United States - Mexico - Canada Agreement (USMCA) (2018)
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4. Notwithstanding Article 31.19 (Non-Implementation - Suspension of Benefits), when a panel's determination is that a Party's measure is inconsistent with this Agreement and the measure affects:

(a) only a sector other than the financial services sector, the complaining Party may not suspend benefits in the financial services sector; or

(b) the financial services sector and another sector, the complaining Party may not suspend benefits in the financial services sector that have an effect that exceeds the effect of the measure in the complaining Party's financial services sector.

ANNEX 17-A. CROSS-BORDER TRADE

Canada (11)

Insurance and Insurance-Related Services

1, Articles 17.3.3 (National Treatment) and 17.5.1 (Market Access) apply to the cross-border supply of or trade in financial services, as defined in subparagraph (a) of the definition of "cross- border supply of financial services" in Article 17.1 (Definitions), with respect to:

(a) insurance of risks relating to:

(I) maritime transport and commercial aviation and space launching and freight (including satellites), with such insurance to cover any or all of the following: the goods being transported, the vehicle transporting the goods, and any liability deriving therefrom, and

(ii) goods in international transit;

(b) Reinsurance and retrocession;

(c) services auxiliary to insurance as described in subparagraph (d) of the definition of "financial service" in Article 17.1 (Definitions); and

(d) insurance intermediation such as brokerage and agency, as referred to in subparagraph (c) of the definition of "financial service" in Article 17.1 (Definitions) of insurance of risks related to services listed in subparagraphs (a) and (b) of this paragraph.

Banking and Other Financial Services (excluding insurance)

2. Articles 17.3.3 (National Treatment) and 17.5.1 (Market Access) apply to the cross-border supply of or trade in financial services, as defined in subparagraphs (a) of the definition of "cross-border supply of financial services" in Article 17.1 (Definitions), with respect to:

(a) the provision and transfer of financial information and financial data processing as described in subparagraph (O) of the definition of "financial service" in Article 17.1 (Definitions);

(b) advisory and other auxiliary financial services, and credit reference and analysis, excluding intermediation, relating to banking and other financial services as described in subparagraph (p) of the definition of "financial service" in Article 17.1 (Definitions); and

(c) electronic payment services for payment card transactions falling within subparagraph (h) of the definition of "financial service" in Article 17.1 (Definitions), and within subcategory 71593 of the United Nations Central Product Classification, Version 2.1, and including only:

(i) the processing of financial transactions, such as verification of financial balances, authorization of transactions, notification of banks (or credit card issuers) of individual transactions and provision of daily summaries and instructions regarding the net financial position of relevant institutions for authorized transactions, and

(ii) those services that are provided on a business-to-business basis and use proprietary networks to process payment transactions,

but not including the transfer of funds to and from transactors' accounts. (12)

(d) the following services if they are provided to a collective investment scheme located in Canada:

(i) investment advice, and

(ii) portfolio management services, excluding:

(A) trustee services, and

(B) custodial services and execution services that are not related to managing a collective investment scheme.

3. For the purposes of paragraph 3, in Canada:

(a) payment card means a "payment card" as defined under the Payment Card Networks Act as of January 1, 2015. For greater certainty, physical and electronic forms of credit and debit cards are included in the definition. For greater certainty, credit cards include pre-paid cards.

(b) a collective investment scheme means, an "investment fund" as defined under the relevant Securities Act.

(11) For greater certainty, Canada requires that a cross-border financial services supplier appoint a local agent in Canada that is provided with power of attorney.
(12) Nothing in this subparagraph prevents a Party from adopting or maintaining measures to protect personal data, personal privacy, and the confidentiality of individual records and accounts, provided that these measures are not used to circumvent the commitments or obligations of this subparagraph. For greater certainty, nothing in this subparagraph prevents a Party from adopting or maintaining measures that regulate fees, such as interchange or switching fees, or that impose fees.
(13) In Canada, a financial institution organized in the territory of another Party can only provide custodial services to a collective investment scheme located in Canada if the financial institution has shareholders' equity equivalent to at least $100 million.

Mexico

Insurance and insurance-related services

1. Article 17.3.3 (National Treatment) and Article 17.5.1 (Market Access) shall apply to the cross-border supply of or trade in financial services, as defined in subparagraph (a) of the definition of "cross-border supply of financial services" in Article 17.1 (Definitions), with respect to:

(a) insurance of risks relating to:

(i) maritime shipping and commercial aviation, space launching and freight (including satellites), with such insurance to cover all or any of the following: the goods being transported; and the vehicle transporting the goods, when such vehicles have foreign registration or are property of persons domiciled abroad, and

(ii) goods in international transit;

(b) any other insurance of risks, if the person seeking to purchase the insurance demonstrates that none of the insurance companies authorized to operate in Mexico is able or deems convenient to enter into such insurance proposed to it;

(c) reinsurance and retrocession; and

(d) insurance intermediation, as referred to in subparagraph (c) of the definition of "financial service" in Article 17.1 (Definitions), and services auxiliary to insurance, as referred to in subparagraph (d) of the definition of "financial service" in Article 17.1 (Definitions), only in respect of insurance referred to in the section of Mexico in this Annex.

Banking and other financial services (excluding insurance)

2. Article 17.3.3 (National Treatment) and Article 17.5.1 (Market Access) shall apply to the cross-border supply of or trade in financial services, as defined in subparagraph (a) of the definition of "cross-border supply of financial services" in Article 17.1 (Definitions), with respect to:

(a) provision and transfer of financial information, and financial data processing and related software, as referred to in subparagraph (o) of the definition of "financial service" in Article 17.1 (Definitions);

(b) advisory and other auxiliary services, (14)  excluding intermediation, and creditreference and analysis, relating to banking and other financial services, as referred to in subparagraph (p) of the definition of "financial service" in Article 17.1 (Definitions);

(c) the following services if they are provided to a collective investment scheme in Mexico:

(i) investment advice, and

(ii) portfolio management services, excluding:

(A) trustee services, and

(B) custodial services and execution services that are not related to managing a collective investment scheme; and

(d) electronic payment services for payment card transactions falling within subparagraph (h) of the definition of "financial service" in Article 17.1 (Definitions), and within subcategory 71593 of the United Nations Central Product Classification, Version 2.1, and including only:

(i) receiving and sending messages for: authorization requests, authorization responses (approvals or declines), stand-in authorizations, adjustments, refunds, returns, retrievals, charge backs and related administrative messages,

(ii) calculation of fees and balances derived from transactions of acquirers and issuers, and receiving and sending messages related to this process to acquirers and issuers, and their agents and representatives,

(iii) the provision of periodic reconciliation, summaries and instructions regarding the net financial position of acquirers and issuers, and their agents and representatives for approved transactions,

(iv) value-added services related to the main processing activities referred to in subparagraphs (i), (ii), and (iii), such as fraud prevention and mitigation activities, and administration of loyalty programs, and

(v) those services that are provided on a business-to-business basis and use proprietary networks to process payment transactions, as referenced in subparagraphs (i)-(iv),

but not including the transfer of funds to and from transactors' accounts.

For Mexico, a payment card means a credit card, debit card, and reloadable card in physical form or electronic format, as defined under Mexican law.

3. For the purposes of paragraph 2(b) and 2(c), in Mexico a collective investment scheme means the "Managing Companies of Investment Funds (Sociedades Operadoras de Fondos de Inversión)" established under the Investment Funds Law (Ley de Fondos de Inversión). A financial institution organized in the territory of another Party will only be authorized to provide portfolio management services to a collective investment scheme located in Mexico if it provides the same services in the territory of the Party where it is established.

(14) The Parties understand that advisory and other auxiliary financial services do not include those services referred to in subparagraphs (e) through (0) of the definition of "financial service" in Article 17.1 (Definitions).
(15) Nothing in this subparagraph prevents a Party from adopting or maintaining measures to protect personal data, personal privacy, and the confidentiality of individual records and accounts, provided that these measures are not used to circumvent the commitments or obligations of this subparagraph. For greater certainty, nothing in this subparagraph prevents a Party from adopting or maintaining measures that regulate fees, such as interchange or switching fees, or that impose fees.

United States

Insurance and insurance-related services

1, Article 17.3.3 (National Treatment) and Article 17.5.1 (Market Access) shall apply to the cross-border supply of or trade in financial services, as defined in subparagraph (a) of the definition of "cross-border supply of financial services" in Article 17.1 (Definitions), with respect to:

(a) insurance of risks relating to:

(i) maritime shipping and commercial aviation and space launching and freight (including satellites), with that insurance to cover any or all of the following: the goods being transported, the vehicle transporting the goods, and any liability arising therefrom, and

(ii) goods in international transit; and

(b) reinsurance and retrocession; services auxiliary to insurance, as referred to in subparagraph (d) of the definition of "financial service" in Article 17.1 (Definitions); and insurance intermediation, such as brokerage and agency, as referred to in subparagraph (c) of the definition of "financial service" in Article 17.1 (Definitions).

Banking and other financial services (excluding insurance)

2. Article 17.3.3 (National Treatment) and 17.5.1 (Market Access) shall apply to the cross-border supply of or trade in financial services, as defined in subparagraph (a) of the definition of "cross- border supply of financial services" in Article 17.1 (Definitions), with respect to:

(a) provision and transfer of financial information, and financial data processing and related software, as referred to in subparagraph (o) of the definition of "financial service" in Article 17.1 (Definitions);

(b) advisory and other auxiliary services, excluding intermediation, relating to banking and other financial services, as referred to in subparagraph (p) of the definition of "financial service" in Article 17.1 (Definitions);

(c) investment advice to a collective investment scheme located in the Party's territory;

(d) portfolio management services, excluding

(i) trustee services, and

(ii) custodial services and execution services that are not related to managing a collective investment scheme; and

(e) electronic payment services for payment card transactions falling within subparagraph (h) of the definition of "financial service" in Article 17.1 (Definitions), and within subcategory 71593 of the United Nations Central Product Classification, Version 2.1, and including only:

(i) the processing of financial transactions such as verification of financial balances, authorization of transactions, notification of banks (or credit card issuers) of individual transactions and provision of daily summaries and instructions regarding the net financial position of relevant institutions for authorized transactions, and

(ii) those services that are provided on a business-to-business basis and use proprietary networks to process payment transactions,

but not including the transfer of funds to and from transactors' accounts.

For the United States, a payment card means a credit card, charge card, debit card, check card, automated teller machine (ATM) card, prepaid card, and other physical or electronic products or services for performing similar functions as these cards, and the unique account number associated with that card, product, or service. (16)

3. For the purposes of subparagraphs 2(c) and 2(d), for the United States, a collective investment scheme means an investment company registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Investment Company Act of 1940. (17)

(16) Nothing in this subparagraph prevents a Party from adopting or maintaining measures to protect personal data, personal privacy, and the confidentiality of individual records and accounts, provided that these measures are not used to circumvent the commitments or obligations of this subparagraph. For greater certainty, nothing in this subparagraph prevents a Party from adopting or maintaining measures that regulate fees, such as interchange or switching fees, or that impose fees.
(17) Custodial services are included in the scope of the commitment made by the United States under this Annex only with respect to investments for which the primary market is outside the territory of the Party.

ANNEX 17-B. AUTHORITIES RESPONSIBLE FOR FINANCIAL SERVICES

The authorities for each Party responsible for financial services are:

(a) for Canada, the Department of Finance of Canada;

(b) for Mexico, the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (Secretaria de Hacienda y Crédito Puúlico); and

(c) for the United States, the Department of the Treasury for the purposes of Annex 17-C (Mexico-United States Investment Disputes in Financial Services) and for all matters involving banking, securities, and financial services other than insurance, and the Department of the Treasury, in cooperation with the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, for insurance matters.

ANNEX 17-C. MEXICO-UNITED STATES INVESTMENT DISPUTES IN FINANCIAL SERVICES

1. Annex 14-D (Mexico-United States Investment Disputes) applies as modified by this Annex to the settlement of a qualifying investment dispute under this Chapter.

2. In the event that a disputing party considers that a qualifying investment dispute under this Chapter cannot be settled by consultation and negotiation:

(a) the claimant, on its own behalf, may submit to arbitration under Annex 14-D a claim:

(i) that the respondent has breached:

(A) Article 17.3.1 (National Treatment), Article 17.3.2 (National Treatment), Article 17.4.1(a) (Most-Favored-Nation Treatment), Article 17.4.1(b) (Most-Favored-Nation Treatment), or Article 17.4.1(c) (Most-Favored-Nation Treatment) (18) except with respect to the establishment or acquisition of an investment; or

(B) Article 14.8 (Expropriation and Compensation) as incorporated into this Chapter under Article 17.2.2(a) (Scope), except with respect to indirect expropriation; and

(ii) that the claimant has incurred loss or damage by reason of, or arising out of, that breach; and

(b) the claimant, on behalf of a financial institution of the respondent that is a juridical person that the claimant owns or controls directly or indirectly, may submit to arbitration under Annex 14-D a claim:

(i) that the respondent has breached:

(A) Article 17.3.1 (National Treatment), Article 17.3.2 (National Treatment), Article 17.4.1(a) (Most-Favored-Nation Treatment),  Article 17.4.1(b) (Most-Favored-Nation Treatment), or Article 17.4.1(c) (Most-Favored-Nation Treatment), except with respect to the establishment or acquisition of an investment; or

(B) Article 14.8 (Expropriation and Compensation) as incorporated into this Chapter under Article 17.2.2(a), except with respect to indirect expropriation; and

(ii) that the financial institution has incurred loss or damage by reason of, or arising out of, that breach.

3. If an investor of an Annex Party submits a claim to arbitration under Annex 14-D (Mexico- United States Investment Disputes) as modified by this Annex:

(a) the presiding arbitrator and the other arbitrators shall be selected so that the presiding arbitrator has expertise or experience in financial services law or practice such as the regulation of financial institutions, and, to the extent practicable, the other arbitrators have expertise or experience in financial services law or practice such as the regulation of financial institutions; and

(b) the respondent shall endeavor to consult with its domestic financial regulatory authorities on the claim.

4. No claim shall be submitted to arbitration under Annex 14-D (Mexico-United States Investment Disputes) as modified by this Annex unless the conditions in Article 14.D.5.1 (Conditions and Limitations on Consent) of Annex 14-D (Mexico-United States Investment Disputes) are satisfied, except the relevant time period in subparagraph (b) is 18 months.

5. If an investor of an Annex Party submits a claim to arbitration under Annex 14-D (Mexico- United States Investment Disputes) as modified by this Annex, and the respondent invokes Article 17.11 (Exceptions) as a defense, the following provisions of this Article apply:

(a) The respondent shall, no later than the date the tribunal fixes for the respondent to submit its counter-memorial, or in the case of an amendment to the notice of arbitration, the date the tribunal fixes for the respondent to submit its response to the amendment, submit in writing to the authorities responsible for financial services of the Annex Party of the claimant, as set out in Annex 17-B (Authorities Responsible for Financial Services), a request for a joint determination by the authorities of the respondent and the Annex Party of the claimant on the issue of whether and to what extent Article 17.11 (Exceptions) is a valid defense to the claim.

(i) The respondent shall set out in the request the text of a proposed joint determination that specifies the claims to which it considers Article 17.11 (Exceptions) a valid defense.

(ii) The respondent shall promptly provide the tribunal, if constituted, a copy of the request.

(iii) The authorities of the Annex Party of the claimant shall notify the authorities of the respondent in writing that the request has been received.

(iv) The arbitration may proceed with respect to the claim only as provided in subparagraph (g). (19)

(b) The authorities referred to in subparagraph (a) shall attempt in good faith to make a joint determination as described in that subparagraph within 120 days after the date of the written request for that determination. The authorities may, in extraordinary circumstances, agree to extend the date for a joint determination for up to 60 additional days.

(c) The authorities of the Annex Party of the claimant shall notify the authorities of the respondent within 120 days after the date of the written request for a joint determination under subparagraph (a), or within the period agreed under subparagraph (b), whichever is longer, whether the authorities of the Annex Party of the claimant agree to the proposed joint determination submitted under subparagraph (a)(i), propose an alternative joint determination, or will not, for any reason, agree to a joint determination.

(d) If the authorities of the Annex Party of the claimant make no notification under subparagraph (c), they shall be presumed to take a position that is consistent with that of the authorities of the respondent, and a joint determination shall deemed to be made regarding the issue of whether and to what extent Article 17.11 (Exceptions) is a valid defense to the claim as set out in the proposed joint determination submitted under subparagraph (a)(i).

(e) Any joint determination made or deemed to be made shall be transmitted promptly to the disputing parties, the Committee and, if constituted, to the tribunal. The joint determination shall be binding on the tribunal and any decision or award issued by the tribunal must be consistent with that determination.

(f) If the authorities referred to in subparagraph (a), within 120 days after the date of the written request for a joint determination under subparagraph (a) or within the date agreed under subparagraph (b), whichever is longer, have not made a determination as described in subparagraph (a), the tribunal shall decide the issue left unresolved by the authorities.

(i) The tribunal shall draw no inference regarding the application of Article 17.11 (Exceptions) from the fact that the competent authorities have not made a determination as described in subparagraph (a).

(ii) The Annex Party of the claimant may make oral and written submissions to the tribunal regarding the issue of whether and to what extent Article 17.11 (Exceptions) is a valid defense to the claim. Unless it makes such a submission, the Annex Party of the claimant shall be presumed, for purposes of the arbitration, to take a position on Article 17.11 (Exceptions) not inconsistent with that of the respondent.

(g) The arbitration referred to in subparagraph (a) may proceed with respect to the claim:

(i) 10 days after the date a joint determination under subparagraph (a) has been received by the disputing parties and, if constituted, the tribunal; or

(ii) 10 days after the expiration of the 120-day period following the request for a joint determination under subparagraph (a) or the expiration of the period agreed under subparagraph (b), whichever is longer.

(h) On the request of the respondent made within 30 days after the expiration of the 120- day period following the request for a joint determination under subparagraph (a), or within 30 days after the expiration of the period agreed under subparagraph (b), whichever is longer, or, if the tribunal has not been constituted as of the expiration of the 120-day or the period agreed under subparagraph (b), within 30 days after the tribunal is constituted, the tribunal shall address and decide the issue or issues left unresolved by the authorities as referred to in subparagraph (c) prior to deciding the merits of the claim for which Article 17.11 (Exceptions) has been invoked by the respondent as a defense. Failure of the respondent to make that request is without prejudice to the right of the respondent to invoke Article 17.11 (Exceptions) as a defense at any appropriate phase of the arbitration.

6. If a respondent asserts that the measure alleged to be a breach is within the scope of a non-conforming measure set out in the responding Party's Schedule to Annex II, Article 10 of Annex 14-D (Mexico-United States Investment Disputes) shall apply to any request of the respondent for an interpretation of the Commission on the issue.

(18) For the purposes of this paragraph: (i) the "treatment" referred to in Article 17.4.1(a) (Most-Favored-Nation Treatment), Article 17.4.1(b) (Most-Favored-Nation Treatment), and Article 17.4.1(c) (Most-Favored-Nation Treatment) excludes provisions in other international trade or investment agreements that establish international dispute resolution procedures or impose substantive obligations; and (ii) the "treatment" referred to in these subparagraphs only encompasses measures adopted or maintained by the other Annex Party, which for greater clarity may include measures adopted in connection with the implementation of substantive obligations in other international trade or investment agreements.
(19) The term "joint determination" as used in this subparagraph refers to a determination by the authorities responsible for financial services of the respondent and of the Annex Party of the claimant, as set out in Annex 17-B (Authorities Responsible for Financial Services).

ANNEX 17-D. LOCATION OF COMPUTING FACILITIES

Article 17.18 (Location of Computing Facilities) does not apply to existing measures of Canada for one year after the entry into force of this Agreement.

Chapter 18. TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Article 18.1. Definitions

For the purposes of this Chapter:

cost-oriented means based on cost, and may include a reasonable profit, and may involve different cost methodologies for different facilities or services;

dialing parity means the ability of an end-user to use an equal number of digits to access a particular public telecommunications service, regardless of which public telecommunications services supplier the end-user chooses;

end-user means a final consumer of or subscriber to a public telecommunications service, including a service supplier other than a supplier of public telecommunications services;

enterprise means an enterprise as defined in Article 1.5 (General Definitions) and a branch of an enterprise;

essential facilities means facilities of a public telecommunications network or service that:

(a) are exclusively or predominantly provided by a single or limited number of suppliers; and

(b) cannot feasibly be economically, or technically substituted in order to supply a service;

interconnection means linking suppliers providing public telecommunications services in order to allow a user of one supplier to communicate with a user of another supplier and to access services provided by another supplier;

leased circuit means a telecommunications facility between two or more designated points that is set aside for the dedicated use of, or availability to, a user and supplied by a supplier of a fixed telecommunications service;

license means any authorization that a Party may require of a person, in accordance with its laws and regulations, in order for that person to offer a telecommunications service, including concessions, permits or registrations;

major supplier means a supplier of public telecommunications services that has the ability to materially affect the terms of participation (having regard to price and supply) in the relevant market for public telecommunications services as a result of:

(a) control over essential facilities; or

(b) use of its position in the market (1)

mobile service means a public telecommunications service supplied through mobile wireless means;

network element means a facility or equipment used in supplying a fixed public telecommunications service, including features, functions and capabilities provided by means of that facility or equipment;

non-discriminatory means according treatment no less favorable than that accorded to another user of like public telecommunications services in like circumstances, including with respect to timeliness;

number portability means the ability of an end-user of public telecommunications services to retain the same telephone numbers when switching between suppliers of public telecommunications services;

physical co-location means physical access to and control over space in order to install, maintain or repair equipment, at premises owned or controlled and used by a major supplier to provide public telecommunications services;

public telecommunications network means telecommunications infrastructure used to provide public telecommunications services between defined network termination points;

  • Chapter   1 INITIAL PROVISIONS AND GENERAL DEFINITIONS 1
  • Section   A Initial Provisions 1
  • Article   1.1 Establishment of a Free Trade Area 1
  • Article   1.2 Relation to other Agreements 1
  • Article   1.3 Relation to Environmental and Conservation Agreements 1
  • Article   1.4 Persons Exercising Delegated Governmental Authority 1
  • Section   B General Definitions 1
  • Article   1.5 General Definitions 1
  • Section   C Country-Specific Definitions 1
  • Chapter   2 NATIONAL TREATMENT AND MARKET ACCESS FOR GOODS 1
  • Article   2.1 Definitions 1
  • Article   2.2 Scope 2
  • Article   2.3 National Treatment 2
  • Article   2.4 Treatment of Customs Duties 2
  • Article   2.5 Drawback and Duty Deferral Programs 2
  • Article   2.6 Waiver of Customs Duties 2
  • Article   2.7 Temporary Admission of Goods 2
  • Article   2.8 Goods Re-Entered after Repair or Alteration 2
  • Article   2.9 Duty-Free Entry of Commercial Samples of Negligible Value and Printed Advertising Materials 2
  • Article   2.10 Most-Favored-Nation Rates of Duty on Certain Goods 2
  • Article   2.11 Import and Export Restrictions 2
  • Article   2.12 Remanufactured Goods 2
  • Article   2.13 Transparency In Import Licensing Procedures 2
  • Article   2.14 Transparency In Export Licensing Procedures 2
  • Article   2.15 Export Duties, Taxes, or other Charges 3
  • Article   2.16 Administrative Fees and Formalities 3
  • Article   2.17 Committee on Trade In Goods 3
  • Chapter   3 AGRICULTURE 3
  • Section   A General Provisions 3
  • Article   3.1 Definitions 3
  • Article   3.2 Scope 3
  • Article   3.3 International Cooperation 3
  • Article   3.4 Export Competition 3
  • Article   3.5 Export Restrictions - Food Security 3
  • Article   3.6 Domestic Support 3
  • Article   3.7 Committee on Agricultural Trade 3
  • Article   3.8 Consultative Committees on Agriculture 3
  • Article   3.9 Agricultural Special Safeguards 3
  • Article   3.10 Transparency and Consultations 3
  • Article   3.11 Annexes 3
  • Section   B Agricultural Biotechnology 3
  • Article   3.12 Definitions 3
  • Article   3.13 Contact Points 3
  • Article   3.14 Trade In Products of Agricultural Biotechnology 3
  • Article   3.15 LLP Occurrence 3
  • Article   3.16 Working Group for Cooperation on Agricultural Biotechnology 3
  • Chapter   4 RULES OF ORIGIN 4
  • Article   4.1 Definitions 4
  • Article   4.2 Originating Goods 4
  • Article   4.3 Wholly Obtained or Produced Goods 4
  • Article   4.4 Treatment of Recovered Materials Used In the Production of a Remanufactured Good 4
  • Article   4.5 Regional Value Content 4
  • Article   4.6 Value of Materials Used In Production 4
  • Article   4.7 Further Adjustments to the Value of Materials 4
  • Article   4.8 Intermediate Materials 4
  • Article   4.9 Indirect Materials 4
  • Article   4.10 Automotive Goods 4
  • Article   4.11 Accumulation 4
  • Article   4.12 De Minimis 4
  • Article   4.13 Fungible Goods and Materials 4
  • Article   4.14 Accessories, Spare Parts, Tools, or Instructional or other Information Materials 4
  • Article   4.15 Packaging Materials and Containers for Retail Sale 5
  • Article   4.16 Packing Materials and Containers for Shipment 5
  • Article   4.17 Sets of Goods, Kits or Composite Goods 5
  • Article   4.18 Transit and Transshipment 5
  • Article   4.19 Non-Qualifying Operations 5
  • Chapter   5 ORIGIN PROCEDURES 5
  • Article   5.1 Definitions 5
  • Article   5.2 Claims for Preferential Tariff Treatment 5
  • Article   5.3 Basis of a Certification of Origin 5
  • Article   5.4 Obligations Regarding Importations 5
  • Article   5.5 Exceptions to Certification of Origin 5
  • Article   5.6 Obligations Regarding Exportations 5
  • Article   5.7 Errors or Discrepancies 5
  • Article   5.8 Record Keeping Requirements 5
  • Article   5.9 Origin Verification 5
  • Article   5.10 Determinations of Origin 5
  • Article   5.11 Refunds and Claims for Preferential Tariff Treatment after Importation 5
  • Article   5.12 Confidentiality 6
  • Article   5.13 Penalties 6
  • Article   5.14 Advance Rulings Relating to Origin 6
  • Article   5.15 Review and Appeal 6
  • Article   5.16 Uniform Regulations 6
  • Article   5.17 Notification of Treatment 6
  • Article   5.18 Committee on Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures 6
  • Article   5.19 Sub-Committee on Origin Verification 6
  • Chapter   6 TEXTILE AND APPAREL GOODS 6
  • Article   6.1 Rules of Origin and Related Matters 6
  • Article   6.2 Handmade, Traditional Folkloric, or Indigenous Handicraft Goods 6
  • Article   6.3 Special Provisions 6
  • Article   6.4 Review and Revision of Rules of Origin 6
  • Article   6.5 Cooperation 6
  • Article   6.6 Verification 6
  • Article   6.7 Determinations 6
  • Article   6.8 Committee on Textile and Apparel Trade Matters 6
  • Article   6.9 Confidentiality 6
  • Chapter   7 CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION AND TRADE FACILITATION 6
  • Section   A Trade Facilitation 6
  • Article   7.1 Trade Facilitation 6
  • Article   7.2 Online Publication 6
  • Article   7.3 Communication with Traders 6
  • Article   7.4 Enquiry Points 6
  • Article   7.5 Advance Rulings 6
  • Article   7.6 Advice or Information Regarding Duty Drawback or Duty Deferral Programs 7
  • Article   7.7 Release of Goods 7
  • Article   7.8 Express Shipments 7
  • Article   7.9 Use of Information Technology 7
  • Article   7.10 Single Window 7
  • Article   7.11 Transparency, Predictability, and Consistency In Customs Procedures 7
  • Article   7.12 Risk Management 7
  • Article   7.13 Post-Clearance Audit 7
  • Article   7.14 Authorized Economic Operator - AEO 7
  • Article   7.15 Review and Appeal of Customs Determinations 7
  • Article   7.16 Administrative Guidance 7
  • Article   7.17 Transit 7
  • Article   7.18 Penalties 7
  • Article   7.19 Standards of Conduct 7
  • Article   7.20 Customs Brokers 8
  • Article   7.21 Border Inspections 8
  • Article   7.22 Protection of Trader Information 8
  • Article   7.23 Customs Initiatives for Trade Facilitation 8
  • Article   7.24 Committee on Trade Facilitation 8
  • Section   B Cooperation and Enforcement 8
  • Article   7.25 Regional and Bilateral Cooperation on Enforcement 8
  • Article   7.26 Exchange of Specific Confidential Information 8
  • Article   7.27 Customs Compliance Verification Requests 8
  • Article   7.28 Confidentiality between Parties 8
  • Article   7.29 Sub-Committee on Customs Enforcement 8
  • Chapter   8 RECOGNITION OF THE UNITED MEXICAN STATES' DIRECT, INALIENABLE, AND IMPRESCRIPTIBLE OWNERSHIP OF HYDROCARBONS 8
  • Article   8.1 Recognition of the United Mexican States' Direct, Inalienable, and Imprescriptible Ownership of Hydrocarbons 8
  • Chapter   9 SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES 8
  • Article   9.1 Definitions 8
  • Article   9.2 Scope 8
  • Article   9.3 Objectives 8
  • Article   9.4 General Provisions 8
  • Article   9.5 Competent Authorities and Contact Points 8
  • Article   9.6 Science and Risk Analysis 8
  • Article   9.7 Enhancing Compatibility of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 9
  • Article   9.8 Adaptation to Regional Conditions, Including Pest- or Disease-Free Areas and Areas of Low Pest or Disease Prevalence 9
  • Article   9.9 Equivalence 9
  • Article   9.10 Audits  (4) 9
  • Article   9.11 Import Checks 9
  • Article   9.12 Certification 9
  • Article   9.13 Transparency 9
  • Article   9.14 Emergency Measures 9
  • Article   9.15 Information Exchange 9
  • Article   9.16 Cooperation 9
  • Article   9.17 Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 9
  • Article   9.18 Technical Working Groups 10
  • Article   9.19 Technical Consultations 10
  • Article   9.20 Dispute Settlement 10
  • Chapter   10 TRADE REMEDIES 10
  • Section   A Safeguards 10
  • Article   10.1 Definitions 10
  • Article   10.2 Rights and Obligations 10
  • Article   10.3 Administration of Emergency Action Proceedings 10
  • Section   B Antidumping and Countervailing Duties 10
  • Article   10.4 Definitions 10
  • Article   10.5 Rights and Obligations 10
  • Section   C Cooperation on Preventing Duty Evasion of Trade Remedy Laws 10
  • Article   10.6 General 10
  • Article   10.7 Duty Evasion Cooperation 10
  • Section   D REVIEW AND DISPUTE SETTLEMENT IN ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTY MATTERS 10
  • Article   10.8 Definitions 10
  • Article   10.9 General Provisions 11
  • Article   10.10 Retention of Domestic Antidumping Law and Countervailing Duty Law 11
  • Article   10.11 Review of Statutory Amendments 11
  • Article   10.12 Review of Final Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Determinations 11
  • Article   10.13 Safeguarding the Panel Review System 11
  • Article   10.14 Prospective Application 11
  • Article   10.15 Consultations 11
  • Article   10.16 Special Secretariat Provisions 11
  • Article   10.17 Code of Conduct 11
  • Article   10.18 Miscellaneous 11
  • Chapter   11 TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE 11
  • Article   11.1 Definitions 11
  • Article   11.2 Scope 12
  • Article   11.3 Incorporation of the TBT Agreement 12
  • Article   11.4 International Standards, Guides and Recommendations 12
  • Article   11.5 Technical Regulations Preparation and Review of Technical Regulations 12
  • Article   11.6 Conformity Assessment 12
  • Article   11.7 Transparency 12
  • Article   11.8 Compliance Period for Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment Procedures 13
  • Article   11.9 Cooperation and Trade Facilitation 13
  • Article   11.10 Information Exchange and Technical Discussions 13
  • Article   11.11 Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade 13
  • Article   11.12 Contact Points 13
  • Chapter   12 SECTORAL ANNEXES 13
  • Article   12.1 Sectoral Annexes 13
  • ANNEX 12-C  INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY 13
  • Article   12.C.1 Definitions 13
  • Article   12.C.2 ICT Goods That Use Cryptography 13
  • Article   12.C.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility of ITE Products 13
  • Article   12.C.4 Regional Cooperation Activities on Telecommunications Equipment 13
  • Article   12.C.5 Terminal Equipment 13
  • Chapter   13 GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT 13
  • Article   13.1 Definitions 13
  • Article   13.2 Scope 14
  • Article   13.3 Exceptions 14
  • Article   13.4 General Principles 14
  • Article   13.5 Publication of Procurement Information 14
  • Article   13.6 Notices of Intended Procurement 14
  • Article   13.7 Conditions for Participation 14
  • Article   13.8 Qualification of Suppliers 14
  • Article   13.9 Limited Tendering 15
  • Article   13.10 Negotiations 15
  • Article   13.11 Technical Specifications 15
  • Article   13.12 Tender Documentation 15
  • Article   13.13 Time Periods 15
  • Article   13.14 Treatment of Tenders and Awarding of Contracts 15
  • Article   13.15 Transparency and Post-Award Information 15
  • Article   13.16 Disclosure of Information Provision of Information to Parties 15
  • Article   13.17 Ensuring Integrity In Procurement Practices 15
  • Article   13.18 Domestic Review 15
  • Article   13.19 Modifications and Rectifications of Annex 15
  • Article   13.20 Facilitation of Participation by SMEs 16
  • Article   13.21 Committee on Government Procurement 16
  • Chapter   14 INVESTMENT 16
  • Article   14.1 Definitions 16
  • Article   14.2 Scope 16
  • Article   14.3 Relation to other Chapters 16
  • Article   14.4 National Treatment 16
  • Article   14.5 Most-Favored-Nation Treatment 16
  • Article   14.6 Minimum Standard of Treatment  (6) 16
  • Article   14.7 Treatment In Case of Armed Conflict or Civil Strife 16
  • Article   14.8 Expropriation and Compensation  (7) 16
  • Article   14.9 Transfers 16
  • Article   14.10 Performance Requirements 16
  • Article   14.11 Senior Management and Boards of Directors 17
  • Article   14.12 Non-Conforming Measures 17
  • Article   14.13 Special Formalities and Information Requirements 17
  • Article   14.14 Denial of Benefits 17
  • Article   14.15 Subrogation 17
  • Article   14.16 Investment and Environmental, Health, Safety, and other Regulatory Objectives 17
  • Article   14.17 Corporate Social Responsibility 17
  • ANNEX 14-A  CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 17
  • ANNEX 14-B  EXPROPRIATION 17
  • ANNEX 14-C  LEGACY INVESTMENT CLAIMS AND PENDING CLAIMS 17
  • ANNEX 14-D  MEXICO-UNITED STATES INVESTMENT DISPUTES 17
  • Article   14.D.1 Definitions 17
  • Article   14.D.2 Consultation and Negotiation 17
  • Article   14.D.3 Submission of a Claim to Arbitration 17
  • Article   14.D.4 Consent to Arbitration 17
  • Article   14.D.5 Conditions and Limitations on Consent 18
  • Article   14.D.6 Selection of Arbitrators 18
  • Article   14.D.7 Conduct of the Arbitration 18
  • Article   14.D8 Transparency of Arbitral Proceedings 18
  • Article   14.D.9 Governing Law 18
  • Article   14.D.10 Interpretation of Annexes 18
  • Article   14.D.11 Expert Reports 18
  • Article   14.D.12 Consolidation 18
  • Article   14.D.13 Awards 18
  • Article   14.D.14 Service of Documents 18
  • APPENDIX 1  SERVICE OF DOCUMENTS ON AN ANNEX PARTY 18
  • APPENDIX 2  PUBLIC DEBT 18
  • APPENDIX 3  SUBMISSION OF A CLAIM TO ARBITRATION 18
  • ANNEX 14-E  MEXICO-UNITED STATES INVESTMENT DISPUTES RELATED TO COVERED GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS 19
  • Chapter   15 CROSS-BORDER TRADE IN SERVICES 19
  • Article   15.1 Definitions 19
  • Article   15.2 Scope 19
  • Article   15.3 National Treatment 19
  • Article   15.4 Most-Favored-Nation Treatment 19
  • Article   15.5 Market Access 19
  • Article   15.6 Local Presence 19
  • Article   15.7 Non-Conforming Measures 19
  • Article   15.8 Development and Administration of Measures 19
  • Article   15.9 Recognition 19
  • Article   15.10 Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises 19
  • Article   15.11 Denial of Benefits 20
  • Article   15.12 Payments and Transfers 20
  • Chapter   16 TEMPORARY ENTRY FOR BUSINESS PERSONS 20
  • Article   16.1 Definitions 20
  • Article   16.2 Scope 20
  • Article   16.3 General Obligations 20
  • Article   16.4 Grant of Temporary Entry 20
  • Article   16.5 Provision of Information 20
  • Article   16.6 Temporary Entry Working Group 20
  • Article   16.7 Dispute Settlement 20
  • Article   16.8 Relation to other Chapters 20
  • ANNEX 16-A  TEMPORARY ENTRY FOR BUSINESS PERSONS 20
  • Section   A Business Visitors 20
  • Section   B Traders and Investors 20
  • Section   C Intra-Company Transferees 20
  • Section   D Professionals 20
  • Chapter   17 FINANCIAL SERVICES 20
  • Article   17.1 Definitions 20
  • Article   17.2 Scope 20
  • Article   17.3 National Treatment 21
  • Article   17.4 Most-Favored-Nation Treatment 21
  • Article   17.5 Market Access 21
  • Article   17.6 Cross-Border Trade Standstill 21
  • Article   17.7 New Financial Services  (4) 21
  • Article   17.8 Treatment of Customer Information 21
  • Article   17.9 Senior Management and Boards of Directors 21
  • Article   17.10 Non-Conforming Measures 21
  • Article   17.11 Exceptions 21
  • Article   17.12 Recognition 21
  • Article   17.13 Transparency and Administration of Certain Measures 21
  • Article   17.14 Self-Regulatory Organizations 21
  • Article   17.15 Payment and Clearing Systems 21
  • Article   17.16 Expedited Availability of Insurance Services 21
  • Article   17.17 Transfer of Information 21
  • Article   17.18 Location of Computing Facilities 21
  • Article   17.19 Committee on Financial Services 21
  • Article   17.20 Consultations 21
  • Article   17.21 Dispute Settlement 21
  • ANNEX 17-A  CROSS-BORDER TRADE 22
  • ANNEX 17-B  AUTHORITIES RESPONSIBLE FOR FINANCIAL SERVICES 22
  • ANNEX 17-C  MEXICO-UNITED STATES INVESTMENT DISPUTES IN FINANCIAL SERVICES 22
  • ANNEX 17-D  LOCATION OF COMPUTING FACILITIES 22
  • Chapter   18 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 22
  • Article   18.1 Definitions 22
  • Article   18.2 Scope 23
  • Article   18.3 Access and Use 23
  • Article   18.4 Obligations Relating to Suppliers of Public Telecommunications Services Interconnection 23
  • Article   18.5 Treatment by Major Suppliers of Public Telecommunications Services 23
  • Article   18.6 Competitive Safeguards 23
  • Article   18.7 Resale  (7) 23
  • Article   18.8 Unbundling of Network Elements 23
  • Article   18.9 Interconnection with Major Suppliers 23
  • Article   18.10 Provisioning and Pricing of Leased Circuits Services 23
  • Article   18.11 Co-Location  (8) 23
  • Article   18.12 Access to Poles, Ducts, Conduits, and Rights-of-Way  (9) 23
  • Article   18.13 Submarine Cable Systems 23
  • Article   18.14 Conditions for the Supply of Value-Added Services  (11) 23
  • Article   18.15 Flexibility In the Choice of Technology 23
  • Article   18.16 Approaches to Regulation 23
  • Article   18.17 Telecommunications Regulatory Bodies 23
  • Article   18.18 State Enterprises 23
  • Article   18.19 Universal Services 23
  • Article   18.20 Licensing Process 23
  • Article   18.21 Allocation and Use of Scarce Resources 24
  • Article   18.22 Enforcement 24
  • Article   18.23 Resolution of Disputes 24
  • Article   18.24 Transparency 24
  • Article   18.25 International Roaming Services 24
  • Article   18.26 Relation to other Chapters 24
  • Article   18.27 Telecommunications Committee 24
  • Chapter   19 DIGITAL TRADE 24
  • Article   19.1 Definitions 24
  • Article   19.2 Scope and General Provisions 24
  • Article   19.3 Customs Duties 24
  • Article   19.4 Non-Discriminatory Treatment of Digital Products 24
  • Article   19.5 Domestic Electronic Transactions Framework 24
  • Article   19.6 Electronic Authentication and Electronic Signatures 24
  • Article   19.7 Online Consumer Protection 24
  • Article   19.8 Personal Information Protection 24
  • Article   19.9 Paperless Trading 24
  • Article   19.10 Principles on Access to and Use of the Internet for Digital Trade 24
  • Article   19.11 Cross-Border Transfer of Information by Electronic Means 24
  • Article   19.12 Location of Computing Facilities 24
  • Article   19.13 Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Communications 24
  • Article   19.14 Cooperation 24
  • Article   19.15 Cybersecurity 25
  • Article   19.16 Source Code 25
  • Article   19.17 Interactive Computer Services 25
  • Article   19.18 Open Government Data 25
  • ANNEX 19-A  25
  • Chapter   20 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 25
  • Section   A General Provisions 25
  • Article   20.1 Definitions 25
  • Article   20.2 Objectives 25
  • Article   20.3 Principles 25
  • Article   20.4 Understandings In Respect of this Chapter 25
  • Article   20.5 Nature and Scope of Obligations 25
  • Article   20.6 Understandings Regarding Certain Public Health Measures 25
  • Article   20.7 International Agreements 25
  • Article   20.8 National Treatment 25
  • Article   20.9 Transparency 25
  • Article   20.10 Application of Chapter to Existing Subject Matter and Prior Acts 25
  • Article   20.11 Exhaustion of Intellectual Property Rights 25
  • Section   B Cooperation 25
  • Article   20.12 Contact Points for Cooperation 25
  • Article   20.13 Cooperation 25
  • Article   20.14 Committee on Intellectual Property Rights 25
  • Article   20.15 Patent Cooperation and Work Sharing 25
  • Article   20.16 Cooperation on Request 25
  • Section   C Trademarks 25
  • Article   20.17 Types of Signs Registrable as Trademarks 25
  • Article   20.18 Collective and Certification Marks 25
  • Article   20.19 Use of Identical or Similar Signs 26
  • Article   20.20 Exceptions 26
  • Article   20.21 Well-Known Trademarks 26
  • Article   20.22 Procedural Aspects of Examination, Opposition, and Cancellation 26
  • Article   20.23 Electronic Trademarks System 26
  • Article   20.24 Classification of Goods and Services 26
  • Article   20.25 Term of Protection for Trademarks 26
  • Article   20.26 Non-Recordal of a License 26
  • Article   20.27 Domain Names 26
  • Section   D Country Names 26
  • Article   20.28 Country Names 26
  • Section   E Geographical Indications 26
  • Article   20.29 Recognition of Geographical Indications 26
  • Article   20.30 Administrative Procedures for the Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications 26
  • Article   20.31 Grounds of Denial, Opposition, and Cancellation  (17) 26
  • Article   20.32 Guidelines for Determining Whether a Term Is the Term Customary In the Common Language 26
  • Article   20.33 Multi-Component Terms 26
  • Article   20.34 Date of Protection of a Geographical Indication 26
  • Article   20.35 International Agreements 26
  • Section   F Patents and Undisclosed Test or other Data 26
  • Subsection   A General Patents 26
  • Article   20.36 Patentable Subject Matter 26
  • Article   20.37 Grace Period 26
  • Article   20.38 Patent Revocation 26
  • Article   20.39 Exceptions 26
  • Article   20.40 Other Use without Authorization of the Right Holder 26
  • Article   20.41 Amendments, Corrections, and Observations 26
  • Article   20.42 Publication of Patent Applications 26
  • Article   20.43 Information Relating to Published Patent Applications and Granted Patents 26
  • Article   20.44 Patent Term Adjustment for Unreasonable Granting Authority Delays 26
  • Subsection   B Measures Relating to Agricultural Chemical Products 27
  • Article   20.45 Protection of Undisclosed Test or other Data for Agricultural Chemical Products 27
  • Subsection   C Measures Relating to Pharmaceutical Products 27
  • Article   20.46 Patent Term Adjustment for Unreasonable Curtailment 27
  • Article   20.47 Regulatory Review Exception 27
  • Article   20.48 Protection of Undisclosed Test or other Data 27
  • Article   20.49 Definition of New Pharmaceutical Product 27
  • Article   20.50 Measures Relating to the Marketing of Certain Pharmaceutical Products  (48) 27
  • Article   20.51 Alteration of Period of Protection 27
  • Section   G Industrial Designs 27
  • Article   20.52 Protection 27
  • Article   20.53 Non-Prejudicial Disclosures/Grace Period  (51) 27
  • Article   20.54 Electronic Industrial Design System 27
  • Article   20.55 Term of Protection 27
  • Section   H Copyright and Related Rights 27
  • Article   20.56 Definitions 27
  • Article   20.57 Right of Reproduction 27
  • Article   20.58 Right of Communication to the Public 27
  • Article   20.59 Right of Distribution 27
  • Article   20.60 No Hierarchy 27
  • Article   20.61 Related Rights 27
  • Article   20.62 Term of Protection for Copyright and Related Rights 27
  • Article   20.63 Application of Article 18 of the Berne Convention and Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement 27
  • Article   20.64 Limitations and Exceptions 27
  • Article   20.65 Contractual Transfers 27
  • Article   20.66 Technological Protection Measures  (65) 27
  • Article   20.67 Rights Management Information  (73) 28
  • Article   20.68 Collective Management 28
  • Section   I Trade Secrets  (78) (79) 28
  • Article   20.69 Protection of Trade Secrets 28
  • Article   20.70 Civil Protection and Enforcement 28
  • Article   20.71 Criminal Enforcement 28
  • Article   20.72 Definitions 28
  • Article   20.73 Provisional Measures 28
  • Article   20.74 Confidentiality 28
  • Article   20.75 Civil Remedies 28
  • Article   20.76 Licensing and Transfer of Trade Secrets 28
  • Article   20.77 Prohibition of Unauthorized Disclosure or Use of a Trade Secret by Government Officials Outside the Scope of Their Official Duties 28
  • Section   J Enforcement 28
  • Article   20.78 General Obligations 28
  • Article   20.79 Presumptions 28
  • Article   20.80 Enforcement Practices with Respect to Intellectual Property Rights 28
  • Article   20.81 Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies 28
  • Article   20.82 Provisional Measures 28
  • Article   20.83 Special Requirements Related to Border Measures 28
  • Article   20.84 Criminal Procedures and Penalties 29
  • Article   20.85 Protection of Encrypted Program-Carrying Satellite and Cable Signals 29
  • Article   20.86 Government Use of Software 29
  • Article   20.87 Internet Service Providers 29
  • Article   20.88 Legal Remedies and Safe Harbors  (119) 29
  • Section   K Final Provisions 29
  • Article   20.89 Final Provisions 29
  • ANNEX 20-A  ANNEX TO ARTICLE 20.50 29
  • ANNEX 20-B  ANNEX TO SECTION J 29
  • Chapter   21 COMPETITION POLICY 30
  • Article   21.1 Competition Law and Authorities 30
  • Article   21.2 Procedural Fairness In Competition Law Enforcement 30
  • Article   21.3 Cooperation 30
  • Article   21.4 Consumer Protection 30
  • Article   21.5 Transparency 30
  • Article   21.6 Consultations 30
  • Chapter   22 STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES AND DESIGNATED MONOPOLIES 30
  • Article   22.1 Definitions 30
  • Article   22.2 Scope 30
  • Article   22.3 Delegated Authority 30
  • Article   22.4 Non-Discriminatory Treatment and Commercial Considerations 30
  • Article   22.5 Courts and Administrative Bodies 31
  • Article   22.6 Non-Commercial Assistance 31
  • Article   22.7 Adverse Effects 31
  • Article   22.8 Injury 31
  • Article   22.9 Party-Specific Annexes 31
  • Article   22.10 Transparency 31
  • Article   22.11 Technical Cooperation 31
  • Article   22.12 Committee on State-Owned Enterprises and Designated Monopolies 31
  • Article   22.13 Exceptions 31
  • Article   22.14 Further Negotiations 31
  • Article   22.15 Process for Developing Information 31
  • Chapter   23 LABOR 31
  • Article   23.1 Definitions 31
  • Article   23.2 Statement of Shared Commitments 32
  • Article   23.3 Labor Rights 32
  • Article   23.4 Non-Derogation 32
  • Article   23.5 Enforcement of Labor Laws 32
  • Article   23.6 Forced or Compulsory Labor 32
  • Article   23.7 Violence Against Workers 32
  • Article   23.8 Migrant Workers 32
  • Article   23.9 Discrimination In the Workplace 32
  • Article   23.10 Public Awareness and Procedural Guarantees 32
  • Article   23.11 Public Submissions 32
  • Article   23.12 Cooperation 32
  • Article   23.13 Cooperative Labor Dialogue 32
  • Article   23.14 Labor Council 32
  • Article   23.15 Contact Points 32
  • Article   23.16 Public Engagement 32
  • Article   23.17 Labor Consultations 32
  • ANNEX 23-A  WORKER REPRESENTATION IN COLLECTIVE BARGAINING IN MEXICO 33
  • Chapter   24 ENVIRONMENT 33
  • Article   24.1 Definitions 33
  • Article   24.2 Scope and Objectives 33
  • Article   24.3 Levels of Protection 33
  • Article   24.4 Enforcement of Environmental Laws 33
  • Article   24.5 Public Information and Participation 33
  • Article   24.6 Procedural Matters 33
  • Article   24.7 Environmental Impact Assessment 33
  • Article   24.8 Multilateral Environmental Agreements  (6) (7) 33
  • Article   24.9 Protection of the Ozone Layer 33
  • Article   24.10 Protection of the Marine Environment from Ship Pollution 33
  • Article   24.11 Air Quality 33
  • Article   24.12 Marine Litter 33
  • Article   24.13 Corporate Social Responsibility and Responsible Business Conduct 33
  • Article   24.14 Voluntary Mechanisms to Enhance Environmental Performance 33
  • Article   24.15 Trade and Biodiversity 34
  • Article   24.16 Invasive Alien Species 34
  • Article   24.17 Marine Wild Capture Fisheries™  (17) 34
  • Article   24.18 Sustainable Fisheries Management 34
  • Article   24.19 Conservation of Marine Species 34
  • Article   24.20 Fisheries Subsidies 34
  • Article   24.21 Ilegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing 34
  • Article   24 Conservation and Trade 34
  • Article   24.23 Sustainable Forest Management and Trade 34
  • Article   24.24 Environmental Goods and Services 34
  • Article   24.25 Environmental Cooperation 34
  • Article   24.26 Environment Committee and Contact Points 34
  • Article   24.27 Submissions on Enforcement Matters 35
  • Article   24.28 Factual Records and Related Cooperation 35
  • Article   24.29 Environment Consultations 35
  • Article   24.30 Senior Representative Consultations 35
  • Article   24 Ministerial Consultations 35
  • Article   24.32 Dispute Resolution 35
  • ANNEX 24-A  35
  • ANNEX 24-B  35
  • Chapter   25 SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES 35
  • Article   25.1 General Principles 35
  • Article   25.2 Cooperation to Increase Trade and Investment Opportunities for SMEs 35
  • Article   25.3 Information Sharing 35
  • Article   25.4 Committee on SME Issues 35
  • Article   25.5 SME Dialogue 35
  • Article   25.7 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 35
  • Chapter   26 COMPETITIVENESS 35
  • Article   26.1 North American Competitiveness Committee 35
  • Article   26.2 Engagement with Interested Persons 36
  • Article   26.3 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 36
  • Chapter   27 ANTICORRUPTION 36
  • Article   27.1 Definitions 36
  • Article   27.2 Scope 36
  • Article   27.3 Measures to Combat Corruption 36
  • Article   27.4 Promoting Integrity Among Public Officials™  (7) 36
  • Article   27.5 Participation of Private Sector and Society 36
  • Article   27.6 Application and Enforcement of Anticorruption Laws 36
  • Article   27.7 Relation to other Agreements 36
  • Article   27.8 Dispute Settlement 36
  • Article   27.9 Cooperation 36
  • Chapter   28 GOOD REGULATORY PRACTICES 36
  • Article   28.1 Definitions 36
  • Article   28.2 Subject Matter and General Provisions 36
  • Article   28.3 Central Regulatory Coordinating Body 36
  • Article   28.4 Internal Consultation, Coordination, and Review 36
  • Article   28.5 Information Quality 36
  • Article   28.6 Early Planning 36
  • Article   28.7 Dedicated Website 36
  • Article   28.8 Use of Plain Language 36
  • Article   28.9 Transparent Development of Regulations 36
  • Article   28.10 Expert Advisory Groups 37
  • Article   28.11 Regulatory Impact Assessment 37
  • Article   28.12 Final Publication 37
  • Article   28.13 Retrospective Review 37
  • Article   28.14 Suggestions for Improvement 37
  • Article   28.15 Information About Regulatory Processes 37
  • Article   28.16 Annual Report 37
  • Article   28.17 Encouragement of Regulatory Compatibility and Cooperation 37
  • Article   28.18 Committee on Good Regulatory Practices 37
  • Article   28.19 Contact Points 37
  • Article   28.20 Application of Dispute Settlement 37
  • ANNEX 28-A  ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE SCOPE OF "REGULATIONS" AND "REGULATORY AUTHORITIES" 37
  • Chapter   29 PUBLICATION AND ADMINISTRATION 37
  • Section   A Publication and Administration 37
  • Article   29.1 Definitions 37
  • Article   29.2 Publication 37
  • Article   29.3 Administrative Proceedings 37
  • Article   29.4 Review and Appeal 38
  • Section   B Transparency and Procedural Fairness for Pharmaceutical Products and Medical Devices  (3) 38
  • Article   29.5 Definitions 38
  • Article   29.6 Principles 38
  • Article   29.7 Procedural Fairness 38
  • Article   29.8 Dissemination of Information to Health Professionals and Consumers 38
  • Article   29.9 Consultations 38
  • Article   29.10 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 38
  • ANNEX 29-A  PUBLICATION OF LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION 38
  • ANNEX 29-B  PARTY-SPECIFIC DEFINITIONS 38
  • Chapter   30 ADMINISTRATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS 38
  • Article   30.1 Establishment of the Free Trade Commission 38
  • Article   30.2 Functions of the Commission 38
  • Article   30.3 Decision-Making 38
  • Article   30.4 Rules of Procedure of the Commission and Subsidiary Bodies 38
  • Article   30.5 Agreement Coordinator and Contact Points 38
  • Article   30.6 The Secretariat 38
  • Chapter   31 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 38
  • Section   A Dispute Settlement 38
  • Article   31.1 Cooperation 38
  • Article   31.2 Scope 38
  • Article   31.3 Choice of Forum 38
  • Article   31.4 Consultations 38
  • Article   31.5 Good Offices, Conciliation, and Mediation 38
  • Article   31.6 Establishment of a Panel 39
  • Article   31.7 Terms of Reference 39
  • Article   31.8 Roster and Qualifications of Panelists 39
  • Article   31.9 Panel Composition 39
  • Article   31.10 Replacement of Panelists 39
  • Article   31.11 Rules of Procedure for Panels 39
  • Article   31.12 Electronic Document Filing 39
  • Article   31.13 Function of Panels 39
  • Article   31.14 Third Party Participation 39
  • Article   31.15 Role of Experts 39
  • Article   31.16 Suspension or Termination of Proceedings 39
  • Article   31.17 Panel Report 39
  • Article   31.18 Implementation of Final Report 39
  • Article   31.19 Non-Implementation - Suspension of Benefits 39
  • Section   B Domestic Proceedings and Private Commercial Dispute Settlement 39
  • Article   31.20 Referrals of Matters from Judicial or Administrative Proceedings 39
  • Article   31.21 Private Rights 39
  • Article   31.22 Alternative Dispute Resolution 39
  • ANNEX 31-A  FACILITY-SPECIFIC RAPID RESPONSE LABOR MECHANISM 39
  • Article   31-A.1 Scope and Purpose 39
  • Article   31-A.2 Denial of Rights 39
  • Article   31-A.3 Lists of Rapid Response Labor Panelists 39
  • Article   31-A.4 Requests for Review and Remediation 40
  • Article   31-A.5 Requests for Establishment of Rapid Response Labor Panel 40
  • Article   31-A.6 Confirmation of Petition 40
  • Article   31-A.7 Verification 40
  • Article   31-A.8 Panel Process and Determination 40
  • Article   31-A.9 Consultations and Remediation 40
  • Article   31-A.10 Remedies 40
  • Article   31-A.11 Good Faith Use of the Mechanism 40
  • Article   31-A.12 Expansion of Claims 40
  • Article   31-A.13 Review of Priority Sectors 40
  • Article   31-A.14 Cooperation to Promote Compliance 40
  • Article   31-A.15 Definitions 40
  • ANNEX 31-B  CANADA-MEXICO FACILITY-SPECIFIC RAPID RESPONSE LABOR MECHANISM 40
  • Article   31-B.1 Scope and Purpose 40
  • Article   31-B.2 Denial of Rights 40
  • Article   31-B.3 Lists of Rapid Response Labor Panelists 40
  • Article   31-B.4 Requests for Review and Remediation 40
  • Article   31-B.5 Requests for Establishment of Rapid Response Labor Panel 40
  • Article   31-B.6 Confirmation of Petition 40
  • Article   31-B.7 Verification 40
  • Article   31-B.8 Panel Process and Determination 40
  • Article   31-B.9 Consultations and Remediation 40
  • Article   31-B.10 Remedies 40
  • Article   31-B.11 Good Faith Use of the Mechanism 40
  • Article   31-B.12 Expansion of Claims 40
  • Article   31-B.13 Review of Priority Sectors 40
  • Article   31-B.14 Cooperation to Promote Compliance 41
  • Article   31-B.15 Definitions 41
  • Chapter   32 EXCEPTIONS AND GENERAL PROVISIONS 41
  • Section   A Exceptions 41
  • Article   32.1 General Exceptions 41
  • Article   32.2 Essential Security 41
  • Article   32.3 Taxation Measures 41
  • Article   32.4 Temporary Safeguards Measures 41
  • Article   32.5 Indigenous Peoples Rights 41
  • Article   32.6 Cultural Industries 41
  • Section   B General Provisions 41
  • Article   32.7 Disclosure of Information 41
  • Article   32.8 Personal Information Protection  (8) 41
  • Article   32.9 Access to Information 41
  • Article   31.10 Non-Market Country FTA 41
  • Article   32.11 Specific Provision on Cross-Border Trade In Services, Investment, and State-Owned Enterprises and Designated Monopolies for Mexico 41
  • Article   32.12 Exclusion from Dispute Settlement 41
  • Chapter   33 MACROECONOMIC POLICIES AND EXCHANGE RATE MATTERS 41
  • Article   33.1 Definitions 41
  • Article   33.2 General Provisions 42
  • Article   33.3 Scope 42
  • Article   33.4 Exchange Rate Practices 42
  • Article   33.5 Transparency and Reporting 42
  • Article   33.6 Macroeconomic Committee 42
  • Article   33.7 Principal Representative Consultations 42
  • Article   33.8 Dispute Settlement 42
  • Chapter   34 FINAL PROVISIONS 42
  • Article   34.1 Transitional Provision from NAFTA 1994 42
  • Article   34.2 Annexes, Appendices, and Footnotes 42
  • Article   34.3 Amendments 42
  • Article   34.4 Amendment of the WTO Agreement 42
  • Article   34.5 Entry Into Force 42
  • Article   34.6 Withdrawal 42
  • Article   34.7 Review and Term Extension 42
  • Article   34.8 Authentic Texts 42
  • ANNEX I  EXPLANATORY NOTE 42
  • ANNEX I  SCHEDULE OF MEXICO 42
  • ANNEX I  SCHEDULE OF THE UNITED STATES 46
  • ANNEX I  SCHEDULE OF CANADA 47
  • ANNEX II  EXPLANATORY NOTE 49
  • ANNEX II  SCHEDULE OF MEXICO 49
  • ANNEX II  SCHEDULE OF THE UNITED STATES 50
  • APPENDIX II-A  United States 51
  • ANNEX II  SCHEDULE OF CANADA 51
  • APPENDIX I  Canada 52