of competition culture.

2. On the date of entry into force of this Agreement, the Parties shall notify the contact point in the competition authority to whom any request of technical assistance shall be submitted.

Article 20.9. STATE ENTERPRISES AND DESIGNATED MONOPOLIES

1. Nothing in this Chapter shall be construed to prevent a Party from establishing or maintaining state enterprises and/or designated monopolies.

2. The Parties shall ensure that state enterprises and designated monopolies are subject to their respective competition legislation and do not adopt or maintain any conducts or transactions referred to in Article 20.1.2, that affect trade between the Parties, insofar as the application of this provision does not obstruct the performance, in law or in fact, of the particular tasks assigned to them.

Article 20.10. DISPUTE SETTLEMENT

Neither Party shall have recourse to Chapter 22 (Dispute Settlement) for any matter arising under this Chapter.

Article 20.11. TRANSITIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

If, at the date of entry into force of this Agreement, a Party has not yet adopted a competition law or established a competition authority, the Party shall do so within a period of two years.

Article 20.12. DEFINITIONS

For the purposes of this Chapter:

competition authority means:

(a) for Korea, the Korea Fair Trade Commission;

(b) for Costa Rica, the Commission for the Promotion of Competition (Comisión para Promover la Competencia) and Superintendence of Telecommunications (Superintendencia de Telecomunicaciones);

(c) for El Salvador, the Superintendence of Competition (Superintendencia de Competencia);

(d) for Honduras, the Commission for the Defense and Promotion of Competition (Comisión para la Defensa y Promoción de la Competencia);

(e) for Nicaragua, the National Institute for the Promotion of Competition (Instituto Nacional de Promoción de la Competencia); and

(f) for Panama, the Authority for Consumer Protection, and Competition Defense (Autoridad de Protección al Consumidor y Defensa de la Competencia), or their successors.

competition law means:

(a) for Korea, the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act;

(b) for Costa Rica, the Law for the Promotion of Competition and Effective  Consumer Protection (Ley para la Promoción de la Competencia y Defensa Efectiva del Consumidor), Law No. 7472 of December 20th, 1994; and General Telecommunications Law (Ley General de Telecomunicaciones), Law No. 8642 of June 30th, 2008;

(c) for El Salvador, the Competition Law (Ley de Competencia), approved by Legislative Decree No. 528 of November 26th, 2004;

(d) for Honduras, the Law for the Defense and Promotion of Competition (Ley para la Defensa y Promoción de la Competencia), approved by Decree No. 357-2005 of February 4th, 2006;

(e) for Nicaragua, the Law for the Promotion of Competition (Ley de Promoción de la Competencia), approved by Law No. 601 of September 28th, 2006; and

(f) for Panama, the Law that Establishes Standards for Consumers Protection and Competition Defense (Ley que Dicta Normas de Protección al Consumidor y Defensa de la Competencia), approved by the Law No. 45 of October 31th, 2007, and their implementing regulations and amendments.

Chapter 21. INSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS

Article 21.1. JOINT COMMITTEE

1. The Parties hereby establish the Joint Committee, comprising cabinet-level representatives of the Parties, as set out in Annex 21-A, or their designees.

2. The Joint Committee shall:

(a) supervise the implementation of this Agreement;

(b) supervise the work of all committees, working groups, and other bodies established under this Agreement, referred to in Annex 21-C;

(c) consider ways to further enhance trade relations between the Parties;

(d) seek to resolve disputes that may arise regarding the interpretation or application of this Agreement;

(e) assess the outcomes of the application of this Agreement;

(f) oversee the further elaboration of this Agreement;

(g) establish the amount of remuneration and expenses that will be paid to panelists; and

(h) consider any other matter that may affect the operation of this Agreement.

3. The Joint Committee may:

(a) establish and delegate responsibilities to ad hoc and standing committees, working groups, or other bodies;

(b) seek the advice of non-governmental persons or groups;

(c) make a recommendation to the Parties to consider amendments to this Agreement;

(d) issue interpretations of the provisions of this Agreement;

(e) adopt its own rules of procedure; and

(f) modify in fulfillment of the Agreement’s objectives:

(i) the Schedules to Annex 2-B (Elimination of Customs Duties) with the purposes of adding one or more goods excluded in the Schedule of a Party or accelerating the tariff reduction;

(ii) the specific rules of origin established in Annex 3-A (Product Specific Rules of Origin), any uniform regulations on origin procedures that the Parties may develop and the format of the Certificate of Origin set out in Annex 3-C (Certificate of Origin);

(iii) Annex 8-A (Coverage);

(iv) the subheadings of the goods classified as digital products fixed on a carrier medium set out in Annex 14-A (Digital Product Fixed on a Carrier Medium); and

(v) the model rules of procedure for panels and code of conduct of Chapter 22 (Dispute Settlement); and

(g) take such other action in the exercise of its functions as the Parties may agree.

4. Unless the Parties otherwise agree, the Joint Committee shall convene:

(a) in regular session every year, the Joint Committee meetings shall be chaired jointly by Korea and by one of the Republics of Central America. Unless otherwise decided by the Parties, sessions of the Joint Committee shall be held alternatively in the territory of Korea and one of the Republics of Central America; and

(b) in special session within 30 days of the request of a Party, who may request at any time, through a notice in writing to the other Parties with such sessions to be held in the territory of the other Party or at such location as the Parties may agree or by any technological means available.

5. Each Party shall treat any confidential information exchanged in relation to a meeting of the Joint Committee or any body established under this Agreement or by the Joint Committee on the same basis as the Party providing the information.

6. All decisions and recommendations of the Joint Committee and all committees, working groups, and other bodies established under this Agreement shall be taken by consensus of the Parties without prejudice to the provisions of paragraphs 9 and 10.

7. Each Party shall implement, in accordance with its applicable legal procedures, any modification referred to in paragraph 3(f) within such period as the Parties may agree.

8. When the Joint Committee adopts a decision in accordance with paragraph 3(f) in the case of bilateral affairs in accordance with paragraphs 9 and 10, the adoption, approval and implementation of this decision by the other Parties is not required.

9. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, to discuss bilateral issues of interest to Korea and one or more Republics of Central America, the Joint Committee may meet and adopt decisions when the officials of these Parties meet, provided they give sufficient advanced notice to the other Republics of Central America to enable them to participate in the meeting.

10. A decision or recommendation adopted by the Joint Committee pursuant to paragraph 9 shall take effect for the Parties who adopted the decision or recommendation.

Article 21.2. AGREEMENT COORDINATORS

1. Each Party shall appoint an Agreement Coordinator, as set out in Annex 21-D, or the person designated by the Party.

2. The coordinators shall work jointly to develop agendas and make other preparations for Joint Committee meetings and shall follow up on Joint Committee decisions or recommendations, as appropriate.

Article 21.3. CONTACT POINTS

1. Each Party shall designate a contact point by the entry into force of this Agreement to facilitate communications between the Parties on any matter covered by this Agreement. The designation of contact points is without prejudice to the specific designation of competent authorities under specific provisions of this Agreement.

2. Upon request of the other Party, a Party’s contact point shall identify the office or official responsible for the matter and assist, as necessary, in facilitating communications with the other Party.

Chapter 22. DISPUTE SETTLEMENT

Section A. Dispute Settlement

Article 22.1. COOPERATION

1. The Parties shall at all times endeavor to agree on the interpretation and application of this Agreement, and shall make every attempt through cooperation and consultations to arrive at a satisfactory resolution of any matter that might affect its operation.

2. All solutions of matters raised under this Chapter shall be consistent with this Agreement and must not impede the achievement of its objectives.

3. Solutions reached in accordance with paragraph 2 shall be notified to the Joint Committee within 15 days from the agreement of the Parties.

Article 22.2. SCOPE

1. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, this Chapter shall apply with respect to the avoidance or settlement of all disputes between the Parties regarding the interpretation or application of this Agreement or wherever a Party considers that:

(a) a measure of the other Party is inconsistent with its obligations under this Agreement;

(b) the other Party has otherwise failed to carry out its obligations under this Agreement; or

(c) a benefit the Party could reasonably have expected to accrue to it under Chapter 2 (National Treatment and Market Access for Goods), 3 (Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures), 6 (Technical Barriers to Trade), 8 (Government Procurement) or 10 (Cross-border Trade in Services) is being nullified or impaired as a result of a measure that is not inconsistent with this Agreement.

2. A Party may not invoke paragraph 1(c) with respect to any measure subject to an exception under Article 23.1 (General Exceptions).

Article 22.3. CHOICE OF FORUM

1. Where a dispute regarding any matter arises under this Agreement and under the WTO Agreement or any other trade agreement to which the Parties to the dispute are party,  the complaining Party may select the forum in which to settle the dispute.

2. Once the complaining Party has requested the establishment of a dispute settlement panel under an agreement referred to in paragraph 1, the forum selected shall be used to the exclusion of other fora.

Article 22.4. CONSULTATIONS

1. Any one or more of the Republics of Central America may request consultations with Korea and vice-versa with respect to any matter described in Article 22.2 by delivering written notification through the designated office, with copies to the other Parties. The requesting Party or Parties shall set out the reasons for the request, including identification of the measure or other matter at issue and an indication of the legal basis for the complaint. The other Party shall reply in writing within 10 days of the date of receipt of the request.

2. Consultations may be conducted in person or by technological means and shall be held within 30 days of the date of the receipt of the request and take place, unless the Parties agree otherwise, in the territory of the Party to whom the consultations were requested. The consultations shall be deemed concluded within 60 days of the date of the receipt of the request, unless the Parties agree to continue consultations. All information disclosed during the consultations shall remain confidential and without prejudice to the rights of any Party in any further proceedings.

3. Consultations on matters of urgency, including those regarding perishable or seasonal goods (1) or goods or services that rapidly lose their trade value such as certain seasonal goods or services, shall be held within 15 days of the date of the receipt of the request, and shall be deemed concluded within 20 days of the date of the receipt of the request.

4. If consultations are not held within the time frames laid down in paragraph 2 or 3 respectively, or if consultations have been concluded and no agreed solution has been reached, the requesting Party may request the intervention of the Joint Committee in accordance with Article 22.5.

5. The consulting Parties shall make every attempt to arrive at a satisfactory solution of any matter through consultations under this Article. Each Party shall:

(a) provide sufficient information in the consultations to enable a full examination of how the matter subject to consultations might affect the operation of this Agreement; and

(b) treat any confidential information exchanged in the course of consultations on the same basis as the Party providing the information.

6. In consultations under this Article, a Party may request that the other Party make available personnel of its government agencies or other regulatory bodies who have expertise in the matter at issue.

7. Consultations shall be confidential and without prejudice to the rights of any Party in any other proceedings.

(1) For greater certainty, perishable goods means perishable agricultural and fish goods classified in HS Chapters 1 through 24. Seasonal goods are goods whose imports, over a representative period, are not spread over the whole year but concentrated on specific times of the year as a result of seasonal factors.

Article 22.5. REFERRAL TO THE JOINT COMMITTEE (2)

1. If the Parties fail to resolve a matter within 60 days of the receipt of a request for consultations under Article 22.4 or 20 days where the matter concerns cases of urgency, including those concerning perishable or seasonal goods or goods or services that rapidly lose their trade value such as certain seasonal goods or services, only the consulting Party may request the intervention of the Joint Committee by delivering written notice to the other Party or Parties.

2. The requesting Party shall deliver the request to the other Party or Parties, and shall set out in the request, the reasons thereof including identification of the measure at issue and an indication of the legal and factual basis for the complaint.

3. Unless it decides otherwise, the Joint Committee shall convene within 10 days of delivery of the request and shall endeavor to resolve the dispute promptly, with the objective to arrive at a satisfactory resolution.

4. The Joint Committee may meet in person or through any other technological means available to the Parties.

5. The Joint Committee may consolidate two or more proceedings regarding the same measure or matter pursuant to this Article when it determines that it is appropriate to be considered jointly.

(2) For the purposes of this Article, the Joint Committee shall consist of representatives of the consulting Parties, as set out in Annex 21-A (Joint Committee) or of persons appointed by them.

Article 22.6. GOOD OFFICES, CONCILIATION, OR MEDIATION

1. Parties may at any time agree to voluntarily undertake an alternative method of dispute resolution such as good offices, conciliation, and mediation.

2. Proceedings that involve good offices, conciliation, and mediation, shall be confidential and without prejudice to the rights of either Party in any other proceedings.

3. Parties participating in proceedings under this Article may terminate those proceedings at any time.

4. Once procedures for good offices, conciliation, or mediation are concluded without an agreement between the Parties, the complaining Party may request the establishment of a panel.

Article 22.7. ESTABLISHMENT OF PANEL

1. The Party may deliver a written request to establish a dispute settlement panel to the other Party, provided that a matter has not been resolved in any of the following cases:

(a) when the Parties to the dispute have not settled the dispute during consultations within the 60 day period established in Article 22.4 or 20 days where the matter concerns cases of urgency, including those concerning perishable goods, or goods or services that rapidly lose their trade value such as certain seasonal goods or services, or within any other period that the Parties to the dispute may agree during consultations;

(b) 30 days after the Joint Committee has convened in respect of the matter most recently referred to it, where proceedings have been consolidated pursuant to Article 22.5;

(c) within 30 days after the receipt of the request to refer the matter to the Joint Committee or any other period agreed by the Parties to the dispute, or when the meeting has not been held pursuant to the provisions established in Article 22.5.3; or

(d) when the requesting Party that referred the matter to the Joint Committee considers, once the period indicated by the Joint Committee has expired, that the measures aimed at complying with the agreement reached pursuant to Article 22.5, were not adopted.

2. The requesting Party shall set out the reasons for the request, including identification of the measure or other matter at issue and a brief summary of the legal basis for the complaint sufficient to present the problem clearly.

3. A panel shall be established upon the date of receipt of the request referred to in paragraph 1.

4. A Party that is eligible under paragraph 1 to request the establishment of a panel may join the arbitral panel proceedings as a complaining Party on delivery of written notice to the other Parties. The notice shall be delivered at the earliest possible time, and in any event no later than seven days after the date of delivery of the request by the Party for the establishment of a panel.

5. If a Party does not join as a complaining Party in accordance with paragraph 4, it shall  refrain thereafter from initiating or continuing subparagraph (a) and (b) regarding the same matter in the absence of a significant change in economic or commercial circumstances:

(a) a dispute settlement procedure under this Agreement; or

(b) a dispute settlement proceeding under the WTO Agreement or under another free trade agreement to which it and the Party complained against are party, on grounds that are substantially equivalent to those available to it under this Agreement.

6. Unless otherwise agreed by the Parties to the dispute, the panel shall be established and perform its functions in a manner consistent with the provisions of this Chapter.

7. A panel may not be established to review a proposed measure.

8. Unless the Parties to the dispute otherwise agree, the Parties to the dispute shall apply the following procedures in selecting a panel:

(a) the panel shall be composed of three members;

(b) each Party shall appoint one panelist within 30 days after the date of receipt of the request for the establishment of a panel. If a Party fails to appoint a panelist within that period, the Parties shall meet within seven days and select a panelist by lot from among the members of the contingent list established under paragraph 10 who are nationals of that Party;

(c) a Party may exercise a peremptory challenge against any individual not on the contingent list within 14 days after the individual has been proposed as a panelist. If a Party has exercised three peremptory challenges, the other Party shall select a panelist from the contingent list;

(d) the Parties shall endeavor to agree on a third panelist who shall serve as chair;

(e) if the Parties are unable to agree on the chair within 30 days after the date on which the second panelist has been appointed, the Parties shall meet within seven days and select the chair by lot from among the members of the contingent list established under paragraph 10 who are not nationals of either Party; and (3) 

(f) a panelist shall be considered appointed to a panel when that person is proposed pursuant to subparagraph (b) and no peremptory challenge is exercised pursuant to subparagraph (c), or when that person is selected from the contingent list pursuant to this paragraph.

9. In cases where two or more Parties acting together as complaining Party or Party complained against, and there is no agreement as to the appointment of a panelist, one of them, chosen by lot, shall represent the other with respect to the procedure set out in paragraph 8(b).

10. Within 180 days of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, the Parties shall establish a contingent list of individuals who are willing and able to serve as panelists. Unless the Parties otherwise agree, the contingent list shall include three nationals of each Party and at least eight individuals who are not nationals of any of the Parties. An individual on the contingent list shall be appointed by agreement of the Parties for a minimum term of three years and shall remain on the list until the individual is replaced or is unable to serve. The Parties shall review the contingent list every three years and may replace individuals on the list as appropriate. The Parties may also appoint a replacement where a member of the contingent list is no longer available to serve.

11. If a panelist appointed under this Article becomes unable to serve on the panel, a successor shall be appointed in the same manner as prescribed for the appointment of the original panelist and the successor shall have all the powers and duties of the original panelist. In such a case, any time period applicable to the panel proceedings shall be suspended for a period beginning on the date when the original panelist becomes unable to serve and ending on the date when the new panelist is appointed.

12. Individuals appointed to a panel pursuant to paragraph 8 or to the contingent list pursuant to paragraph 10 shall:

(a) be chosen strictly on the basis of objectivity, reliability and sound judgment;

  • Chapter   1 INITIAL PROVISIONS AND GENERAL DEFINITIONS 1
  • Section   A Initial Provisions 1
  • Article   1.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF A FREE TRADE AREA 1
  • Article   1.2 OBJECTIVES 1
  • Article   1.3 RELATION TO OTHER AGREEMENTS 1
  • Article   1.4 EXTENT OF OBLIGATIONS 1
  • Article   1.5 SCOPE 1
  • Section   B General Definitions 1
  • Article   1.6 DEFINITIONS 1
  • Chapter   2 NATIONAL TREATMENT AND MARKET ACCESS FOR GOODS 1
  • Article   2.1 SCOPE 1
  • Section   A National Treatment 1
  • Article   2.2 NATIONAL TREATMENT 1
  • Section   B Elimination of Customs Duties 1
  • Article   2.3 CLASSIFICATION OF GOODS 1
  • Article   2.4 ELIMINATION OF CUSTOMS DUTIES 1
  • Section   C Special Regimes 1
  • Article   2.5 WAIVER OF CUSTOMS DUTIES 1
  • Article   2.6 TEMPORARY ADMISSION OF GOODS 1
  • Article   2.7 GOODS RE-ENTERED AFTER REPAIR OR ALTERATION 1
  • Article   2.8 DUTY-FREE ENTRY OF COMMERCIAL SAMPLES OF NEGLIGIBLE VALUE AND PRINTED ADVERTISING MATERIALS 1
  • Section   D Non-Tariff Measures 1
  • Article   2.9 IMPORT AND EXPORT RESTRICTIONS 1
  • Article   2.10 IMPORT LICENSING 2
  • Article   2.11 ADMINISTRATIVE FEES AND FORMALITIES 2
  • Article   2.12 EXPORT DUTIES, TAXES, OR OTHER CHARGES 2
  • Article   2.13 STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES 2
  • Article   2.14 TRADE RELATED NON-TARIFF MEASURES 2
  • Article   2.15 TARIFF RATE QUOTA (TRQ) ADMINISTRATION 2
  • Section   E Institutional Provisions 2
  • Article   2.16 COMMITTEE ON TRADE IN GOODS 2
  • Section   F Definitions 2
  • Article   2.17 DEFINITIONS 2
  • Chapter   3 RULES OF ORIGIN AND ORIGIN PROCEDURES 2
  • Section   A Rules of Origin 2
  • Article   3.1 ORIGINATING GOODS 2
  • Article   3.2 WHOLLY OBTAINED OR PRODUCED GOODS 2
  • Article   3.3 REGIONAL VALUE CONTENT (RVC) 2
  • Article   3.4 INTERMEDIATE MATERIALS 2
  • Article   3.5 NON-QUALIFYING OPERATIONS 2
  • Article   3.6 ACCUMULATION. 2
  • Article   3.7 DE MINIMIS 2
  • Article   3.8 FUNGIBLE GOODS OR MATERIALS 2
  • Article   3.9 SETS 2
  • Article   3.10 ACCESSORIES, SPARE PARTS, AND TOOLS 2
  • Article   3.11 PACKAGING MATERIALS AND CONTAINERS FOR RETAIL SALE 3
  • Article   3.12 PACKING MATERIALS AND CONTAINERS FOR SHIPMENT 3
  • Article   3.13 INDIRECT MATERIALS 3
  • Article   3.14 DIRECT TRANSPORT 3
  • Article   3.15 OUTWARD PROCESSING 3
  • Article   3.16 RE-EXPORTATION OF GOODS (4)  3
  • Section   B Origin Procedures 3
  • Article   3.17 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN 3
  • Article   3.18 WAIVER OF CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN 3
  • Article   3.19 VALIDITY OF CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN 3
  • Article   3.20 CLAIMS FOR PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT 3
  • Article   3.21 POST-IMPORTATION CLAIMS FOR PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT 3
  • Article   3.22 RECORD KEEPING REQUIREMENTS 3
  • Article   3.23 DISCREPANCIES AND FORMAL ERRORS 3
  • Article   3.24 VERIFICATION 3
  • Article   3.25 DENIAL OF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT 3
  • Article   3.26 UNIFORM REGULATIONS 3
  • Article   3.27 THIRD COUNTRY INVOICING 3
  • Article   3.28 DEFINITIONS 3
  • Chapter   4 CUSTOMS PROCEDURES AND TRADE FACILITATION 4
  • Article   4.1 PUBLICATION 4
  • Article   4.2 RELEASE OF GOODS 4
  • Article   4.3 AUTOMATION 4
  • Article   4.4 RISK MANAGEMENT 4
  • Article   4.5 COOPERATION 4
  • Article   4.6 AUTHORIZED ECONOMIC OPERATOR 4
  • Article   4.7 CONFIDENTIALITY 4
  • Article   4.8 EXPRESS SHIPMENTS 4
  • Article   4.9 REVIEW AND APPEAL 4
  • Article   4.10 PENALTIES 4
  • Article   4.11 ADVANCE RULINGS 4
  • Article   4.12 MUTUAL ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANCE IN CUSTOMS MATTERS 4
  • Article   4.13 COMMITTEE ON RULES OF ORIGIN AND ORIGIN PROCEDURES, AND CUSTOMS PROCEDURES AND TRADE FACILITATION 4
  • Article   4.14 TECHNICAL CONSULTATION 4
  • Chapter   5 SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES 4
  • Article   5.1 OBJECTIVES 4
  • Article   5.2 SCOPE 4
  • Article   5.3 RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS 4
  • Article   5.4 COOPERATION 4
  • Article   5.5 INFORMATION EXCHANGE 4
  • Article   5.6 COMMITTEE ON SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MATTERS 4
  • Article   5.7 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 4
  • Chapter   6 TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE 4
  • Article   6.1 OBJECTIVES 4
  • Article   6.2 GENERAL PROVISION 5
  • Article   6.3 DEFINITIONS 5
  • Article   6.4 SCOPE 5
  • Article   6.5 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS 5
  • Article   6.6 TECHNICAL REGULATIONS 5
  • Article   6.7 CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES 5
  • Article   6.8 TRANSPARENCY 5
  • Article   6.9 COOPERATION 5
  • Article   6.10 MARKING AND LABELING 5
  • Article   6.11 BORDER CONTROL AND MARKET SURVEILLANCE 5
  • Article   6.12 COMMITTEE ON TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE 5
  • Article   6.13 INFORMATION EXCHANGE 5
  • Chapter   7 TRADE REMEDIES 5
  • Section   A Safeguard Measures 5
  • Article   7.1 APPLICATION OF A BILATERAL SAFEGUARD MEASURE 5
  • Article   7.2 CONDITIONS AND LIMITATIONS 5
  • Article   7.3 PROVISIONAL MEASURES 5
  • Article   7.4 COMPENSATION 5
  • Article   7.5 PROCEDURAL RULES 5
  • Article   7.6 GLOBAL SAFEGUARD MEASURES 5
  • Section   B Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duties 5
  • Article   7.7 GENERAL PROVISIONS 5
  • Article   7.8 NOTIFICATION AND CONSULTATION 5
  • Article   7.9 (2) 5
  • Article   7.10 LESSER DUTY RULE 5
  • Article   7.11 CONSIDERATION OF PUBLIC INTERESTS 5
  • Article   7.12 HEARING 5
  • Article   7.13 INVESTIGATION AFTER TERMINATION RESULTING FROM A REVIEW 6
  • Article   7.14 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 6
  • Section   C Definitions 6
  • Article   7.15 DEFINITIONS 6
  • Chapter   8 GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT 6
  • Article   8.1 GENERAL PROVISIONS 6
  • Article   8.2 SCOPE 6
  • Article   8.3 EXCEPTIONS 6
  • Article   8.4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES 6
  • Article   8.5 PUBLICATION OF PROCUREMENT INFORMATION AND MEASURES 6
  • Article   8.6 NOTICES 6
  • Article   8.7 CONDITIONS FOR PARTICIPATION 6
  • Article   8.8 REGISTRATION AND QUALIFICATION OF SUPPLIERS 6
  • Article   8.9 TIME PERIODS 6
  • Article   8.10 INFORMATION ON INTENDED PROCUREMENTS 6
  • Article   8.11 LIMITED TENDERING 7
  • Article   8.12 ELECTRONIC AUCTIONS 7
  • Article   8.13 NEGOTIATION 7
  • Article   8.14 TREATMENT OF TENDERS AND AWARDING OF CONTRACTS 7
  • Article   8.15 POST-AWARD INFORMATION 7
  • Article   8.16 DOMESTIC REVIEW PROCEDURES 7
  • Article   8.17 MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES’ PARTICIPATION 7
  • Article   8.18 COOPERATION AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ON GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT 7
  • Article   8.19 RECTIFICATIONS AND MODIFICATIONS TO COVERAGE 7
  • Article   8.20 COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT 7
  • Article   8.21 DEFINITIONS 7
  • Chapter   9 Investment 8
  • Section   A Investment 8
  • Article   9.1 Scope 8
  • Article   9.2 RELATION TO OTHER CHAPTERS 8
  • Article   9.3 NATIONAL TREATMENT 8
  • Article   9.4 MOST-FAVORED-NATION TREATMENT (1) 8
  • Article   9.5 MINIMUM STANDARD OF TREATMENT (2) 8
  • Article   9.6 LOSSES AND COMPENSATION 8
  • Article   9.7 EXPROPRIATION AND COMPENSATION (3) 8
  • Article   9.8 TRANSFERS 8
  • Article   9.9 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 8
  • Article   9.10 SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND BOARDS OF DIRECTORS 8
  • Article   9.11 INVESTMENT AND ENVIRONMENT 8
  • Article   9.12 DENIAL OF BENEFITS 8
  • Article   9.13 NON-CONFORMING MEASURES 8
  • Article   9.14 SPECIAL FORMALITIES AND INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS 8
  • Article   9.15 SUBROGATION 8
  • Section   B Investor-State Dispute Settlement 8
  • Article   9.16 CONSULTATION AND NEGOTIATION 8
  • Article   9.17 SUBMISSION OF A CLAIM TO ARBITRATION 8
  • Article   9.18 CONSENT OF EACH PARTY TO ARBITRATION 9
  • Article   9.19 CONDITIONS AND LIMITATIONS ON CONSENT OF EACH PARTY 9
  • Article   9.20 SELECTION OF ARBITRATORS 9
  • Article   9.21 CONDUCT OF THE ARBITRATION 9
  • Article   9.22 TRANSPARENCY OF ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS 9
  • Article   9.23 GOVERNING LAW 9
  • Article   9.24 INTERPRETATION OF ANNEXES 9
  • Article   9.25 EXPERT REPORTS 9
  • Article   9.26 CONSOLIDATION 9
  • Article   9.27 AWARDS 9
  • Article   9.28 SERVICE OF DOCUMENTS 9
  • Section   C Definitions 9
  • Article   9.29 DEFINITIONS 9
  • Section   D Termination of Bilateral Investment Treaties 10
  • Article   9.30 TERMINATION OF BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES 10
  • Annex 9-A  CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 10
  • Annex 9-B  PUBLIC PURPOSE 10
  • Annex 9-C  EXPROPRIATION 10
  • Annex 9-D  SERVICE OF DOCUMENTS ON A PARTY UNDER SECTION B 10
  • Annex 9-E  TAXATION AND EXPROPRIATION 10
  • Annex 9-F  TRANSFERS 10
  • Annex 9-G  AMICUS CURIAE 10
  • Chapter   10 CROSS-BORDER TRADE IN SERVICES 10
  • Article   10.1 SCOPE 10
  • Article   10.2 NATIONAL TREATMENT 10
  • Article   10.3 MOST-FAVORED-NATION TREATMENT 10
  • Article   10.4 MOST-FAVORED-NATION TREATMENT 10
  • Article   10.5 LOCAL PRESENCE 11
  • Article   10.6 NON-CONFORMING MEASURES 11
  • Article   10.7 DOMESTIC REGULATION 11
  • Article   10.8 TRANSPARENCY IN DEVELOPING AND APPLYING REGULATIONS (3) 11
  • Article   10.9 RECOGNITION 11
  • Article   10.10 TRANSFERS AND PAYMENTS 11
  • Article   10.11 DENIAL OF BENEFITS 11
  • Article   10.12 DEFINITIONS 11
  • Chapter   11 FINANCIAL SERVICES 11
  • Article   11.1 SCOPE 11
  • Article   11.2 NATIONAL TREATMENT 11
  • Article   11.3 MOST-FAVORED-NATION TREATMENT 11
  • Article   11.4 MARKET ACCESS FOR FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS 11
  • Article   11.5 CROSS-BORDER TRADE 11
  • Article   11.6 (2) 11
  • Article   11.7 TREATMENT OF CERTAIN INFORMATION 11
  • Article   11.8 SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND BOARDS OF DIRECTORS 11
  • Article   11.9 NON-CONFORMING MEASURES 11
  • Article   11.10 EXCEPTIONS 11
  • Article   11.11 TRANSPARENCY 11
  • Article   11.12 DOMESTIC REGULATION 11
  • Article   11.13 SELF-REGULATORY ORGANIZATIONS 11
  • Article   11.14 PAYMENT AND CLEARING SYSTEMS 11
  • Article   11.15 RECOGNITION 11
  • Article   11.16 FINANCIAL SERVICES COMMITTEE 11
  • Article   11.17 CONSULTATIONS 12
  • Article   11.18 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 12
  • Article   11.19 INVESTMENT DISPUTES IN FINANCIAL SERVICES 12
  • Article   11.20 DEFINITIONS 12
  • Chapter   12 TEMPORARY ENTRY FOR BUSINESS PERSONS 12
  • Article   12.1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES 12
  • Article   12.2 GENERAL OBLIGATIONS 12
  • Article   12.3 GRANT OF TEMPORARY ENTRY 12
  • Article   12.4 PROVISION OF INFORMATION 12
  • Article   12.5 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 12
  • Article   12.6 COOPERATION 12
  • Article   12.7 WORKING GROUP 12
  • Subsection   12.8 RELATION TO OTHER CHAPTERS 12
  • Article   12.9 DEFINITIONS 12
  • Chapter   13 TELECOMMUNICATION (1) 12
  • Article   13.1 SCOPE 12
  • Article   13.2 ACCESS AND USE OF PUBLIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS AND SERVICES (2) 13
  • Article   13.3 OBLIGATIONS RELATING TO SUPPLIERS OF PUBLIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES 13
  • Article   13.4 TREATMENT BY MAJOR SUPPLIERS 13
  • Article   13.5 COMPETITIVE SAFEGUARDS 13
  • Article   13.6 RESALE 13
  • Article   13.7 UNBUNDLING OF NETWORK ELEMENTS 13
  • Article   13.8 INTERCONNECTION 13
  • Article   13.9 PROVISIONING AND PRICING OF LEASED CIRCUITS SERVICES (7) 13
  • Article   13.10 CO-LOCATION 13
  • Article   13.11 ACCESS TO POLES, DUCTS, CONDUITS, AND RIGHTS-OF-WAY (8)  13
  • Article   13.12 SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEMS 13
  • Article   13.13 CONDITIONS FOR THE SUPPLY OF INFORMATION SERVICES 13
  • Article   13.14 INDEPENDENT REGULATORY BODIES (10) 13
  • Article   13.15 UNIVERSAL SERVICE 13
  • Article   13.16 LICENSES AND OTHER AUTHORIZATIONS 13
  • Article   13.17 ALLOCATION AND USE OF SCARCE RESOURCES 13
  • Article   13.18 ENFORCEMENT 13
  • Article   13.19 RESOLUTION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS DISPUTES 13
  • Article   13.20 TRANSPARENCY 13
  • Article   13.21 MEASURES CONCERNING TECHNOLOGIES AND STANDARDS 13
  • Article   13.22 RELATION TO OTHER CHAPTERS 13
  • Article   13.23 DEFINITIONS 13
  • Chapter   14 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 14
  • Article   14.1 GENERAL 14
  • Article   14.2 ELECTRONIC SUPPLY OF SERVICES 14
  • Article   14.3 DIGITAL PRODUCTS 14
  • Article   14.4 14
  • Article   14.5 PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION 14
  • Article   14.6 PAPERLESS TRADING 14
  • Article   14.7 COOPERATION 14
  • Article   14.8 RELATION TO OTHER CHAPTERS 14
  • Article   14.9 DEFINITIONS 14
  • Chapter   15 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 14
  • Section   A General Provisions 14
  • Article   15.1 OBJECTIVES 14
  • Article   15.2 INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS 14
  • Article   15.3 MORE EXTENSIVE PROTECTION 14
  • Article   15.4 NATIONAL TREATMENT 14
  • Article   15.5 APPLICATION OF CHAPTER TO EXISTING SUBJECT MATTER AND PRIOR ACTS 14
  • Article   15.6 TRANSPARENCY 14
  • Article   15.7 GENERAL PROVISIONS 14
  • Section   B Trademarks 14
  • Article   15.8 TRADEMARKS PROTECTION 14
  • Article   15.9 EXCEPTIONS 14
  • Article   15.10 WELL-KNOWN TRADEMARKS 14
  • Article   15.11 REGISTRATION AND APPLICATION OF TRADEMARKS 14
  • Article   15.12 CLASSIFICATION OF GOODS AND SERVICES 14
  • Article   15.13 NON-RECORDATION OF A LICENSE 14
  • Section   C Patents 14
  • Article   15.14 PATENTABLE SUBJECT MATTER 14
  • Article   15.15 EXCEPTIONS 14
  • Article   15.16 GRACE PERIOD 14
  • Article   15.17 AMENDMENTS, CORRECTIONS, AND OBSERVATIONS 14
  • Article   15.18 CLAIMED INVENTION 14
  • Article   15.19 ACCELERATED EXAMINATION 15
  • Section   D Measures Related to Certain Regulated Products 15
  • Article   15.20 MEASURES RELATED TO CERTAIN REGULATED PRODUCTS 15
  • Section   E Designs 15
  • Article   15.21 DESIGNS PROTECTION 15
  • Article   15.22 EXCEPTIONS 15
  • Section   F Unfair Competition and Undisclosed Information 15
  • Article   15.23 UNFAIR COMPETITION 15
  • Article   15.24 UNDISCLOSED INFORMATION 15
  • Section   G Copyright and Related Rights 15
  • Subsection   A Copyright and Related Rights 15
  • Article   15.25 COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS 15
  • Article   15.26 RIGHT OF REPRODUCTION 15
  • Article   15.27 RIGHT OF DISTRIBUTION 15
  • Article   15.28 TERM OF PROTECTION 15
  • Article   15.29 APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 18 OF THE BERNE CONVENTION AND ARTICLE 14.6 OF THE TRIPS AGREEMENT 15
  • Article   15.30 NO FORMALITY 15
  • Article   15.31 CONTRACTUAL TRANSFERS 15
  • Article   15.32 TECHNOLOGICAL PROTECTION MEASURES 15
  • Article   15.33 RIGHTS MANAGEMENT INFORMATION 15
  • Article   15.34 LIMITATIONS AND EXCEPTIONS 15
  • Article   15.35 PROTECTION OF ENCRYPTED PROGRAM-CARRYING SATELLITE SIGNALS 15
  • Article   15.36 COLLECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS 15
  • Subsection   B Copyright 15
  • Article   15.37 RIGHT OF COMMUNICATION TO THE PUBLIC 15
  • Subsection   C Related Rights 15
  • Article   15.38 PROTECTED SUBJECT MATTER 15
  • Article   15.39 RIGHTS OF PERFORMERS 15
  • Article   15.40 RIGHT OF PHONOGRAM PRODUCERS 15
  • Article   15.41 RIGHT TO REMUNERATION OF PERFORMERS AND PHONOGRAM PRODUCERS 15
  • Article   15.42 RIGHT OF BROADCASTING ORGANIZATIONS 15
  • Article   15.43 DEFINITIONS 15
  • Section   H Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights 15
  • Subsection   A General Obligations 15
  • Article   15.44 ENFORCEMENT PRACTICES WITH RESPECT TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 15
  • Article   15.45 PRESUMPTIONS 15
  • Subsection   B Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies 15
  • Article   15.46 ENTITLED RIGHT HOLDERS 15
  • Article   15.47 DAMAGES 15
  • Article   15.48 PRE-ESTABLISHED DAMAGES 15
  • Article   15.49 LEGAL COSTS 15
  • Article   15.50 SEIZURE 15
  • Article   15.51 DESTRUCTION 15
  • Article   15.52 RIGHT OF INFORMATION 16
  • Article   15.53 CONFIDENTIALITY ORDER 16
  • Article   15.54 ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES 16
  • Article   15.55 REMEDIES 16
  • Article   15.56 PROHIBITION OF INFRINGING IMPORTS AND THEIR EXPORTATION 16
  • Article   15.57 EXPERTS’ COSTS 16
  • Article   15.58 ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION 16
  • Article   15.59 PROVISIONAL MEASURES 16
  • Subsection   C Special Requirements Related to Border Measures 16
  • Article   15.60 INFORMATION PROVIDED BY RIGHT HOLDERS TO COMPETENT AUTHORITIES 16
  • Article   15.61 INFORMATION PROVIDED BY COMPETENT AUTHORITIES TO RIGHT HOLDERS 16
  • Article   15.62 REASONABLE SECURITY OR ASSURANCE 16
  • Article   15.63 EX OFFICIO BORDER ENFORCEMENT 16
  • Article   15.64 DESTRUCTION 16
  • Article   15.65 FEES 16
  • Article   15.66 EXCHANGE OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION 16
  • Subsection   D Criminal Procedures and Remedies 16
  • Article   15.67 CRIMINAL PROCEDURES AND PENALTIES 16
  • Article   15.68 PENALTIES, SEIZURE, FORFEITURE, AND DESTRUCTION 16
  • Subsection   E Effective Action Against Infringement In the Digital Environment 16
  • Article   15.69 LIMITATIONS ON LIABILITY OF SERVICE PROVIDERS 16
  • Article   15.70 MEASURES AGAINST REPETITIVE INFRINGEMENT ON THE INTERNET 16
  • Section   I Technology Transfer and Cooperation 16
  • Article   15.71 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 16
  • Article   15.72 COOPERATION 16
  • Section   J Committee on Intellectual Property Right 16
  • Article   15.73 COMMITTEE ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 16
  • Chapter   16 LABOR 16
  • Article   16.1 CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES 16
  • Article   16.2 GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND COMMITMENTS 16
  • Article   16.3 PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES AND PUBLIC AWARENESS 16
  • Article   16.4 INSTITUTIONALARRANGEMENTS 16
  • Article   16.5 CONSULTATION 16
  • Article   16.6 COOPERATION 16
  • Chapter   17 ENVIRONMENT 16
  • Article   17.1 CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES 16
  • Article   17.2 SCOPE 17
  • Article   17.3 GENERAL PRINCIPLES 17
  • Article   17.4 SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 17
  • Article   17.5 ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS 17
  • Article   17.6 PROCEDURAL GUARANTEE 17
  • Article   17.7 TRANSPARENCY 17
  • Article   17.8 ENVIRONMENTAL COMMITTEE 17
  • Article   17.9 CONTACT POINTS 17
  • Article   17.10 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTATIONS 17
  • Article   17.11 COOPERATION 17
  • Chapter   18 TRANSPARENCY 17
  • Article   18.1 PUBLICATION 17
  • Article   18.2 NOTIFICATION AND PROVISION OF INFORMATION 17
  • Article   18.3 ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS 17
  • Article   18.4 REVIEW AND APPEAL 17
  • Article   18.5 DEFINITIONS 17
  • Chapter   19 COOPERATION 17
  • Article   19.1 SCOPE 17
  • Article   19.2 OBJECTIVE 17
  • Article   19.3 METHODS AND MODALITIES 17
  • Article   19.4 COOPERATION COMMITTEE 17
  • Article   19.5 CONTACT POINTS 17
  • Article   19.6 AREAS OF COOPERATION 17
  • Article   19.7 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 17
  • Chapter   20 COMPETITION POLICY 17
  • Article   20.1 OBJECTIVE AND PRINCIPLES 17
  • Article   20.2 COMPETITION LAW AND AUTHORITIES 18
  • Article   20.3 IMPLEMENTATION 18
  • Article   20.4 COOPERATION 18
  • Article   20.5 NOTIFICATIONS 18
  • Article   20.6 CONSULTATIONS 18
  • Article   20.7 EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION AND CONFIDENTIALITY 18
  • Article   20.8 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 18
  • Article   20.9 STATE ENTERPRISES AND DESIGNATED MONOPOLIES 18
  • Article   20.10 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 18
  • Article   20.11 TRANSITIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 18
  • Article   20.12 DEFINITIONS 18
  • Chapter   21 INSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS 18
  • Article   21.1 JOINT COMMITTEE 18
  • Article   21.2 AGREEMENT COORDINATORS 18
  • Article   21.3 CONTACT POINTS 18
  • Chapter   22 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 18
  • Section   A Dispute Settlement 18
  • Article   22.1 COOPERATION 18
  • Article   22.2 SCOPE 18
  • Article   22.3 CHOICE OF FORUM 18
  • Article   22.4 CONSULTATIONS 18
  • Article   22.5 REFERRAL TO THE JOINT COMMITTEE (2) 18
  • Article   22.6 GOOD OFFICES, CONCILIATION, OR MEDIATION 18
  • Article   22.7 ESTABLISHMENT OF PANEL 18
  • Article   22.8 MODEL RULES OF PROCEDURE 19
  • Article   22.9 THIRD PARTIES 19
  • Article   22.10 PANEL REPORT 19
  • Article   22.11 SUSPENSION AND TERMINATION OF PROCEEDINGS 19
  • Article   22.12 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FINAL REPORT 19
  • Article   22.13 NON-IMPLEMENTATION AND SUSPENSION OF BENEFITS 19
  • Article   22.14 COMPLIANCE REVIEW 19
  • Article   22.15 TIME LIMITS 19
  • Article   22.16 ADMINISTRATION OF DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEEDINGS 19
  • Section   B Domestic Proceedings and Private Commercial Dispute Settlement 19
  • Article   22.17 REFERRAL OF MATTERS FROM JUDICIAL OR ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS 19
  • Article   22.18 PRIVATE RIGHTS 19
  • Article   22.19 ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION 19
  • Chapter   23 EXCEPTIONS 19
  • Article   23.1 GENERAL EXCEPTIONS 19
  • Article   23.2 ESSENTIAL SECURITY 19
  • Article   23.3 TAXATION 19
  • Article   23.4 DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION 19
  • Article   23.5 MEASURES TO SAFEGUARD THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS 19
  • Chapter   24 FINAL PROVISIONS 19
  • Article   24.1 ANNEXES, APPENDICES, AND FOOTNOTES 19
  • Article   24.2 AMENDMENTS 19
  • Article   24.3 AMENDMENT OF THE WTO AGREEMENT 19
  • Article   24.4 ACCESSION 19
  • Article   24.5 ENTRY INTO FORCE 19
  • Article   24.6 WITHDRAWAL AND TERMINATION 19
  • Article   24.7 RESERVATIONS AND INTERPRETATIVE DECLARATIONS 19
  • Article   27.8 AUTHENTIC TEXTS 19
  • Annex I: Non-Conforming Measures of Services and Investment 19
  • Annex II: Non-Conforming Measures of Services and Investment 20