Central America Republics - Korea, Republic of FTA (2018)
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Each Party may provide an applicant with accelerated examination for the patent application in accordance with its laws and regulations.

Section D. Measures Related to Certain Regulated Products

Article 15.20. MEASURES RELATED TO CERTAIN REGULATED PRODUCTS

1. The Parties agree that undisclosed data concerning safety and efficacy that is submitted as a condition of approving the marketing of new pharmaceutical or agricultural chemical products shall be protected through the principle of national treatment.

2. By providing protection periods of at least five years (8) for pharmaceutical products and 10 years for agricultural chemical products, in their legislation, the Parties afford a satisfactory level of protection that corresponds to the relevant obligations they have entered into. 

(8) Panama shall provide and maintain the protection period in its legislation. For greater certainty, such protection period is normally five years for pharmaceutical products.

Section E. Designs

Article 15.21. DESIGNS PROTECTION

1. The Parties shall ensure in their laws adequate and effective protection of industrial designs.

2. The owner of a protected design shall have the right to prevent third parties not having the owner’s consent, at least from making, offering for sale, selling, importing, or using articles bearing or embodying the protected design when such acts are undertaken for commercial purposes.

3. The Parties may provide the legal means to prevent the use of the unregistered appearance of a product, in cases where the contested use results from copying the unregistered appearance of such product.

Article 15.22. EXCEPTIONS

Each Party may provide limited exceptions to the protection of designs, provided that such exceptions do not unreasonably conflict with the normal exploitation of protected designs and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the owner of the protected design, taking into account the legitimate interests of third parties.

Section F. Unfair Competition and Undisclosed Information

Article 15.23. UNFAIR COMPETITION

For the purposes of this Agreement, as regards to unfair competition, protection will be granted in accordance with Article 10bis of the Stockholm Act.

Article 15.24. UNDISCLOSED INFORMATION

Each Party shall ensure in its laws and regulations adequate and effective protection of undisclosed information in accordance with Article 39 of the TRIPS Agreement.

Section G. Copyright and Related Rights

Subsection A. Copyright and Related Rights

Article 15.25. COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS

The Parties shall comply with the following agreements: (9)

(a) the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1971) (hereinafter referred to as the “Berne Convention”);

(b) the International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations (1961) (hereinafter referred to as the “Rome Convention”);

(c) the WIPO Copyright Treaty (1996); and

(d) the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (1996).

(9) Article 15.25 shall apply without prejudice to the reservations that a Party has made under one or more agreements referred to in this Article.

Article 15.26. RIGHT OF REPRODUCTION

Each Party shall provide that authors, performers and producers of phonograms have the right to authorize or prohibit (10) all reproductions of their works, performances, (11) phonograms and broadcasts in any manner or form, permanent or temporary (including temporary storage in electronic form).

(10) For the purposes of this Chapter, the “right to authorize or prohibit” with respect to copyrights and related rights refers to exclusive rights.
(11) For the purposes of this Chapter, a “performance” with respect to copyrights and related rights means a performance fixed in a phonogram unless otherwise specified.

Article 15.27. RIGHT OF DISTRIBUTION

Each Party shall provide to authors, performers, and producers of phonograms the right to authorize or prohibit the making available to the public of the original and copies (12) of their works, performances, and phonograms through sale or other transfer of ownership.

(12) As used in Article 15.27, “copies” and “original and copies”, being subject to the right of distribution in this Article, refer exclusively to fixed copies that can be put into circulation as tangible objects.

Article 15.28. TERM OF PROTECTION

Each Party shall provide that, where the term of protection of a work (including a photographic work), performance, or phonogram is to be calculated:

(a) on the basis of the life of a natural person, the term shall be not less than the life of the author and 70 years after the author’s death; and

(b) on a basis other than the life of a natural person, the term shall be:

(i) not less than 70 years from the end of the calendar year of the first authorized publication of the work, performance, or phonogram; or

(ii) failing such authorized publication within 50 years from the creation of the work, performance, or phonogram, not less than 70 years from the end of the calendar year of the creation of the work, performance, or phonogram.

Article 15.29. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 18 OF THE BERNE CONVENTION AND ARTICLE 14.6 OF THE TRIPS AGREEMENT

Each Party shall apply Article 18 of the Berne Convention and Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement, mutatis mutandis, to the subject matter, rights, and obligations in this Section.

Article 15.30. NO FORMALITY

Neither Party may subject the enjoyment and exercise of the rights of authors, performers and producers of phonograms provided for in this Chapter to any formality.

Article 15.31. CONTRACTUAL TRANSFERS

Each Party shall provide that for copyright and related rights, any person acquiring or holding any economic right in a work, performance, or phonogram:

(a) may freely and separately transfer that right by contract; and

(b) by virtue of a contract, including contracts of employment underlying the creation of works, performances, and production of phonograms, shall be able to exercise that right in that person’s own name and enjoy fully the benefits derived from that right.

Article 15.32. TECHNOLOGICAL PROTECTION MEASURES

1. Each Party shall provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against the circumvention of any effective technological measures that authors, performers, and producers of phonograms use in connection with the exercise of their rights and that restrict unauthorized acts in respect of their works, performances, and phonograms.

2. Each Party shall provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against the manufacture, import, distribution, sale, rental or advertisement for sale or rental, of devices, products, or components, or the provision of services which:

(a) are promoted, advertised, or marketed, for the purpose of circumvention of;

(b) have only a limited commercially significant purpose or use, other than to circumvent of; or

(c) are primarily designed, produced, or performed, for the purpose of enabling or facilitating the circumvention of, any effective technological measure.

3. Effective technological measure means any technology, device, or component that, in the normal course of its operation, controls access to a protected work, performance, phonogram, or other protected subject matter, or protects any copyright or related rights.

4. The Parties shall confine exceptions and limitations to measures implementing paragraphs 1 and 2 to the following activities:

(a) noninfringing reverse engineering activities with regard to a lawfully obtained copy of a computer program, carried out in good faith with respect to particular elements of that computer program that have not been readily available to the person engaged in those activities, for the sole purpose of achieving interoperability of an independently created computer program with other programs;

(b) noninfringing good faith activities, carried out by an appropriately qualified researcher who has lawfully obtained a copy, unfixed performance, or display of a work, performance or phonogram, and who has made a good faith effort to obtain authorization for such activities, to the extent necessary for the sole purpose of research consisting of identifying and analyzing flaws and vulnerabilities of technologies for scrambling and descrambling of information;

(c) the inclusion of a component or part for the sole purpose of preventing the access of minors to inappropriate online content in a technology, product, service, or device that itself is not prohibited under the measures implementing paragraph 2;

(d) noninfringing good faith activities that are authorized by the owner of a computer, computer system, or computer network for the sole purpose of testing, investigating, or correcting the security of that computer, computer system, or computer network;

(e) noninfringing activities for the sole purpose of identifying and disabling a capability to carry out undisclosed collection or dissemination of personally identifying information reflecting the online activities of a natural person in a way that has no other effect on the ability of any person to gain access to any work;

(f) lawfully authorized activities carried out by government employees, agents, or contractors for the purpose of law enforcement, intelligence, essential security, or similar governmental purposes;

(g) access by a nonprofit library, archive, or educational institution to a work, performance, phonogram, or broadcast not otherwise available to it, for the sole purpose of making acquisition decisions; and

(h) noninfringing uses of a work, performance, or phonogram, in a particular class of works, performances, or phonograms when an actual or likely adverse impact on those noninfringing uses is demonstrated in a legislative or administrative proceeding, provided that any limitation or exception adopted in reliance on this clause shall have effect for a renewable period of not more than four years from the date the proceeding concludes.

Article 15.33. RIGHTS MANAGEMENT INFORMATION

In order to provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies to protect rights management information:

(a) each Party shall provide that any person who without authority, and knowing, or, with respect to civil remedies, having reasonable grounds to know, that it would induce, enable, facilitate, or conceal an infringement of any copyright or related right:

(i) knowingly removes or alters any rights management information;

(ii) distributes or imports for distribution rights management information knowing that the rights management information has been removed or altered without authority; or

(iii) distributes, imports for distribution, broadcasts, communicates or makes available to the public copies of works, performances, or phonograms knowing that rights management information has been removed or altered without authority, shall be liable and subject to the remedies set out in Article 15.55. Each Party shall provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied when any person, other than a nonprofit library, archive, educational institution, or public noncommercial broadcasting entity, is found to have engaged willfully and for the purposes of commercial advantage or private financial gain in any of the foregoing activities;

(b) each Party shall confine exceptions and limitations to measures implementing subparagraph (a) to lawfully authorized activities carried out by government employees, agents, or contractors for the purpose of law enforcement, intelligence, national defense, essential security, or similar governmental purposes;

(c) rights management information means:

(i) information that identifies a work, performance, or phonogram; the author of the work, the performer of the performance, or the producer of the phonogram; or the owner of any right in the work, performance, or phonogram;

(ii) information about the terms and conditions of the use of the work, performance, or phonogram; or

(iii) any numbers or codes that represent such information, when any of these items is attached to a copy of the work, performance, or phonogram, or appears in connection with the communication or making available of a work, performance, phonogram, or broadcast to the public; and 

(d) for greater certainty, nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to obligate a Party to require the owner of any right in the work, performance, phonogram, or broadcast to attach rights management information to copies of the work, performance, phonogram, or broadcast, or to cause rights management information to appear in connection with a communication of the work, performance, phonogram, or broadcast to the public.

Article 15.34. LIMITATIONS AND EXCEPTIONS

The Parties may, in their legislation, provide for limitations and exceptions to, the rights granted to the right holders referred to in this Section in certain special cases that do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holders.

Article 15.35. PROTECTION OF ENCRYPTED PROGRAM-CARRYING SATELLITE SIGNALS

1. Each Party shall make it a criminal offense:

(a) to manufacture, assemble, modify, import, export, sell, lease, or otherwise distribute a tangible or intangible device or system, knowing or having reason to know that the device or system is primarily of assistance in decoding an encrypted program-carrying satellite signal without the authorization of the lawful distributor of such signal; and

(b) willfully to receive and make use of, or further distribute, a programcarrying signal that originated as an encrypted satellite signal knowing that it has been decoded without the authorization of the lawful distributor of the signal, or if the signal has been decoded with the authorization of the lawful distributor of the signal, willfully to further distribute the signal for the purposes of commercial advantage knowing that the signal originated as an encrypted program-carrying signal and that such further distribution is without the authorization of the lawful signal distributor.

2. Each Party shall provide for civil remedies, including compensatory damages, for any person injured by any activity described in paragraph 1, including any person that holds an interest in the encrypted programming signal or its content.

Article 15.36. COLLECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS

The Parties recognize the importance of the performance of the collecting societies, and the establishment of arrangements between them, with the purpose of mutually ensuring easier access to and delivery of content between the territories of the Parties, and the achievement of a high level of development with regard to the execution of their tasks. In this regard, each Party shall endeavor to achieve a high level of effectiveness and to  improve transparency with respect to the execution of the task of their respective collecting societies.

Subsection B. Copyright

Article 15.37. RIGHT OF COMMUNICATION TO THE PUBLIC

Without prejudice to Articles 11(1)(ii), 11bis(1)(i) and (ii), 11ter(1)(ii), 14(1)(ii), and 14bis(1) of the Berne Convention, each Party shall provide to authors the exclusive right to authorize or prohibit the communication to the public of their works, by wire or wireless means, including the making available to the public of their works in such a way that members of the public may access these works from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

Subsection C. Related Rights

Article 15.38. PROTECTED SUBJECT MATTER

With respect to the rights accorded under this Chapter to performers, producers of phonograms, and broadcasting organizations, each Party shall accord those rights:

(a) to the performers and producers of phonograms who are nationals of the other Party;

(b) with respect to performances and phonograms that are first published or first fixed in the territory of the other Party; (13) and

(c) to broadcasting organizations if they have their headquarters on its territory and the broadcasts are transmitted from transmitters situated on the same territory.

(13) With respect to the protection of phonograms, a Party may apply the criterion of fixation instead of the criterion of publication.

Article 15.39. RIGHTS OF PERFORMERS

Each Party shall provide to performers the right to authorize or prohibit:

(a) the broadcasting and communication to the public of their unfixed performances, except where the performance is already a broadcast performance;

(b) the fixation of their unfixed performances; and

(c) making available to the public of those performances in such a way that members of the public may access them from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

Article 15.40. RIGHT OF PHONOGRAM PRODUCERS

Each Party shall provide to phonogram producers the right to authorize or prohibit the making available to the public of their phonograms in such a way that members of the public may access them from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

Article 15.41. RIGHT TO REMUNERATION OF PERFORMERS AND PHONOGRAM PRODUCERS

Performers and producers of phonograms shall enjoy the right to a single equitable remuneration for the direct or indirect use of phonograms published for commercial purposes, for broadcasting or for any communication to the public. The Parties may, in the absence of agreement between the performers and phonogram producers, lay down the conditions as to the sharing of this remuneration between both categories of right holders.

Article 15.42. RIGHT OF BROADCASTING ORGANIZATIONS

1. Each Party shall provide broadcasting organizations with the right to authorize or prohibit:

(a) the re-broadcasting of their broadcasts;

(b) the reproduction of fixations of their broadcasts; and

(c) the communication to the public of their television broadcasts if such communication is made in places accessible to the public against payment of a entrance fee. It shall be a matter for each Party’s law where protection of this right is claimed to determine the conditions under which it may be exercised.

2. Each Party shall provide that the term of protection of a broadcast shall not be less than 50 years after the taking place of the broadcast.

3. Notwithstanding Article 15.35, neither Party may permit the retransmission of television signals (whether terrestrial, cable, or satellite) on the Internet without the authorization of the right holder or right holders of the content of the signal and, if any, of the signal. (14) 

(14) For the purposes of paragraph 3 and for greater certainty, the Parties understand that retransmission within a Party’s territory over a closed, defined, subscriber network that is not accessible from outside the Party’s territory shall not constitute retransmission on the Internet.

Article 15.43. DEFINITIONS

For the purposes of Sub-Sections A and C, the following definitions shall apply with respect to performers, producers of phonograms and broadcasting organizations:

broadcasting means the transmission to the public by wireless means or satellite for public reception of sounds or sounds and images, or representations thereof, including wireless transmission of encrypted signals where the means for decrypting are provided to the public by the broadcasting organization or with its consent;

fixation means the embodiment of sounds, or of the representations thereof, from which they can be perceived, reproduced, or communicated through a device;

performers means actors, singers, musicians, dancers, and other persons who act, sing, deliver, declaim, play in, interpret, or otherwise perform literary or artistic works or expressions of folklore;

phonogram means the fixation of the sounds of a performance or of other sounds, or of a representation of sounds, other than in the form of a fixation incorporated in a cinematographic or other audiovisual work;

producer of a phonogram means the person who, or the legal entity which, takes the initiative and has the responsibility for the first fixation of the sounds of a performance or other sounds, or the representations of sounds; and

publication of a performance or a phonogram means the offering of copies of the fixed performance or the phonogram to the public, with the consent of the right holder, and provided that copies are offered to the public in reasonable quantity.

Section H. Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights

Subsection A. General Obligations

Article 15.44. ENFORCEMENT PRACTICES WITH RESPECT TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

1. Each Party shall provide that final judicial decisions and administrative rulings of general application pertaining to the enforcement of intellectual property rights be in writing and state any relevant findings of fact and the reasoning or the legal basis on which the decisions and rulings are based. Each Party shall also provide that those decisions and rulings be published (15) or, where publication is not practicable, otherwise made available to the public, in its national language in such a manner as to enable governments and right holders to become acquainted with them.

2. Each Party shall publicize information that it may collect on its efforts to provide effective enforcement of intellectual property rights in its civil, administrative, and criminal systems, including any statistical information. (16)

(15)  A Party may satisfy the publication requirement in Article 15.44 by making the decision or ruling available to the public on the Internet.
(16) For greater certainty, nothing in Article 15.44 is intended to prescribe the type, format, and method of publication of the information. 

Article 15.45. PRESUMPTIONS

In civil, administrative, and criminal proceedings involving copyright or related rights, each Party shall provide for a presumption that, in the absence of proof to the contrary, the person whose name is indicated in the usual manner is the designated right holder in such work or other subject matter. Each Party shall also provide for a presumption that, in the absence of proof to the contrary, the copyright or related right subsists in such subject matter.

Subsection B. Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies

Article 15.46. ENTITLED RIGHT HOLDERS

Each Party shall make available to right holders (17) civil judicial procedures concerning the enforcement of any intellectual property right.

(17) For the purposes of this Article, “right holder” includes a federation or an association having the legal standing and authority to assert such rights, and also includes a person that exclusively has any one or more of the intellectual property rights encompassed in a given intellectual property. 

Article 15.47. DAMAGES

Each Party shall provide that:

(a) in civil judicial proceedings, its judicial authorities shall have the authority to order the infringer to pay the right holder:

(i) damages adequate to compensate for the injury the right holder has suffered as a result of the infringement; or

(ii) at least in the case of copyright or related rights infringement and trademark counterfeiting, the profits of the infringer that are attributable to the infringement, which may be presumed to be the amount of damages referred to in sub-subparagraph (i); and

(b) in determining damages for infringement of intellectual property rights, its judicial authorities shall consider, inter alia, the value of the infringed good or service, measured by the suggested retail price, or other legitimate measure of value submitted by the right holder.

Article 15.48. PRE-ESTABLISHED DAMAGES

In civil judicial proceedings, each Party, at least with respect to works, phonograms, and performances protected by copyright or related rights, and in cases of trademark counterfeiting, may establish or maintain pre-established damages, which shall be available on the election of the right holder.

Article 15.49. LEGAL COSTS

Each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities, except in exceptional circumstances, shall have the authority to order, at the conclusion of civil judicial proceedings concerning copyright or related rights infringement, or trademark infringement, that the prevailing party shall be awarded payment by the losing party of court costs or fees and, at least in proceedings concerning copyright or related rights infringement or trademark counterfeiting, reasonable attorney’s fees. Further, each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities, at least in exceptional circumstances, shall have the authority to order, at the conclusion of civil judicial proceedings concerning patent infringement, that the prevailing party shall be awarded payment by the losing party of reasonable attorney’s fees.

Article 15.50. SEIZURE

In civil judicial proceedings concerning copyright or related rights infringement and trademark counterfeiting, each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities shall have the authority to order the seizure of allegedly infringing goods, materials, and implements relevant to the act of infringement, and, at least for trademark counterfeiting, documentary evidence relevant to the infringement.

Article 15.51. DESTRUCTION

Each Party shall provide that:

(a) its judicial authorities shall have the authority to order, at their discretion or, at the right holder’s request, the destruction of the goods that have been found to be pirated or counterfeit;

(b) its judicial authorities shall have the authority to order that materials and implements that have been used in the manufacture or creation of such pirated or counterfeit goods be, without compensation of any sort, promptly destroyed or, in exceptional circumstances, without compensation of any sort, disposed of outside the channels of commerce in such a manner as to minimize the risks of further infringements; and  

(c) in regard to counterfeit trademarked goods, the simple removal of the trademark unlawfully affixed shall not be sufficient to permit the release of goods into the channels of commerce

  • Chapter   1 INITIAL PROVISIONS AND GENERAL DEFINITIONS 1
  • Section   A Initial Provisions 1
  • Article   1.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF A FREE TRADE AREA 1
  • Article   1.2 OBJECTIVES 1
  • Article   1.3 RELATION TO OTHER AGREEMENTS 1
  • Article   1.4 EXTENT OF OBLIGATIONS 1
  • Article   1.5 SCOPE 1
  • Section   B General Definitions 1
  • Article   1.6 DEFINITIONS 1
  • Chapter   2 NATIONAL TREATMENT AND MARKET ACCESS FOR GOODS 1
  • Article   2.1 SCOPE 1
  • Section   A National Treatment 1
  • Article   2.2 NATIONAL TREATMENT 1
  • Section   B Elimination of Customs Duties 1
  • Article   2.3 CLASSIFICATION OF GOODS 1
  • Article   2.4 ELIMINATION OF CUSTOMS DUTIES 1
  • Section   C Special Regimes 1
  • Article   2.5 WAIVER OF CUSTOMS DUTIES 1
  • Article   2.6 TEMPORARY ADMISSION OF GOODS 1
  • Article   2.7 GOODS RE-ENTERED AFTER REPAIR OR ALTERATION 1
  • Article   2.8 DUTY-FREE ENTRY OF COMMERCIAL SAMPLES OF NEGLIGIBLE VALUE AND PRINTED ADVERTISING MATERIALS 1
  • Section   D Non-Tariff Measures 1
  • Article   2.9 IMPORT AND EXPORT RESTRICTIONS 1
  • Article   2.10 IMPORT LICENSING 2
  • Article   2.11 ADMINISTRATIVE FEES AND FORMALITIES 2
  • Article   2.12 EXPORT DUTIES, TAXES, OR OTHER CHARGES 2
  • Article   2.13 STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES 2
  • Article   2.14 TRADE RELATED NON-TARIFF MEASURES 2
  • Article   2.15 TARIFF RATE QUOTA (TRQ) ADMINISTRATION 2
  • Section   E Institutional Provisions 2
  • Article   2.16 COMMITTEE ON TRADE IN GOODS 2
  • Section   F Definitions 2
  • Article   2.17 DEFINITIONS 2
  • Chapter   3 RULES OF ORIGIN AND ORIGIN PROCEDURES 2
  • Section   A Rules of Origin 2
  • Article   3.1 ORIGINATING GOODS 2
  • Article   3.2 WHOLLY OBTAINED OR PRODUCED GOODS 2
  • Article   3.3 REGIONAL VALUE CONTENT (RVC) 2
  • Article   3.4 INTERMEDIATE MATERIALS 2
  • Article   3.5 NON-QUALIFYING OPERATIONS 2
  • Article   3.6 ACCUMULATION. 2
  • Article   3.7 DE MINIMIS 2
  • Article   3.8 FUNGIBLE GOODS OR MATERIALS 2
  • Article   3.9 SETS 2
  • Article   3.10 ACCESSORIES, SPARE PARTS, AND TOOLS 2
  • Article   3.11 PACKAGING MATERIALS AND CONTAINERS FOR RETAIL SALE 3
  • Article   3.12 PACKING MATERIALS AND CONTAINERS FOR SHIPMENT 3
  • Article   3.13 INDIRECT MATERIALS 3
  • Article   3.14 DIRECT TRANSPORT 3
  • Article   3.15 OUTWARD PROCESSING 3
  • Article   3.16 RE-EXPORTATION OF GOODS (4)  3
  • Section   B Origin Procedures 3
  • Article   3.17 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN 3
  • Article   3.18 WAIVER OF CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN 3
  • Article   3.19 VALIDITY OF CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN 3
  • Article   3.20 CLAIMS FOR PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT 3
  • Article   3.21 POST-IMPORTATION CLAIMS FOR PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT 3
  • Article   3.22 RECORD KEEPING REQUIREMENTS 3
  • Article   3.23 DISCREPANCIES AND FORMAL ERRORS 3
  • Article   3.24 VERIFICATION 3
  • Article   3.25 DENIAL OF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT 3
  • Article   3.26 UNIFORM REGULATIONS 3
  • Article   3.27 THIRD COUNTRY INVOICING 3
  • Article   3.28 DEFINITIONS 3
  • Chapter   4 CUSTOMS PROCEDURES AND TRADE FACILITATION 4
  • Article   4.1 PUBLICATION 4
  • Article   4.2 RELEASE OF GOODS 4
  • Article   4.3 AUTOMATION 4
  • Article   4.4 RISK MANAGEMENT 4
  • Article   4.5 COOPERATION 4
  • Article   4.6 AUTHORIZED ECONOMIC OPERATOR 4
  • Article   4.7 CONFIDENTIALITY 4
  • Article   4.8 EXPRESS SHIPMENTS 4
  • Article   4.9 REVIEW AND APPEAL 4
  • Article   4.10 PENALTIES 4
  • Article   4.11 ADVANCE RULINGS 4
  • Article   4.12 MUTUAL ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANCE IN CUSTOMS MATTERS 4
  • Article   4.13 COMMITTEE ON RULES OF ORIGIN AND ORIGIN PROCEDURES, AND CUSTOMS PROCEDURES AND TRADE FACILITATION 4
  • Article   4.14 TECHNICAL CONSULTATION 4
  • Chapter   5 SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES 4
  • Article   5.1 OBJECTIVES 4
  • Article   5.2 SCOPE 4
  • Article   5.3 RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS 4
  • Article   5.4 COOPERATION 4
  • Article   5.5 INFORMATION EXCHANGE 4
  • Article   5.6 COMMITTEE ON SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MATTERS 4
  • Article   5.7 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 4
  • Chapter   6 TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE 4
  • Article   6.1 OBJECTIVES 4
  • Article   6.2 GENERAL PROVISION 5
  • Article   6.3 DEFINITIONS 5
  • Article   6.4 SCOPE 5
  • Article   6.5 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS 5
  • Article   6.6 TECHNICAL REGULATIONS 5
  • Article   6.7 CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES 5
  • Article   6.8 TRANSPARENCY 5
  • Article   6.9 COOPERATION 5
  • Article   6.10 MARKING AND LABELING 5
  • Article   6.11 BORDER CONTROL AND MARKET SURVEILLANCE 5
  • Article   6.12 COMMITTEE ON TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE 5
  • Article   6.13 INFORMATION EXCHANGE 5
  • Chapter   7 TRADE REMEDIES 5
  • Section   A Safeguard Measures 5
  • Article   7.1 APPLICATION OF A BILATERAL SAFEGUARD MEASURE 5
  • Article   7.2 CONDITIONS AND LIMITATIONS 5
  • Article   7.3 PROVISIONAL MEASURES 5
  • Article   7.4 COMPENSATION 5
  • Article   7.5 PROCEDURAL RULES 5
  • Article   7.6 GLOBAL SAFEGUARD MEASURES 5
  • Section   B Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duties 5
  • Article   7.7 GENERAL PROVISIONS 5
  • Article   7.8 NOTIFICATION AND CONSULTATION 5
  • Article   7.9 (2) 5
  • Article   7.10 LESSER DUTY RULE 5
  • Article   7.11 CONSIDERATION OF PUBLIC INTERESTS 5
  • Article   7.12 HEARING 5
  • Article   7.13 INVESTIGATION AFTER TERMINATION RESULTING FROM A REVIEW 6
  • Article   7.14 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 6
  • Section   C Definitions 6
  • Article   7.15 DEFINITIONS 6
  • Chapter   8 GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT 6
  • Article   8.1 GENERAL PROVISIONS 6
  • Article   8.2 SCOPE 6
  • Article   8.3 EXCEPTIONS 6
  • Article   8.4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES 6
  • Article   8.5 PUBLICATION OF PROCUREMENT INFORMATION AND MEASURES 6
  • Article   8.6 NOTICES 6
  • Article   8.7 CONDITIONS FOR PARTICIPATION 6
  • Article   8.8 REGISTRATION AND QUALIFICATION OF SUPPLIERS 6
  • Article   8.9 TIME PERIODS 6
  • Article   8.10 INFORMATION ON INTENDED PROCUREMENTS 6
  • Article   8.11 LIMITED TENDERING 7
  • Article   8.12 ELECTRONIC AUCTIONS 7
  • Article   8.13 NEGOTIATION 7
  • Article   8.14 TREATMENT OF TENDERS AND AWARDING OF CONTRACTS 7
  • Article   8.15 POST-AWARD INFORMATION 7
  • Article   8.16 DOMESTIC REVIEW PROCEDURES 7
  • Article   8.17 MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES’ PARTICIPATION 7
  • Article   8.18 COOPERATION AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ON GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT 7
  • Article   8.19 RECTIFICATIONS AND MODIFICATIONS TO COVERAGE 7
  • Article   8.20 COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT 7
  • Article   8.21 DEFINITIONS 7
  • Chapter   9 Investment 8
  • Section   A Investment 8
  • Article   9.1 Scope 8
  • Article   9.2 RELATION TO OTHER CHAPTERS 8
  • Article   9.3 NATIONAL TREATMENT 8
  • Article   9.4 MOST-FAVORED-NATION TREATMENT (1) 8
  • Article   9.5 MINIMUM STANDARD OF TREATMENT (2) 8
  • Article   9.6 LOSSES AND COMPENSATION 8
  • Article   9.7 EXPROPRIATION AND COMPENSATION (3) 8
  • Article   9.8 TRANSFERS 8
  • Article   9.9 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 8
  • Article   9.10 SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND BOARDS OF DIRECTORS 8
  • Article   9.11 INVESTMENT AND ENVIRONMENT 8
  • Article   9.12 DENIAL OF BENEFITS 8
  • Article   9.13 NON-CONFORMING MEASURES 8
  • Article   9.14 SPECIAL FORMALITIES AND INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS 8
  • Article   9.15 SUBROGATION 8
  • Section   B Investor-State Dispute Settlement 8
  • Article   9.16 CONSULTATION AND NEGOTIATION 8
  • Article   9.17 SUBMISSION OF A CLAIM TO ARBITRATION 8
  • Article   9.18 CONSENT OF EACH PARTY TO ARBITRATION 9
  • Article   9.19 CONDITIONS AND LIMITATIONS ON CONSENT OF EACH PARTY 9
  • Article   9.20 SELECTION OF ARBITRATORS 9
  • Article   9.21 CONDUCT OF THE ARBITRATION 9
  • Article   9.22 TRANSPARENCY OF ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS 9
  • Article   9.23 GOVERNING LAW 9
  • Article   9.24 INTERPRETATION OF ANNEXES 9
  • Article   9.25 EXPERT REPORTS 9
  • Article   9.26 CONSOLIDATION 9
  • Article   9.27 AWARDS 9
  • Article   9.28 SERVICE OF DOCUMENTS 9
  • Section   C Definitions 9
  • Article   9.29 DEFINITIONS 9
  • Section   D Termination of Bilateral Investment Treaties 10
  • Article   9.30 TERMINATION OF BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES 10
  • Annex 9-A  CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 10
  • Annex 9-B  PUBLIC PURPOSE 10
  • Annex 9-C  EXPROPRIATION 10
  • Annex 9-D  SERVICE OF DOCUMENTS ON A PARTY UNDER SECTION B 10
  • Annex 9-E  TAXATION AND EXPROPRIATION 10
  • Annex 9-F  TRANSFERS 10
  • Annex 9-G  AMICUS CURIAE 10
  • Chapter   10 CROSS-BORDER TRADE IN SERVICES 10
  • Article   10.1 SCOPE 10
  • Article   10.2 NATIONAL TREATMENT 10
  • Article   10.3 MOST-FAVORED-NATION TREATMENT 10
  • Article   10.4 MOST-FAVORED-NATION TREATMENT 10
  • Article   10.5 LOCAL PRESENCE 11
  • Article   10.6 NON-CONFORMING MEASURES 11
  • Article   10.7 DOMESTIC REGULATION 11
  • Article   10.8 TRANSPARENCY IN DEVELOPING AND APPLYING REGULATIONS (3) 11
  • Article   10.9 RECOGNITION 11
  • Article   10.10 TRANSFERS AND PAYMENTS 11
  • Article   10.11 DENIAL OF BENEFITS 11
  • Article   10.12 DEFINITIONS 11
  • Chapter   11 FINANCIAL SERVICES 11
  • Article   11.1 SCOPE 11
  • Article   11.2 NATIONAL TREATMENT 11
  • Article   11.3 MOST-FAVORED-NATION TREATMENT 11
  • Article   11.4 MARKET ACCESS FOR FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS 11
  • Article   11.5 CROSS-BORDER TRADE 11
  • Article   11.6 (2) 11
  • Article   11.7 TREATMENT OF CERTAIN INFORMATION 11
  • Article   11.8 SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND BOARDS OF DIRECTORS 11
  • Article   11.9 NON-CONFORMING MEASURES 11
  • Article   11.10 EXCEPTIONS 11
  • Article   11.11 TRANSPARENCY 11
  • Article   11.12 DOMESTIC REGULATION 11
  • Article   11.13 SELF-REGULATORY ORGANIZATIONS 11
  • Article   11.14 PAYMENT AND CLEARING SYSTEMS 11
  • Article   11.15 RECOGNITION 11
  • Article   11.16 FINANCIAL SERVICES COMMITTEE 11
  • Article   11.17 CONSULTATIONS 12
  • Article   11.18 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 12
  • Article   11.19 INVESTMENT DISPUTES IN FINANCIAL SERVICES 12
  • Article   11.20 DEFINITIONS 12
  • Chapter   12 TEMPORARY ENTRY FOR BUSINESS PERSONS 12
  • Article   12.1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES 12
  • Article   12.2 GENERAL OBLIGATIONS 12
  • Article   12.3 GRANT OF TEMPORARY ENTRY 12
  • Article   12.4 PROVISION OF INFORMATION 12
  • Article   12.5 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 12
  • Article   12.6 COOPERATION 12
  • Article   12.7 WORKING GROUP 12
  • Subsection   12.8 RELATION TO OTHER CHAPTERS 12
  • Article   12.9 DEFINITIONS 12
  • Chapter   13 TELECOMMUNICATION (1) 12
  • Article   13.1 SCOPE 12
  • Article   13.2 ACCESS AND USE OF PUBLIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS AND SERVICES (2) 13
  • Article   13.3 OBLIGATIONS RELATING TO SUPPLIERS OF PUBLIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES 13
  • Article   13.4 TREATMENT BY MAJOR SUPPLIERS 13
  • Article   13.5 COMPETITIVE SAFEGUARDS 13
  • Article   13.6 RESALE 13
  • Article   13.7 UNBUNDLING OF NETWORK ELEMENTS 13
  • Article   13.8 INTERCONNECTION 13
  • Article   13.9 PROVISIONING AND PRICING OF LEASED CIRCUITS SERVICES (7) 13
  • Article   13.10 CO-LOCATION 13
  • Article   13.11 ACCESS TO POLES, DUCTS, CONDUITS, AND RIGHTS-OF-WAY (8)  13
  • Article   13.12 SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEMS 13
  • Article   13.13 CONDITIONS FOR THE SUPPLY OF INFORMATION SERVICES 13
  • Article   13.14 INDEPENDENT REGULATORY BODIES (10) 13
  • Article   13.15 UNIVERSAL SERVICE 13
  • Article   13.16 LICENSES AND OTHER AUTHORIZATIONS 13
  • Article   13.17 ALLOCATION AND USE OF SCARCE RESOURCES 13
  • Article   13.18 ENFORCEMENT 13
  • Article   13.19 RESOLUTION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS DISPUTES 13
  • Article   13.20 TRANSPARENCY 13
  • Article   13.21 MEASURES CONCERNING TECHNOLOGIES AND STANDARDS 13
  • Article   13.22 RELATION TO OTHER CHAPTERS 13
  • Article   13.23 DEFINITIONS 13
  • Chapter   14 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 14
  • Article   14.1 GENERAL 14
  • Article   14.2 ELECTRONIC SUPPLY OF SERVICES 14
  • Article   14.3 DIGITAL PRODUCTS 14
  • Article   14.4 14
  • Article   14.5 PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION 14
  • Article   14.6 PAPERLESS TRADING 14
  • Article   14.7 COOPERATION 14
  • Article   14.8 RELATION TO OTHER CHAPTERS 14
  • Article   14.9 DEFINITIONS 14
  • Chapter   15 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 14
  • Section   A General Provisions 14
  • Article   15.1 OBJECTIVES 14
  • Article   15.2 INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS 14
  • Article   15.3 MORE EXTENSIVE PROTECTION 14
  • Article   15.4 NATIONAL TREATMENT 14
  • Article   15.5 APPLICATION OF CHAPTER TO EXISTING SUBJECT MATTER AND PRIOR ACTS 14
  • Article   15.6 TRANSPARENCY 14
  • Article   15.7 GENERAL PROVISIONS 14
  • Section   B Trademarks 14
  • Article   15.8 TRADEMARKS PROTECTION 14
  • Article   15.9 EXCEPTIONS 14
  • Article   15.10 WELL-KNOWN TRADEMARKS 14
  • Article   15.11 REGISTRATION AND APPLICATION OF TRADEMARKS 14
  • Article   15.12 CLASSIFICATION OF GOODS AND SERVICES 14
  • Article   15.13 NON-RECORDATION OF A LICENSE 14
  • Section   C Patents 14
  • Article   15.14 PATENTABLE SUBJECT MATTER 14
  • Article   15.15 EXCEPTIONS 14
  • Article   15.16 GRACE PERIOD 14
  • Article   15.17 AMENDMENTS, CORRECTIONS, AND OBSERVATIONS 14
  • Article   15.18 CLAIMED INVENTION 14
  • Article   15.19 ACCELERATED EXAMINATION 15
  • Section   D Measures Related to Certain Regulated Products 15
  • Article   15.20 MEASURES RELATED TO CERTAIN REGULATED PRODUCTS 15
  • Section   E Designs 15
  • Article   15.21 DESIGNS PROTECTION 15
  • Article   15.22 EXCEPTIONS 15
  • Section   F Unfair Competition and Undisclosed Information 15
  • Article   15.23 UNFAIR COMPETITION 15
  • Article   15.24 UNDISCLOSED INFORMATION 15
  • Section   G Copyright and Related Rights 15
  • Subsection   A Copyright and Related Rights 15
  • Article   15.25 COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS 15
  • Article   15.26 RIGHT OF REPRODUCTION 15
  • Article   15.27 RIGHT OF DISTRIBUTION 15
  • Article   15.28 TERM OF PROTECTION 15
  • Article   15.29 APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 18 OF THE BERNE CONVENTION AND ARTICLE 14.6 OF THE TRIPS AGREEMENT 15
  • Article   15.30 NO FORMALITY 15
  • Article   15.31 CONTRACTUAL TRANSFERS 15
  • Article   15.32 TECHNOLOGICAL PROTECTION MEASURES 15
  • Article   15.33 RIGHTS MANAGEMENT INFORMATION 15
  • Article   15.34 LIMITATIONS AND EXCEPTIONS 15
  • Article   15.35 PROTECTION OF ENCRYPTED PROGRAM-CARRYING SATELLITE SIGNALS 15
  • Article   15.36 COLLECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS 15
  • Subsection   B Copyright 15
  • Article   15.37 RIGHT OF COMMUNICATION TO THE PUBLIC 15
  • Subsection   C Related Rights 15
  • Article   15.38 PROTECTED SUBJECT MATTER 15
  • Article   15.39 RIGHTS OF PERFORMERS 15
  • Article   15.40 RIGHT OF PHONOGRAM PRODUCERS 15
  • Article   15.41 RIGHT TO REMUNERATION OF PERFORMERS AND PHONOGRAM PRODUCERS 15
  • Article   15.42 RIGHT OF BROADCASTING ORGANIZATIONS 15
  • Article   15.43 DEFINITIONS 15
  • Section   H Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights 15
  • Subsection   A General Obligations 15
  • Article   15.44 ENFORCEMENT PRACTICES WITH RESPECT TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 15
  • Article   15.45 PRESUMPTIONS 15
  • Subsection   B Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies 15
  • Article   15.46 ENTITLED RIGHT HOLDERS 15
  • Article   15.47 DAMAGES 15
  • Article   15.48 PRE-ESTABLISHED DAMAGES 15
  • Article   15.49 LEGAL COSTS 15
  • Article   15.50 SEIZURE 15
  • Article   15.51 DESTRUCTION 15
  • Article   15.52 RIGHT OF INFORMATION 16
  • Article   15.53 CONFIDENTIALITY ORDER 16
  • Article   15.54 ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES 16
  • Article   15.55 REMEDIES 16
  • Article   15.56 PROHIBITION OF INFRINGING IMPORTS AND THEIR EXPORTATION 16
  • Article   15.57 EXPERTS’ COSTS 16
  • Article   15.58 ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION 16
  • Article   15.59 PROVISIONAL MEASURES 16
  • Subsection   C Special Requirements Related to Border Measures 16
  • Article   15.60 INFORMATION PROVIDED BY RIGHT HOLDERS TO COMPETENT AUTHORITIES 16
  • Article   15.61 INFORMATION PROVIDED BY COMPETENT AUTHORITIES TO RIGHT HOLDERS 16
  • Article   15.62 REASONABLE SECURITY OR ASSURANCE 16
  • Article   15.63 EX OFFICIO BORDER ENFORCEMENT 16
  • Article   15.64 DESTRUCTION 16
  • Article   15.65 FEES 16
  • Article   15.66 EXCHANGE OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION 16
  • Subsection   D Criminal Procedures and Remedies 16
  • Article   15.67 CRIMINAL PROCEDURES AND PENALTIES 16
  • Article   15.68 PENALTIES, SEIZURE, FORFEITURE, AND DESTRUCTION 16
  • Subsection   E Effective Action Against Infringement In the Digital Environment 16
  • Article   15.69 LIMITATIONS ON LIABILITY OF SERVICE PROVIDERS 16
  • Article   15.70 MEASURES AGAINST REPETITIVE INFRINGEMENT ON THE INTERNET 16
  • Section   I Technology Transfer and Cooperation 16
  • Article   15.71 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 16
  • Article   15.72 COOPERATION 16
  • Section   J Committee on Intellectual Property Right 16
  • Article   15.73 COMMITTEE ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 16
  • Chapter   16 LABOR 16
  • Article   16.1 CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES 16
  • Article   16.2 GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND COMMITMENTS 16
  • Article   16.3 PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES AND PUBLIC AWARENESS 16
  • Article   16.4 INSTITUTIONALARRANGEMENTS 16
  • Article   16.5 CONSULTATION 16
  • Article   16.6 COOPERATION 16
  • Chapter   17 ENVIRONMENT 16
  • Article   17.1 CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES 16
  • Article   17.2 SCOPE 17
  • Article   17.3 GENERAL PRINCIPLES 17
  • Article   17.4 SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 17
  • Article   17.5 ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS 17
  • Article   17.6 PROCEDURAL GUARANTEE 17
  • Article   17.7 TRANSPARENCY 17
  • Article   17.8 ENVIRONMENTAL COMMITTEE 17
  • Article   17.9 CONTACT POINTS 17
  • Article   17.10 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTATIONS 17
  • Article   17.11 COOPERATION 17
  • Chapter   18 TRANSPARENCY 17
  • Article   18.1 PUBLICATION 17
  • Article   18.2 NOTIFICATION AND PROVISION OF INFORMATION 17
  • Article   18.3 ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS 17
  • Article   18.4 REVIEW AND APPEAL 17
  • Article   18.5 DEFINITIONS 17
  • Chapter   19 COOPERATION 17
  • Article   19.1 SCOPE 17
  • Article   19.2 OBJECTIVE 17
  • Article   19.3 METHODS AND MODALITIES 17
  • Article   19.4 COOPERATION COMMITTEE 17
  • Article   19.5 CONTACT POINTS 17
  • Article   19.6 AREAS OF COOPERATION 17
  • Article   19.7 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 17
  • Chapter   20 COMPETITION POLICY 17
  • Article   20.1 OBJECTIVE AND PRINCIPLES 17
  • Article   20.2 COMPETITION LAW AND AUTHORITIES 18
  • Article   20.3 IMPLEMENTATION 18
  • Article   20.4 COOPERATION 18
  • Article   20.5 NOTIFICATIONS 18
  • Article   20.6 CONSULTATIONS 18
  • Article   20.7 EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION AND CONFIDENTIALITY 18
  • Article   20.8 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 18
  • Article   20.9 STATE ENTERPRISES AND DESIGNATED MONOPOLIES 18
  • Article   20.10 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 18
  • Article   20.11 TRANSITIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 18
  • Article   20.12 DEFINITIONS 18
  • Chapter   21 INSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS 18
  • Article   21.1 JOINT COMMITTEE 18
  • Article   21.2 AGREEMENT COORDINATORS 18
  • Article   21.3 CONTACT POINTS 18
  • Chapter   22 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 18
  • Section   A Dispute Settlement 18
  • Article   22.1 COOPERATION 18
  • Article   22.2 SCOPE 18
  • Article   22.3 CHOICE OF FORUM 18
  • Article   22.4 CONSULTATIONS 18
  • Article   22.5 REFERRAL TO THE JOINT COMMITTEE (2) 18
  • Article   22.6 GOOD OFFICES, CONCILIATION, OR MEDIATION 18
  • Article   22.7 ESTABLISHMENT OF PANEL 18
  • Article   22.8 MODEL RULES OF PROCEDURE 19
  • Article   22.9 THIRD PARTIES 19
  • Article   22.10 PANEL REPORT 19
  • Article   22.11 SUSPENSION AND TERMINATION OF PROCEEDINGS 19
  • Article   22.12 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FINAL REPORT 19
  • Article   22.13 NON-IMPLEMENTATION AND SUSPENSION OF BENEFITS 19
  • Article   22.14 COMPLIANCE REVIEW 19
  • Article   22.15 TIME LIMITS 19
  • Article   22.16 ADMINISTRATION OF DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEEDINGS 19
  • Section   B Domestic Proceedings and Private Commercial Dispute Settlement 19
  • Article   22.17 REFERRAL OF MATTERS FROM JUDICIAL OR ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS 19
  • Article   22.18 PRIVATE RIGHTS 19
  • Article   22.19 ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION 19
  • Chapter   23 EXCEPTIONS 19
  • Article   23.1 GENERAL EXCEPTIONS 19
  • Article   23.2 ESSENTIAL SECURITY 19
  • Article   23.3 TAXATION 19
  • Article   23.4 DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION 19
  • Article   23.5 MEASURES TO SAFEGUARD THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS 19
  • Chapter   24 FINAL PROVISIONS 19
  • Article   24.1 ANNEXES, APPENDICES, AND FOOTNOTES 19
  • Article   24.2 AMENDMENTS 19
  • Article   24.3 AMENDMENT OF THE WTO AGREEMENT 19
  • Article   24.4 ACCESSION 19
  • Article   24.5 ENTRY INTO FORCE 19
  • Article   24.6 WITHDRAWAL AND TERMINATION 19
  • Article   24.7 RESERVATIONS AND INTERPRETATIVE DECLARATIONS 19
  • Article   27.8 AUTHENTIC TEXTS 19
  • Annex I: Non-Conforming Measures of Services and Investment 19
  • Annex II: Non-Conforming Measures of Services and Investment 20