Colombia - Mexico - Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of FTA (1994)
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Article 20-01 : The Administrative Commission.

1. The Parties create the Administrative Commission, composed of the heads of the responsible national bodies indicated in Annex 1 to this article, or by the persons designated by them. 2. It shall be the responsibility of the Commission:

a) to ensure compliance with and the correct application of the provisions of this Treaty;

b) evaluate the results achieved in the implementation of this Agreement, monitor its development and recommend to the Parties such modifications as it deems appropriate;

c) to intervene in disputes under the terms established in Chapter XIX;

d) supervise the work of all committees and working groups established in this Treaty and included in Annex 2 to this Article, which shall report to the Commission;

e) to monitor pricing practices and policies in specific sectors in order to detect those cases that could cause distortions in trade between the Parties;

f) recommend to the Parties the adoption of the necessary measures to implement its decisions; and

g) to deal with any other matter that may affect the operation of this Treaty or that may be attributed to it by any provision of this Treaty.

3. The Commission may:

a) establish and delegate responsibilities to ad hoc or standing committees, working groups and expert groups and supervise their work;

b) to seek the advice of individuals or groups with no governmental connection; and c) if agreed by the Parties, take any other action for the exercise of its functions.

4. The Commission shall establish its rules and procedures and all decisions shall be made unanimously. 5. The Commission shall meet at least once a year in regular session, which shall be chaired successively by each Party.

Article 20. National Sections.

1. The responsible national body of each Party shall designate its permanent official office or unit that shall act as the national section of that Party and shall communicate it to the other Parties:

a) the name and position of the officer in charge of its national section; and b) the address of its national section, to which communications are to be addressed.

2. The Commission shall supervise the coordinated operation of the national sections of the Parties.

3. It will correspond to the national sections:

a) to provide assistance to the Commission;

b) to provide administrative support to the arbitration tribunals;

c) on the instructions of the Commission, support the work of the other committees and groups established under this Treaty; and

d) to perform such other duties as may be entrusted to it by the Commission.

Annex 1 to Article 20-01. National Responsible National Bodies

The responsible national body of each Party shall be:

(a) in the case of Colombia, the Ministry of Foreign Trade or the body that replaces it;

(b) in the case of Mexico, the Secretaria de Comercio y Fomento Industrial or the body replacing it; and

(c) in the case of Venezuela, the Foreign Trade Institute or the body that replaces it.

Annex 2 to Article 20-01. Committees, Subcommittees and Working Groups

Committees:

-Committee on the Automotive Sector (Article 4-03)

-Committee on Agricultural Trade (Article 5-10)

-Committee on Phytosanitary and Zoosanitary Measures (Article 5-29)

-Committee on Sugar Analysis (Annex 3 to Article 5-04)

-Committee on Financial Services (Article 12-11)

-Committee on Standardization Measures (Article 14-17)

-Committee on Micro, Small and Medium Industry Committee (article 15-22)-Committee on Procurement (annex 8 to article 15-02)

-Committee on Competition (article 16-03)

-Committee on State Enterprise Practices (article 16-03)

Subcommittees 

Subcommittee on Health Standardization Measures (article 14-17)

Working Groups:

-Working Group on Technical Standards and Agricultural Marketing Standards (article 5-09)

-Working Group on Rules of Origin (article 6-17)

-Working Group on Customs Procedures (7-11)

-Working Group on Professional Services (annex 1 to article 10-02)

-Temporary Entry Working Group (article 13-06)

Chapter XXI. Transparency

Article 21-01. Information Center.

1. Each Party shall designate a unit or office as an information center to facilitate communication between the Parties on any matter covered by this Agreement.

2. When requested by a Party, the information center of another Party shall indicate the unit or official responsible for the matter and provide such support as may be required to facilitate communication with the requesting Party.

Article 21-02. Publication.

1. Each Party shall ensure that its laws, regulations, procedures and administrative rulings of general application that relate to any matter covered by this Agreement are promptly published or made available for the information of the Parties and any interested party.

2. Each Party shall endeavor to:

a) publish in advance any measure; and

b) give the Parties and any interested party a reasonable opportunity to comment on the measure.

Article 21-03. Provision of Information.

1. Each Party shall, to the extent possible, communicate to any other Party having an interest in the matter, any measure that the Party considers may substantially affect or affect the interests of that other Party under the terms of this Agreement.

2. Each Party shall, at the request of another Party, provide it with information and promptly respond to its questions concerning any measure, whether or not that other Party has previously been informed of that measure.

3. The communication or provision of information referred to in this Article shall be made without prejudice to whether or not the measure is compatible with this Treaty.

Article 21-04. Guarantees of Hearing, Legality and Due Process.

1. The Parties reaffirm the guarantees of hearing, legality and due process enshrined in their respective legislation.

2. Each Party shall maintain judicial or administrative tribunals and procedures for the review and, where appropriate, correction of final acts relating to this Agreement.

3. Each Party shall ensure that in judicial and administrative proceedings relating to the application of any measure affecting the operation of this Agreement, the essential procedural formalities are complied with, and the legal basis and grounds thereof are established.

Chapter XXII. Exceptions

Article 22-01. General Exceptions.

1. Article XX of the GATT and its interpretative notes are incorporated into and form an integral part of this Agreement for the purposes of:

(a) Chapters III through IX, except to the extent that any of their provisions apply to services or investment; and

(b) Chapter XIV, except to the extent that any of its provisions apply to services,

2. Nothing in:

(a) Chapters Ill to IX, insofar as any of their provisions apply to services;

(b) Chapter XIV, to the extent that any of its provisions apply to services; and

c) Chapters X and XI,

shall be construed to prevent any Party from adopting or enforcing measures necessary to secure compliance with laws or regulations not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, including those relating to health and safety and consumer protection; provided that such measures are not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between countries where the same conditions prevail, or a disguised restriction on trade between the Parties.

Article 22-02. National Security.

1. In addition to the provisions of Article 15-19, nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to mean:

a) oblige a Party to provide or give access to information the disclosure of which it considers contrary to its essential security interests;

b) prevent a Party from taking any action it considers necessary to protect its essential security interests:

(i) relating to trade in armaments, munitions and war materiel and to trade and transactions in goods, materials, services and technology carried out for the direct or indirect purpose of supplying a military institution or other defense establishment;

(ii) adopted in time of war or other emergency in international relations; or

(iii) relating to the implementation of national policies or international agreements on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices; or

c) prevent any Party from taking action in accordance with its obligations under the United Nations Charter for the Maintenance of International Peace and Security.

Article 22-03. Disclosure of Information.

Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to require a Party to furnish or give access to information the disclosure of which would impede compliance with the laws of the Party or would be contrary to its Constitution or

laws regarding, inter alia, the protection of privacy of individuals, financial affairs and bank accounts of individual customers of financial institutions.

Chapter XXIII. Final Provisions

Article 23-01. Annexes.

The annexes to this Agreement constitute an integral part of this Agreement.

Article 23-02. Amendments.

1. The Parties may agree on any modification or addition to this Agreement. 2. The agreed modifications and additions shall enter into force once they are approved according to the corresponding legal procedures of each Party and shall constitute an integral part of this Agreement.

Article 23-03. Convergence.

The Parties shall promote the convergence of this Treaty with other integration agreements of Latin American countries, in accordance with the mechanisms established in the Treaty of Montevideo 1980.

Article 23-04. Entry Into Force.

1. This Agreement shall enter into force on January 1, 1995, once the communications certifying that the necessary legal formalities have been completed have been exchanged.

2. Paragraph 1 does not preclude a Party, in accordance with its law, from giving provisional application to this Agreement.

Article 23-05. Validity.

This Treaty shall have a minimum term of three years. Once this period has elapsed, its duration shall be indefinite.

Article 23-06. Reservations.

This Treaty shall not be subject to reservations or interpretative declarations at the time of its ratification.

Article 23-07. Accession.

1. This Treaty shall be open to accession by the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean, either for a country or group of countries, subject to prior negotiation between that country or group of countries and the Parties.

2. The accession will enter into force once the communications certifying that the legal formalities have been completed have been exchanged.

Article 23-08. Denounciation.

1. Any Party may denounce this Agreement. Such denunciation shall take effect 180 days after communicating it to the other Parties and communicating the denunciation to the General Secretariat of LAIA, without prejudice that the Parties may agree on a different term.

2. The denunciation of this Agreement by a Party does not affect its effectiveness between the other Parties.

Article 23-09. Evaluation of the Treaty.

The Parties shall periodically evaluate the development of this Agreement in order to seek its improvement and consolidate the integration process in the region, promoting an active participation of the productive sectors.

Conclusion

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  • Chapter   I Initial Provisions. 1
  • Article   1-01 Objectives 1
  • Article   1-02 Relationship with other International Treaties. 1
  • Article   1-03 Relations between Colombia and Venezuela. 1
  • Article   1-04 Compliance with the Treaty. 1
  • Article   1-05 Succession of Treaties. 1
  • Chapter   II General Definitions 1
  • Article   2-01 Definitions of General Application 1
  • Chapter   III National Treatment and Market Access for Goods 1
  • Section   A Definitions 1
  • Article   3-01 Definitions. 1
  • Section   B Scope of Application and National Treatment 1
  • Article   3-02 Scope of Application. 1
  • Article   3-03 National Treatment. 1
  • Section   C Import Taxes 1
  • Article   3-04 Import Tax Exemption. 1
  • Article   3-05 Customs Valuation. 1
  • Article   3-06 Temporary Importation of Goods. 1
  • Article   3-07 Importation of Samples with No Commercial Value. 1
  • Article   3-08 Temporary Flexibility Levels for Certain Goods Classified In Chapters 51 to 63 of the Harmonized System 1
  • Section   D Non-Tariff Measures 1
  • Article   3-09 Import and Export Restrictions. 1
  • Article   3-10 Customs Duties. 1
  • Article   3-11 Export Taxes. 1
  • Article   3-12 Country of Origin Marking. 1
  • Article   3-13 Publication and Communication. 1
  • Chapter   IV Automotive Sector 2
  • Article   4-01 Definitions. 2
  • Article   4-02 Scope of Application. 2
  • Article   4-03 Automotive Sector Committee. 2
  • Article   4-04 Elimination of Import Taxes. 2
  • Article   4-05 Rules of Origin. 2
  • Article   4-06 Performance Requirements. 2
  • Article   4-07 Used Automotive Goods. 2
  • Article   4-08 Extension of the PAR. 2
  • Chapter   V Agricultural Sector and Phytosanitary and Zoosanitary Measures 2
  • Section   A Agricultural Sector 2
  • Article   5-01 Definitions. 2
  • Article   5-02 Scope of Application. 2
  • Article   5-03 Intergovernmental Agreements. 2
  • Article   5-04 Access to Markets. 2
  • Article   5-05 Special Safeguards. 2
  • Article   5-06 Refund of Import Taxes on Products Exported Under Identical or Similar Conditions. 2
  • Article   5-07 Internal Support Measures. 2
  • Article   5-08 Export Subsidies. 2
  • Article   5-09 Technical and Agricultural Marketing Standards. 2
  • Article   5-10 Agricultural Trade Committee. 2
  • Section   B Phytosanitary and Zoosanitary Measures 2
  • Article   5-11 Definitions. 2
  • Article   5-12 Scope of application. 3
  • Article   5-13 Right to adopt phytosanitary and zoosanitary measures. 3
  • Article   5-14 Right to set the level of protection. 3
  • Article   5-15 Scientific principles. 3
  • Article   5-16 Non-discriminatory treatment. 3
  • Article   5-17 Unnecessary Obstacles. 3
  • Article   5-18 Covert restrictions. 3
  • Article   5-19 Action by non-governmental organizations. 3
  • Article   5-20 International standards and international standardization organizations. 3
  • Article   5-21 Equivalence. 3
  • Article   5-22 Risk assessment and adequate level of protection. 3
  • Article   5-23 Adaptation to regional conditions. 3
  • Article   5-24 Control, inspection and approval procedures. 3
  • Article   5-25 Communication, publication and provision of information. 3
  • Article   5-26 Information centers. 3
  • Article   5-27 Technical cooperation. 3
  • Article   5-28 Limitations on the provision of information. 3
  • Article   5-29 Committee on phytosanitary and zoosanitary measures. 3
  • Article   5-30 Technical consultations 3
  • Chapter   VI Rules of Origin 3
  • Article   6-01 Definitions 3
  • Article   6-02 Interpretation and Application. 4
  • Article   6-03 Originating Goods. 4
  • Article   6-04 Value of Regional Content. 4
  • Article   6-05 Value of Non-originating Materials. 4
  • Article   6-06 De Minimis. 4
  • Article   6-07 Intermediate Materials. 4
  • Article   6-08 Accumulation. 4
  • Article   6-09 Expendable Property and Materials. 4
  • Article   6-10 Sets or Assortments. 4
  • Article   6-11 Non-origin Conferring Transactions and Practices. 4
  • Article   6-12 Transshipment and Direct Shipment. 4
  • Article   6-13 Indirect Materials. 4
  • Article   6-14 Accessories, Spare Parts and Tools. 4
  • Article   6-15 Containers and Packaging Materials for Retail Sale. 4
  • Article   6-16 Containers and packing materials for shipment. 5
  • Article   6-17 Consultation and modifications. 5
  • Article   6-18 Regional content provisions. 5
  • Article   6-19 Special provisions. 5
  • Article   6-20 Regional Input Integration Committee. 5
  • Article   6-21 Functions of CIRI. 5
  • Article   6-22 Procedure. 5
  • Article   6-23 Opinion to the Commission. 5
  • Article   6.24 Resolution of the Commission. 5
  • Article   6-25 Referral to the Commission. 5
  • Article   6-26 Operating Regulations. 5
  • Chapter   VII Customs Procedures 5
  • Article   7-01 Definitions 5
  • Article   7-02 Declaration and certification of origin. 5
  • Article   7-03 Obligations with respect to imports. 5
  • Article   7-04 Obligations with respect to exports. 5
  • Article   7-05 Exceptions. 5
  • Article   7-06 Accounting records. 5
  • Article   7-07 Procedures to verify origin. 5
  • Article   7-08 Review and challenge. 5
  • Article   7-09 Sanctions. 5
  • Article   7-10 Anticipated criteria. 5
  • Article   7-11 Customs Procedures Working Group. 6
  • Chapter   VIII Safeguards 6
  • Article   8-01 Definitions. 6
  • Article   8-02 Safeguard regime. 6
  • Section   A Bilateral Measures. 6
  • Article   8-03 Conditions of application. 6
  • Article   8-04 Compensation for bilateral measures. 6
  • Section   B Overall Measures 6
  • Article   8-05 Rights under GATT. 6
  • Article   8-06 Criteria for the adoption of a measure. 6
  • Article   8-07 Compensation for global measures. 6
  • Section   C Procedure 6
  • Article   8-08 Adoption procedure. 6
  • Article   8-09 Investigation. 6
  • Article   8-10 Determination of damage. 6
  • Article   8-11 Effect of other factors. 6
  • Article   8-12 Publication and communication. 6
  • Article   8-13 Content of the communication. 6
  • Article   8-14 Prior consultations. 6
  • Article   8-15 Confidential information. 6
  • Article   8-16 Remarks by the exporting Party. 6
  • Article   8-17 Extension. 6
  • Chapter   IX Unfair international trade practices 6
  • Article   9-01 Definitions. 6
  • Article   9-02 Export Subsidies. 6
  • Article   9-03 Compensatory fees. 6
  • Article   9-04 Minimum margins. 6
  • Article   9-05 Communications and deadlines. 6
  • Article   9-06 Contents of the resolutions. 6
  • Article   9-07 Rights and obligations of the interested parties. 6
  • Article   9-08 Clarifications. 6
  • Article   9-09 Conciliation hearings. 6
  • Article   9-10 Revision. 6
  • Article   9-11 Validity of countervailing duties. 6
  • Article   9-12 Access to the file. 6
  • Article   9-13 Dispatch of copies. 6
  • Article   9-14 Information meetings. 6
  • Article   9-15 Other rights of interested parties. 6
  • Article   9-16 Publication. 6
  • Article   9-17 Access to other files. 6
  • Article   9-18 Reimbursement or reimbursement. 6
  • Article   9-19 Time limits for provisional measures. 6
  • Article   9-20 Reforms to national legislation. 6
  • Article   9-21 Substantiation of the procedure. 7
  • Article   9-22 Settlement of disputes. 7
  • Chapter   X General Principles on Trade in Services 7
  • Article   10-01 Definitions 7
  • Article   10-02 Scope of application. 7
  • Article   10-03 Transparency. 7
  • Article   10-04 National treatment. 7
  • Article   10-05 Most favored nation treatment. 7
  • Article   10-06 Local presence not mandatory. 7
  • Article   10-07 Consolidation of measures. 7
  • Article   10-08 Non-discriminatory quantitative restrictions. 7
  • Article   10-09 Future release. 7
  • Article   10-10 Release of non-discriminatory measures. 7
  • Article   10-11 Reciprocity and global balance. 7
  • Article   10-12 Procedures. 7
  • Article   10-13 Technical cooperation. 7
  • Article   10-14 Granting of licenses and certificates. 7
  • Article   10-15 Denial of benefits. 7
  • Chapter   XI Telecommunications 7
  • Article   11-01 Definitions 7
  • Article   11-02 General principles. 7
  • Article   11-03 Scope of application. 7
  • Article   11-04 Access to and use of public telecommunications transport networks and services. 7
  • Article   11-05 Conditions for the provision of value-added services. 7
  • Article   11-08 Measures relating to standardization. 7
  • Article   11-07 Monopolies. 8
  • Article   11-08 Relationship with international organizations and agreements. 8
  • Article   11-09 Technical cooperation. 8
  • Article   11-10 Transparency. 8
  • Article   11-11 Denial of benefits. 8
  • Article   11-12 Schedule for the release of value-added services. 8
  • Article   11-13 Other provisions. 8
  • Chapter   XII Financial Services 8
  • Article   12-01 Definitions. 8
  • Article   12-02 Scope of application. 8
  • Article   12-03 Self-regulated organizations. 8
  • Article   12-04 Right of establishment. 8
  • Article   12-05 Cross-border trade. 8
  • Article   12-06 National treatment. 8
  • Article   12-07 Most favored nation treatment. 8
  • Article   12-08 Recognition and harmonization. 8
  • Article   12-09 Exceptions. 8
  • Article   12-10 Transparency. 8
  • Article   12-11 Financial Services Committee. 8
  • Article   12-12 Consultations. 8
  • Article   12-13 New financial services and data processing. 8
  • Article   12-14 Senior management and management bodies. 8
  • Article   12-15 Preparation of reservations. 9
  • Article   12-16 Denial of benefits. 9
  • Article   12-17 Transfers. 9
  • Article   12-18 Balance of payments and safeguard. 9
  • Article   12-19 Settlement of disputes between the Parties. 9
  • Article   12-20 Disputes between an investor and a Party. 9
  • Chapter   XIII Temporary entry of business persons 9
  • Article   13-01 Definitions 9
  • Article   13-02 General principles. 9
  • Article   13-03 General obligations. 9
  • Article   13-04 Authorization of temporary entry. 9
  • Article   13-05 Availability of information. 9
  • Article   13-06 Working Group. 9
  • Article   13-07 Settlement of disputes. 9
  • Article   13-08 Relationship with other chapters. 9
  • Annex to Article 13-04  Business persons 9
  • Section   A Business Visitors 9
  • Section   B Investors 9
  • Section   C Transfer of personnel within a company 9
  • Section   D Professionals 9
  • Appendix to Section A of the Annex to Article 13-04  Categories of Business Visitors 9
  • Chapter   XIV Technical Standards 10
  • Article   14-01 Definitions. 10
  • Article   14-02 Scope of application. 10
  • Article   14-03 Scope of obligations. 10
  • Article   14-04 Reaffirmation of international rights and obligations. 10
  • Article   14-05 Basic obligations and rights. 10
  • Article   14-06 Use of international standards. 10
  • Article   14-07 Compatibility and equivalence. 10
  • Article   14-08 Conformity assessment. 10
  • Article   14-09 Publication and provision of information. 10
  • Article   14-10 Information centers. 10
  • Article   14-11 Limitations on the provision of information. 10
  • Article   14-12 Metrological standards. 10
  • Article   14-13 Health protection. 10
  • Article   14-14 Risk assessment. 10
  • Article   14-15 Handling of hazardous substances. 10
  • Article   14-16 Labeling. 10
  • Article   14-17 Committee for standardization measures. 10
  • Article   14-18 Technical Consultations. 11
  • Chapter   XV Public Sector Procurement 11
  • Section   A Scope of Application and National Treatment 11
  • Article   15-01 Definitions. 11
  • Article   15-02 Scope of Application and Coverage of Obligations. 11
  • Article   15-03 Valuation of Contracts. 11
  • Article   15-04 National Treatment and Non-discrimination, and Most Favored Nation Treatment. 11
  • Article   15-05 Rules of Origin. 11
  • Article   15-06 Denial of Benefits. 11
  • Article   15-07 Prohibition of Special Compensatory Conditions. 11
  • Article   15-08 Technical Specifications. 11
  • Section   B Bidding Procedures 11
  • Article   15-09 Bidding Procedures. 11
  • Article   15-10 Qualification of Suppliers. 11
  • Article   15-11 Invitation to Participate. 11
  • Article   15-12 Selective bidding procedures. 12
  • Section   B Bidding Procedures 12
  • Article   15-13 Time limits for bidding and delivery. 12
  • Article   15-14 Bidding conditions. 12
  • Article   15-15 Submission, receipt and opening of bids and award of contracts. 12
  • Article   15-16 Restricted bidding. 12
  • Section   C Challenge and Dispute Resolution Procedures. 12
  • Article   15-17 Challenge procedures. 12
  • Article   15-18 Settlement of disputes. 12
  • Section   D General Provisions 12
  • Article   15-19 Exceptions. 12
  • Article   15-20 Provision of information 12
  • Article   15-21 Technical Cooperation. 13
  • Article   15-22 Joint participation programs for micro, small and medium industry. 13
  • Article   15-23 Rectifications or modifications. 13
  • Article   15-24 Disposal of entities. 13
  • Article   15-25 Future negotiations. 13
  • Article   15-26 Protocols annexed. 13
  • Chapter   XVI Policy with respect to state enterprises 13
  • Article   16-01 Definitions. 13
  • Article   16-02 Monopolies and state enterprises. 13
  • Article   16-03 Committees. 13
  • Chapter   XVII Investment 13
  • Section   A Investment 13
  • Article   17-01 Definitions 13
  • Article   17-02 Scope of Application. 13
  • Article   17-03 National Treatment and Most-Favored Nation Treatment. 13
  • Article   17-04 Performance requirements. 13
  • Article   17-05 Employment and Business Management. 13
  • Article   17-06 Preparation of Reservations 13
  • Article   17-07 Transfers. 13
  • Article   17-08 Expropriation and Compensation. 13
  • Article   17-09 Special Formalities and Information Requirements 14
  • Article   17-10 Relationship with other Chapters 14
  • Article   17-11 Denial of Benefits. 14
  • Article   17-12 Extraterritorial Application of the Legislation of a Party. 14
  • Article   17-13 Measures Relating to the Environment. 14
  • Article   17-14 Investment Promotion and Information Exchange. 14
  • Article   17-15 Double Taxation. 14
  • Section   B Dispute Settlement between a Party and an Investor of another Party 14
  • Article   17-16 Objective and Scope of Application. 14
  • Article   17-17 Requirements for the Filing of a Claim. 14
  • Article   17-18 Communication and Submission of the Claim to Arbitration. 14
  • Article   17-19 Consolidation of Proceedings. 14
  • Article   17-20 Applicable Law 14
  • Article   17-21 Final Award 14
  • Article   17-22 Payments under insurance or guarantee contracts. 14
  • Article   17-23 Finality and enforcement of the award. 14
  • Article   17-24 Exclusions. 14
  • Annex to Article 17-08  14
  • Annex to Article 17.16  Rules of procedure 14
  • Chapter   XVIII Intellectual Property 14
  • Section   A General Provisions. 14
  • Article   18-01 Basic principles. 14
  • Section   B Copyright and related rights. 15
  • Article   18-02 Basic principles. 15
  • Article   18-03 Category of works. 15
  • Article   18-04 Content of copyrights. 15
  • Article   18-05 Performers' rights. 15
  • Article   18-06 Phonograms. 15
  • Article   18-07 Rights of radio broadcasting organizations. 15
  • Section   C Industrial Property 15
  • Article   18-08 Subject matter of trademark protection 15
  • Article   18-09 Rights conferred by trademarks. 15
  • Article   18-10 Well-known trademarks. 15
  • Article   18-11 Signs not registrable as trademarks. 15
  • Article   18-12 Publication of the application or registration of trademarks. 15
  • Article   18-13 Cancellation, revocation or nullity of registration of trademarks. 15
  • Article   18-14 Duration of trademark protection. 15
  • Article   18-15 Licenses and assignment of trademarks. 15
  • Article   18-16 Protection of appellations of origin and geographical indications 15
  • Article   18-17 Protection of industrial secrets. 15
  • Article   18-18 Information not considered as industrial secret. 15
  • Article   18-19 Support of the industrial secret. 15
  • Article   18-20 Validity of trade secret protection. 15
  • Article   18-21 Obligations of the user of a trade secret. 15
  • Article   18-22 Data protection of pharmochemical or agrochemical goods. 15
  • Article   18-23 Protection of plant varieties. 15
  • Section   D Technology Transfer. 15
  • Article   18-24 Promotion of technology transfer. 15
  • Section   E Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights. 15
  • Article   18-25 Application of existing guarantees. 15
  • Article   18-26 Guiding principles. 15
  • Article   18-27 Essential procedural guarantees. 15
  • Article   18-28 Measures to prevent or repair damage. 15
  • Article   18-29 Compensation and costs. 16
  • Article   18-30 Administrative procedures. 16
  • Article   18-31 Criminal proceedings. 16
  • Article   18-32 Enforcement of intellectual property rights at the border. 16
  • Article   18-33 Withholding procedures initiated ex officio. 16
  • Article   18-34 Applicable principles. 16
  • Chapter   XIX Settlement of Disputes. 16
  • Article   19-01 Cooperation. 16
  • Article   19-02 Scope of application. 16
  • Article   19-03 Dispute settlement under GATT. 16
  • Article   19-04 Dispute settlement under the Cartagena Agreement. 16
  • Article   19-05 Consultations. 16
  • Article   19-06 Intervention of the Commission, good offices, conciliation and mediation. 16
  • Article   19-07 Recourse to the arbitral tribunal. 16
  • Article   19-08 List of Arbitrators. 16
  • Article   19-09 Constitution of the arbitral tribunal. 16
  • Article   19-10 Challenge 16
  • Article   19-11 Remuneration and payment of costs. 16
  • Article   19-12 Rules of procedure. 16
  • Article   19-13 Participation of the third party. 16
  • Article   19-14 Preliminary decision. 16
  • Article   19-15 Final decision. 16
  • Article   19-16 Compliance with the final decision. 16
  • Article   19-17 Suspension of benefits. 16
  • Article   19-18 Interpretation by the Commission. 16
  • Article   19-19 Alternative means of dispute resolution. 16
  • Annex to Article 19-02  Nullification and impairment 16
  • Chapter   XX Administration of the Treaty 17
  • Article   20 National Sections. 17
  • Annex 1 to Article 20-01  National Responsible National Bodies 17
  • Annex 2 to Article 20-01  Committees, Subcommittees and Working Groups 17
  • Chapter   XXI Transparency 17
  • Article   21-01 Information Center. 17
  • Article   21-02 Publication. 17
  • Article   21-03 Provision of Information. 17
  • Article   21-04 Guarantees of Hearing, Legality and Due Process. 17
  • Chapter   XXII Exceptions 17
  • Article   22-01 General Exceptions. 17
  • Article   22-02 National Security. 17
  • Article   22-03 Disclosure of Information. 17
  • Chapter   XXIII Final Provisions 17
  • Article   23-01 Annexes. 17
  • Article   23-02 Amendments. 17
  • Article   23-03 Convergence. 17
  • Article   23-04 Entry Into Force. 17
  • Article   23-05 Validity. 17
  • Article   23-06 Reservations. 17
  • Article   23-07 Accession. 17
  • Article   23-08 Denounciation. 17
  • Article   23-09 Evaluation of the Treaty. 17