Australia - Indonesia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (2019)
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Article 12.8. Dispute Settlement

Neither Party shall have recourse to dispute settlement under Chapter 20 (Consultations and Dispute Settlement) regarding a refusal to grant temporary entry unless:

(a) the matter involves a pattern of practice; and
(b) the natural persons affected have exhausted all available domestic remedies regarding the particular matter.

Article 12.9. Future Work Program on Contractual Service Suppliers

Unless the Parties otherwise agree, the Parties may decide to commence negotiations within three years of entry into force of this Agreement with a view to making mutually advantageous commitments on contractual service suppliers. The Parties shall make their best endeavours to complete the negotiations within two years of initiating them. 

Chapter 13. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE

Article 13.1. Definitions for the Purposes of this Chapter:

computing facilities means computer servers and storage devices for processing or storing information for commercial use;

covered person means:

(i) a service supplier of the other Party within the meaning of Chapter 9 (Trade in Services);

(ii) an  investor of a Party as defined in Chapter 14 (Investment), excluding an investor in a financial institution; or

(iii) a covered investment as defined in Chapter 1 (Initial Provisions and General Definitions),

but does not include a “financial institution” or a “financial service supplier” as defined in Chapter 10 (Financial Services), or a credit reporting body;

electronic authentication means the process of testing an electronic statement or claim in order to establish a level of confidence in the statement’s or claim’s reliability;

electronic transmission or transmitted electronically means a transmission made using any electromagnetic means, including by photonic means; (1)

electronic version of a document means a document in an electronic format prescribed by a Party, including a document sent by facsimile transmission;

personal information means any information, including data or opinions, about an identified or identifiable natural person;

trade administration documents means forms issued or controlled by a Party which must be completed by or for an importer or exporter in relation to the import or export of goods; and

unsolicited commercial electronic message means an electronic message which is sent for commercial or marketing purposes to an electronic address, without the consent of the recipient or despite the explicit rejection of the recipient, through an Internet access service supplier or, to the extent provided for under the laws and regulations of each Party, other telecommunications service.

(1) This definition is without prejudice to whether electronic transmissions should be characterised as goods or services.

Article 13.2. Scope and General Provisions

1. The Parties recognise the economic growth and opportunities provided by electronic commerce and the importance of frameworks that promote consumer confidence in electronic commerce and of facilitating its use and development.

2. This Chapter shall apply to measures adopted or maintained by a Party that affect trade by electronic means.

3. This Chapter shall not apply to government procurement.

4. Article 13.11, Article 13.12, and Article 13.13 shall not apply to information held or processed by or on behalf ofa Party, or measures related to such information, including measures related to its collection.

5. For greater certainty, this Chapter may apply to a measure that is also subject to Chapter 9 (Trade in Services), Chapter 14 (Investment) or Chapter 10 (Financial Services).

6. To the extent that such a measure is adopted or maintained in accordance with Article 9.7 (Non-Conforming Measures) of Chapter 9 (Trade in Services) or Article 14.14 (Non-Conforming Measures) of Chapter 14 (Investment) or an exception in Chapter 9 (Trade in Services), Chapter 10 (Financial Services) or Chapterl4 (Investment), it shall not give rise to a violation of Article 13.11, Article 13.12 or Article 13.13.

Article 13.3. Cooperation

1. Recognising the global nature of electronic commerce, each Party shall endeavour to:

(a) work together to assist micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (2) to overcome obstacles to its use;

(b) exchange information and share experiences on regulations, policies, enforcement and compliance regarding electronic commerce, for example:

(i) personal information protection;

(ii) online consumer protection, including means for consumer redress and building consumer confidence;

(iii) unsolicited commercial electronic messages;
(iv) security in electronic communications;

(v) authentication; and

(vi) e-government service delivery;

(c) exchange information and share views on consumer access to products and services offered online;

(d) participate actively in regional and multilateral fora to promote the development of electronic commerce, including in relation to the development and application of international standards for electronic commerce; and
(e) encourage development by the private sector of methods of self-regulation that foster electronic commerce, including codes of conduct, model contracts, guidelines and enforcement mechanisms.

2. In relation to cyber security, each Party recognises the importance of:
(a) building and maintaining the capabilities of their national entities responsible for computer security incident response, including through exchange of best practices; and
(b) using existing collaboration mechanisms to cooperate to identify and mitigate malicious intrusions or dissemination of malicious code that affect the electronic networks of the Parties.

(2) As defined by each Party.

Article 13.4. Paperless Trading

1. Each Party shall endeavour to make electronic versions of its trade administration documents publicly available.

2. Each Party shall accept electronic versions of its trade administration documents as the legal equivalent of paper documents except where:

(a) there is a domestic or international legal requirement to the contrary; or

(b) doing so would reduce the effectiveness of the trade administration process.

3. The Parties shall cooperate bilaterally and in international fora to enhance the acceptance of electronic versions of trade administration documents.

Article 13.5. Electronic Authentication and Electronic Signatures

1. Except in circumstances otherwise provided for under its law, a Party shall not deny the legal validity of a signature solely on the basis that the signature is in electronic form.

2. Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures based on international norms for electronic authentication that:

(a) permit participants in electronic transactions to determine the appropriate authentication technologies and implementation models for their electronic transactions;

(b) do not limit the recognition of authentication technologies and implementation models; and

(c) permit participants in electronic transactions to have the opportunity to prove that their electronic transactions comply with the Party's laws and regulations.

3. Notwithstanding paragraph 2, a Party may require that, for a particular category of transactions, the method of authentication meets certain performance standards or is certified by an authority accredited in accordance with its law.

4. The Parties shall encourage the use of interoperable electronic authentication.

Article 13.6. Online Consumer Protection

1. The Parties recognise the importance of adopting and maintaining transparent and effective measures to protect consumers from fraudulent and deceptive commercial activities, when they engage in electronic commerce.

2. For the purposes of this Article, fraudulent and deceptive commercial activities refers to those fraudulent and deceptive commercial practices that cause actual harm to consumers, or that pose an imminent threat of such harm if not prevented, for example:

(a) a practice of making misrepresentations of material fact, including implied factual misrepresentations, that cause significant detriment to the economic interests of misled consumers;

(b) a practice of failing to deliver products or provide services to consumers after the consumers are charged; or

(c) a practice of charging or debiting consumers' financial, telephone or other accounts without authorisation.

3. Each Party shall adopt or maintain consumer protection laws to proscribe fraudulent and deceptive commercial activities that cause harm or potential harm to consumers engaged in online commercial activities.

4. The Parties recognise the importance of cooperation between their respective national consumer protection agencies or other relevant bodies on activities related to cross-border electronic commerce in order to enhance consumer welfare and affirm that the cooperation under Article 16.5 of Chapter 16 (Competition) includes cooperation with respect to online commercial activities.

Article 13.7. Protection of Personal Information

1. The Parties recognise the economic and social benefits of protecting the personal information of users of electronic commerce and the contribution that this makes to enhancing consumer confidence in electronic commerce.

2. To this end, each Party shall adopt or maintain a legal framework that provides for the protection of the personal information of the users of electronic commerce. In the development of its legal framework for the protection of personal information, each Party should take into account principles and guidelines of relevant international bodies.

3. Each Party shall endeavour to adopt non-discriminatory practices in protecting users of electronic commerce from personal information protection violations occurring within its jurisdiction.

4. Recognising that the Parties may take different legal approaches to protecting personal information, each Party should encourage the development of mechanisms to promote compatibility between these different regimes. These mechanisms may include the recognition of regulatory outcomes, whether accorded autonomously or by mutual atrangement, or broader international frameworks. To this end, the Parties shall endeavour to exchange information on any such mechanisms applied in their jurisdictions and explore ways to extend these or other suitable arrangements to promote compatibility between them.

Article 13.8. Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Messages

1. Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures regarding unsolicited commercial electronic messages that:

(a) require suppliers of unsolicited commercial electronic messages to facilitate the ability of recipients to prevent ongoing reception of those messages;

(b) require the consent, as specified according to the laws and regulations of each Party, of recipients to receive commercial electronic messages; or

(c) otherwise provide for the minimisation of unsolicited commercial electronic messages.

2. Each Party shall provide recourse against suppliers of unsolicited commercial electronic messages that do not comply with the measures adopted or maintained in accordance with paragraph 1.

3. The Parties shall endeavour to cooperate in appropriate cases of mutual concern regarding the regulation of unsolicited commercial electronic messages.

Article 13.9. Domestic Regulatory Frameworks

1. Each Party shall maintain a legal framework governing electronic transactions consistent with the principles of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce 1996 or the United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts, done at New York, November 23, 2005.

2. Each Party shall endeavour to:
(a) avoid any unnecessary regulatory burden on electronic transactions; and
(b) facilitate input by interested persons in the development of its legal framework for electronic transactions.

Article 13.10. Transparency

1. Each Party recognises that transparent regulations and policies are important for trade facilitation, creating a conducive environment for electronic commerce and promoting cross-border electronic commerce.

2. Each Party shall publish information on the rights of, and protections it provides for, users of electronic commerce, including information on:

(a) how individuals can pursue remedies; and
(b) how businesses can comply with legal requirements.

3. Each Party shall encourage enterprises to publish, including on the internet, their policies and procedures related to protection of personal information.

4. Each Party shall publish the names and addresses of the competent authorities responsible for measures related to electronic commerce.

5. Each Party shall ensure that, where information is required to be published in accordance with provisions of this Chapter, such information will be published on the internet.

Article 13.11. Cross-Border Transfer of Information by Electronic Means

1. The Parties recognise that each Party may have its own regulatory requirements concerning the transfer of information by electronic means.

2. Each Party shall allow the cross-border transfer of information by electronic means, including personal information, when this activity is for the conduct of the business of a covered person.

3. Nothing in this Article shall prevent a Party from adopting or maintaining:

(a) measures inconsistent with paragraph 2 to achieve a legitimate public policy objective, provided that the measure is not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised testriction on trade; or

(b) any measure that it considers necessary for protection of its essential security interests.

Article 13.12. Location of Computing Facilities

1. The Parties recognise that each Party may have its own regulatory requirements regarding the use of computing facilities, including requirements that seek to ensure the security and confidentiality of communications.

2. Neither Party shall require a covered person to use or locate computing facilities in that Party’s territory as a condition for conducting business in that territory, except where such a measure exists at the date of entry into force of this Agreement. A Party may promptly renew a measure in existence at the date of entry into force of this Agreement or amend such a measure to make it less trade restrictive, at any time. Where  a Party amends such a measure to make it less trade restrictive, it shall not subsequently amend that measure to make it more trade restrictive than it was immediately before that amendment.

3. Nothing in this Article shall prevent a Party from adopting or maintaining:

(a) measures inconsistent with paragraph 2 to achieve a legitimate public policy objective, provided that the measure is not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised testriction on trade; or

(b) any measure that it considers necessary for the protection of its essential security interests.

Article 13.13. Source Code

1. Neither Party shall require the transfer of, or access to, source code of software owned by a person of another Party, as a condition for the import, distribution, sale or use of such software, or of products containing such software, in its territory.

2. For the purposes of this Article, software subject to paragraph 1 is limited to mass- market software or products containing such software and does not include software used for critical infrastructure, or software that is specifically made for use by a Party.

3. Nothing in this Article shall preclude:

(a) the inclusion or implementation of terms and conditions related to the provision of source code in commercially negotiated contracts; or

(b) a Party from requiring the modification of source code of software necessary for that software to comply with laws or regulations which are not inconsistent with this Agreement.

4. This Article shall not be construed to affect requirements that relate to patent applications or granted patents, including any orders made by a judicial authority in relation to patent disputes, subject to safeguards against unauthorised disclosure under the law or practice of a Party.

5. Nothing in this Article shall prevent a Party from adopting or maintaining any measures that it considers necessary for the protection of its essential security interests.

Chapter 14. Investment

Section A.

Article 14.1. Definitions

For the purposes of this Chapter:

enterprise means an enterprise as defined in Article 1.4 (General Definitions) of Chapter 1 (Initial Provisions and General Definitions), and a branch of such an enterprise;

enterprise of a Party means an enterprise constituted or organised in accordance with the laws of a Party, and carrying out business activities there;

freely usable currency means "freely usable currency" as determined by the International Monetary Fund under its Articles of Agreement;

government procurement means the process by which a government obtains the use of or acquires goods or services, or any combination thereof, for governmental purposes and not with a view to commercial sale or resale or use in the production or supply of goods or services for commercial sale or resale;

investment (1)(2) means every asset that an investor owns or controls, that has the characteristics of an investment, including such characteristics as the commitment of capital or other resources, the expectation of gain or profit or the assumption of risk. Forms that an investment may take include:

(i) an enterprise;

(ii) shares, stocks and other forms of equity participation in an enterprise;

(iii) bonds, debentures and other debt instruments and loans;(3) (4)

(iv) intellectual property rights;

(v) claims to money or to any contractual performance related to a business and having financial value; (5)

(vi) turkey, construction, management, production concession, revenue-sharing and other similar contracts;

(vii) licences, authorisations, permits and similar rights conferred in accordance with the Party's laws; (6) and

(viii) other tangible or intangible, moveable or immovable property, and related property rights, such as leases, mortgages, liens and pledges.

investor of a Party means a Party, or a natural person of a Party or an enterprise of a Party, that seeks to make, (7) is making, or has made an investment in the territory of the other Party; and

investor of a non-Party means, with respect to a Party, an investor that seeks to make, is making, or has made an investment in the territory of that Party, that is not an investor of the other Party; and

TRIPS Agreement means the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights in Annex 1C to the WTO Agreement.

(1) The term "investment" does not include an order or judgment entered in a judicial or administrative action or an arbitral award made in an arbitral proceeding.
(2) For the purpose of the definition of investment in this Article, returns that are invested shall be treated as investments and any alteration of the form in which assets are invested or reinvested shall not affect their character as investments;
(3) Some forms of debt, such as bonds, debentures and long-term notes, are more likely to have the characteristics of an investment, while other forms of debt, such as claims to payment that are immediately due and result from the sale of goods or services, are less likely to have such characteristics.
(4) A loan issued by one Party to the other Party is not an investment.
(5) For greater certainty, investment does not mean claims to money that arise solely from (a) commercial contracts for sale of goods or services; or (b) the extension of credit in connection with such commercial contracts.
(6) Whether a particular type of licence, authorisation, permit or similar instrument (including a concession to the extent that it has the nature of such an instrument) has the characteristics of an investment depends on such factors as the nature and extent of the rights that the holder has under the Party's law. Among such instruments that do not have the characteristics of an investment are those that do not create any rights protected under the Party's law. For greater certainty, the foregoing is without prejudice to whether any asset associated with such instruments has the characteristics of an investment.
(7) For greater certainty, the Parties understand that an investor that “seeks to make” an investment refers to an investor of the other Party that has taken active steps to make an investment. Where a notification or approval process is required for making an investment, an investor that “seeks to make” an investment refers to an investor of the other Party that has initiated such notification or approval process.

Article 14.2. Scope

1. This Chapter shall apply to measures adopted or maintained by a Party relating to:

(a) investors of the other Party;

(b) covered investments; and

(c) for Article 14.6, all investments in the territory of that Party.

2. A Party’s obligations under this Chapter shall apply to measures adopted or maintained by:

(a) central, regional or local governments and authorities; and

(b) any person, including a state-owned enterprise or any other body, when it exercises any governmental authority delegated to it by central, regional or local governments or authorities of that Party. (8) 

3. This Chapter shall not apply to:

(a) government procurement; or

(b) subsidies or grants provided by a Party, including government- supported loans, guarantees and insurance.

4. For greater certainty, this Chapter shall not bind a Party in relation to an act or fact that took place or a situation that ceased to exist before the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

(8) For greater certainty, governmental authority is delegated under a Party’s law, including through a legislative grant or a government order, directive or other action transferring or authorising the exercise of governmental authority.

Article 14.3. Relation to other Chapters

1. This Chapter shall not apply to measures adopted or maintained by a Party to the extent that they are covered by Chapter 9 (Trade in Services) or Chapter 10 (Financial Services).

2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, the following provisions shall apply to any measure affecting the supply of a service by a service supplier of a Party through commercial presence in the territory of the other Party within the meaning of Chapter 9 (Trade in Services) and Chapter 10 (Financial Services) to the extent that the measure falls within the scope of this Chapter:

(a) Articles 14.4 through 14.16;

(b) Section B (Investor-State Dispute Settlement); and

(c) Annex 14-A, Annex 14-B, Annex 14-C and Annex 14-D.

3. Further to paragraph 2, for the purposes of the application of Article 14.14 to measures affecting the supply of a service by a service supplier of a Party through commercial presence in the territory of the other Party, an entry in a Party’s Schedule to Annex I (Trade in Services and Investment Schedules) or Annex II (Trade in Services and Investment Schedules) in respect of Article 9.3 (National Treatment) and Article 9.4 (Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment) of Chapter 9 (Trade in Services), shall also be considered an entry in that Party’s Schedule in respect of the corresponding obligation in this Chapter.

  • Chapter   1 INITIAL PROVISIONS AND GENERAL DEFINITIONS 1
  • Article   1.1 Establishment of the Indonesia-Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership as a Free Trade Area 1
  • Article   1.2 Objectives the Objectives of the Parties In Concluding this Agreement Are to: 1
  • Article   1.3 Relation to other Agreements 1
  • Article   1.4 General Definitions  (3) 1
  • Chapter   2 TRADE IN GOODS 1
  • Article   2.1 Definitions 1
  • Article   2.2 Reduction or Elimination of Customs Duties 1
  • Article   2.3 Tariff Rate Quotas 1
  • Article   2.4 National Treatment on Internal Taxation and Regulation 1
  • Article   2.5 Customs Valuation 1
  • Article   2.6 Acceleration or Improvement of Tariff Commitments 1
  • Article   2.7 Elimination of Export Subsidies 1
  • Article   2.8 Administrative Fees and Formalities 1
  • Article   2.9 Duty-Free Entry of Commercial Samples of Negligible Value 1
  • Article   2.10 Classification of Goods and Transposition of Schedules of Tariff Commitments 1
  • Article   2.11 Committee on Trade In Goods 1
  • Article   2.12 Exchange of Data 1
  • Article   2.13 Relation to Safeguard Measures Under the WTO Agreement 1
  • Article   2.14 Antidumping and Countervailing Duties 1
  • Article   2.15 Trade Remedies Dialogue 1
  • Chapter   3 NON-TARIFF MEASURES 1
  • Article   3.1 General Application 1
  • Article   3.2 Mechanism on Non-Tariff Measures 2
  • Article   3.3 Quantitative Restrictions 2
  • Article   3.4 Import Licensing 2
  • Chapter   4 RULES OF ORIGIN 2
  • Section   A General Provisions 2
  • Article   4.1 Definitions 2
  • Section   B Originating Goods 2
  • Article   4.2 Originating Goods 2
  • Article   4.3 Wholly Obtained or Produced Goods 2
  • Article   4.4 Goods Not Wholly Produced or Obtained 2
  • Article   4.5 Calculation of Qualifying Value Content 2
  • Article   4.6 Recording of Costs 2
  • Article   4.7 Accumulation 2
  • Article   4.8 Minimal Operations and Processes 2
  • Article   4.9 De Minimis 2
  • Article   4.10 Accessories, Spare Parts, Tools and Instructional or other Information Materials 2
  • Article   4.11 Identical and Interchangeable Materials 2
  • Article   4.12 Packaging Materials and Containers for Retail Sale 2
  • Article   4.13 Packing Materials and Containers for Transportation and Shipment 2
  • Article   4.14 Indirect Materials 3
  • Section   Section C: Territorial Requirements 3
  • Article   4.15 Consignment Criteria 3
  • Article   4.16 Exhibition Goods 3
  • Section   Section D: Preferential Tariff Treatment 3
  • Article   4.17 Claim for Preferential Tariff Treatment 3
  • Article   4.18 Obligations Relating to Importation 3
  • Article   4.19 Denial of Preferential Tariff Treatment 3
  • Article   4.20 Documentary Evidence of Origin 3
  • Article   4.21 Exceptions from Documentary Evidence of Origin 3
  • Section   Section E: Cooperation on Verification 3
  • Article   4.22 Origin Verification 3
  • Article   4.23 Verification Visit 3
  • Section   Section F: Final Provisions 3
  • Article   4.24 Goods In Transport or Storage 3
  • Article   4.25 Review and Appeal 3
  • Article   4.26 Record Keeping 3
  • Article   4.27 Confidentiality Each Party Shall Maintain the Confidentiality of the Information Collected In Accordance 3
  • Article   4.28 Sub-Committee on Rules of Origin 3
  • Chapter   5 CUSTOMS PROCEDURES 3
  • Article   5.1 Definitions for the Purposes of this Chapter: 3
  • Article   5.2 Objectives 3
  • Article   5.3 Scope 3
  • Article   5.4 Customs Procedures and Trade Facilitation 3
  • Article   5.5 Customs Cooperation 3
  • Article   5.6 Publication and Enquiry Points 3
  • Article   5.7 Advance Ruling 3
  • Article   5.8 Review and Appeal 4
  • Article   5.9 Penalties 4
  • Article   5.10 Risk Management 1. Each Party Shall Adopt or Maintain a Risk Management System for Assessment and 4
  • Article   5.11 Release of Goods 4
  • Article   5.12 Temporary Admission of Goods 4
  • Article   5.13 Information Technology 4
  • Article   5.14 Confidentiality 4
  • Chapter   6 TRADE FACILITATION 4
  • Article   6.1 Definitions 4
  • Article   6.2 Objectives 4
  • Article   6.3 Scope 4
  • Article   6.4 Publication and Enquiry Points 4
  • Article   6.5 Perishable Goods 4
  • Article   6.6 Acceptance of Copies 4
  • Article   6.7 Support for Trade Facilitation 4
  • Article   6.8 Trade Facilitation Sub-Committee 4
  • Chapter   7 SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES 4
  • Article   7.1 Definitions 4
  • Article   7.2 Objectives 4
  • Article   7.3 Scope 4
  • Article   7.4 General Provisions 4
  • Article   7.5 Equivalence 4
  • Article   7.6 Adaptation to Regional Conditions 4
  • Article   7.7 Competent Authorities and Contact Points 4
  • Article   7.8 Transparency and Notification 4
  • Article   7.9 Cooperation 1. Each Party Shall Explore Opportunities for Further Cooperation, Collaboration and 4
  • Article   7.10 Technical Consultations 4
  • Article   7.11 SPS Sub-Committee 4
  • Article   7.12 Non-Application of Chapter 20 (Consultations and Dispute Settlement) 4
  • Chapter   8 TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE 5
  • Article   8.1 Definitions 5
  • Article   8.2 Objectives 5
  • Article   8.3 Scope 5
  • Article   8.4 Affirmation of the TBT Agreement 5
  • Article   8.5 Standards 5
  • Article   8.6 Technical Regulations 5
  • Article   8.7 Conformity Assessment Procedures 5
  • Article   8.8 Cooperation 5
  • Article   8.9 Consultations 5
  • Article   8.10 Agreements or Implementing Arrangements 5
  • Article   8.11 Transparency 5
  • Article   8.12 Contact Points 5
  • Article   8.13 TBT Sub-Committee 5
  • Article   8.14 Non-Application of Chapter 20 (Consultations and Dispute Settlement) 5
  • Chapter   9 TRADE IN SERVICES 5
  • Article   9.1 Definitions 5
  • Article   9.2 Scope 5
  • Article   9.3 National Treatment (3) 5
  • Article   9.4 Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment 5
  • Article   9.5 Market Access (4)  5
  • Article   9.6 Local Presence 5
  • Article   9.7 Non-Conforming Measures 5
  • Article   9.8 Domestic Regulation (7) 6
  • Article   9.9 Recognition 6
  • Article   9.10 Denial of Benefits 6
  • Article   9.11 Transparency 6
  • Article   9.12 Payments and Transfers 6
  • Article   9.13 Review 6
  • Article   9.14 Committee on Trade In Services 6
  • Chapter   10 FINANCIAL SERVICES 6
  • Article   10.1 Definitions 6
  • Article   10.2 Scope 6
  • Article   10.3 New Financial Services (1) 6
  • Article   10.4 Treatment of Certain Information and Processing of Information 6
  • Article   10.5 Exceptions 6
  • Article   10.6 Recognition 7
  • Article   10.7 Transparency and Administration of Certain Measures 7
  • Article   10.8 Self-Regulatory Organisations 7
  • Article   10.9 Payment and Clearing Systems 7
  • Article   10.10 Consultations 7
  • Article   10.11 Dispute Settlement 7
  • Article   10.12 Investment Disputes In Financial Services 7
  • Chapter   11 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 7
  • Article   11.1 Definitions 7
  • Article   11.2 Scope 7
  • Article   11.3 Approaches to Regulation 7
  • Article   11.4 Access to and Use of Public Telecommunications Networks and Services 7
  • Article   11.5 Obligations Relating to Suppliers of Public Telecommunications Networks or Services 7
  • Article   11.6 International Mobile Roaming 7
  • Article   11.7 Treatment by Major Suppliers of Public Telecommunications Networks or Services 7
  • Article   11.8 Competitive Safeguards 7
  • Article   11.9 Resale 8
  • Article   11.9 Resale 8
  • Article   11.10 Unbundling of Network Elements 8
  • Article   11.10 Unbundling of Network Elements 8
  • Article   11.11 Interconnection with Major Suppliers General Terms and Conditions 8
  • Article   11.11 Interconnection with Major Suppliers General Terms and Conditions 8
  • Article   11.12 Provisioning and Pricing of Leased Circuits Services by Major Suppliers 8
  • Article   11.12 Provisioning and Pricing of Leased Circuits Services by Major Suppliers 8
  • Article   11.13 Co-Location by Major Suppliers 8
  • Article   11.13 Co-Location by Major Suppliers 8
  • Article   11.14 Access to Facilities Owned or Controlled by Major Suppliers 8
  • Article   11.14 Access to Facilities Owned or Controlled by Major Suppliers 8
  • Article   11.15 International Submarine Cable Systems 8
  • Article   11.15 International Submarine Cable Systems 8
  • Article   11.16 Independent Regulatory Bodies and Government Ownership 8
  • Article   11.16 Independent Regulatory Bodies and Government Ownership 8
  • Article   11.17 Universal Service 8
  • Article   11.17 Universal Service 8
  • Article   11.18 Licensing Process 8
  • Article   11.18 Licensing Process 8
  • Article   11.19 Allocation and Use of Scarce Resources 8
  • Article   11.19 Allocation and Use of Scarce Resources 8
  • Article   11.20 Enforcement 9
  • Article   11.20 Enforcement 9
  • Article   11.21 Resolution of Telecommunications Disputes 9
  • Article   11.21 Resolution of Telecommunications Disputes 9
  • Article   11.22 Transparency 9
  • Article   11.22 Transparency 9
  • Article   11.23 Flexibility In the Choice of Technology 9
  • Article   11.23 Flexibility In the Choice of Technology 9
  • Article   11.24 Relation to other Chapters 9
  • Article   11.24 Relation to other Chapters 9
  • Article   11.25 Relation to International Organisations 9
  • Article   11.25 Relation to International Organisations 9
  • Chapter   12 MOVEMENT OF NATURAL PERSONS 9
  • Chapter   12 MOVEMENT OF NATURAL PERSONS 9
  • Article   12.1 Definitions 9
  • Article   12.1 Definitions 9
  • Article   12.2 Scope 9
  • Article   12.2 Scope 9
  • Article   12.3 Application Procedures 9
  • Article   12.3 Application Procedures 9
  • Article   12.4 Grant of Temporary Entry 9
  • Article   12.4 Grant of Temporary Entry 9
  • Article   12.5 Business Travel 9
  • Article   12.5 Business Travel 9
  • Article   12.6 Provision of Information 9
  • Article   12.6 Provision of Information 9
  • Article   12.7 Relation to other Chapters 9
  • Article   12.7 Relation to other Chapters 9
  • Article   12.8 Dispute Settlement 10
  • Article   12.9 Future Work Program on Contractual Service Suppliers 10
  • Chapter   13 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 10
  • Article   13.1 Definitions for the Purposes of this Chapter: 10
  • Article   13.2 Scope and General Provisions 10
  • Article   13.3 Cooperation 10
  • Article   13.4 Paperless Trading 10
  • Article   13.5 Electronic Authentication and Electronic Signatures 10
  • Article   13.6 Online Consumer Protection 10
  • Article   13.7 Protection of Personal Information 10
  • Article   13.8 Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Messages 10
  • Article   13.9 Domestic Regulatory Frameworks 10
  • Article   13.10 Transparency 10
  • Article   13.11 Cross-Border Transfer of Information by Electronic Means 10
  • Article   13.12 Location of Computing Facilities 10
  • Article   13.13 Source Code 10
  • Chapter   14 Investment 10
  • Section   A 10
  • Article   14.1 Definitions 10
  • Article   14.2 Scope 10
  • Article   14.3 Relation to other Chapters 10
  • Article   14.4 National Treatment 11
  • Article   14.5 Most-Favoured Nation Treatment 11
  • Article   14.6 Prohibition of Performance Requirements (10)(11) (12) 11
  • Article   14.7 Minimum Standard of Treatment 11
  • Article   14.8 Treatment In Case of Armed Conflict or Civil Strife 11
  • Article   14.9 Transfers 11
  • Article   14.10 Senior Management and Boards of Directors 11
  • Article   14.11 Expropriation and Compensation (16)  11
  • Article   14.12 Subrogation 11
  • Article   14.13 Denial of Benefits (20) 11
  • Article   14.14 Non–Conforming Measures 11
  • Article   14.15 Special Formalities and Disclosure of Information 11
  • Article   14.16 Promotion of Regulatory Objectives 11
  • Article   14.17 Corporate Social Responsibility 11
  • Article   14.18 Committee on Investment 11
  • Section   Section B: Investor-State Dispute Settlement 11
  • Article   14.19 Definitions 11
  • Article   14.20 Scope 11
  • Article   14.21 Exclusion of Claims 12
  • Article   14.22 Consultations 12
  • Article   14.23 Conciliation 12
  • Article   14.24 Claim by an Investor of a Party 12
  • Article   14.25 Submission of a Claim 12
  • Article   14.26 Conditions and Limitations on Submission of a Claim 12
  • Article   14.27 Selection of Arbitrators 12
  • Article   14.28 Security for Costs 12
  • Article   14.29 Consolidation 12
  • Article   14.30 Conduct of the Arbitration 12
  • Article   14.31 Transparency of Arbitral Proceedings 12
  • Article   14.32 Third Party Funding 12
  • Article   14.33 Governing Law 12
  • Article   14.34 Awards 12
  • Article   14.35 Service of Documents 12
  • Chapter   15 ECONOMIC COOPERATION 12
  • Article   15.1 Objectives 12
  • Article   15.2 Scope 12
  • Article   15.3 Committee on Economic Cooperation 12
  • Article   15.4 Formulation of Annual Work Program 12
  • Article   15.5 Contact Points 13
  • Article   15.6 Resources 13
  • Article   15.7 Non-Application of Chapter 20 (Consultations and Dispute Settlement) 13
  • Article   15.8 Relation to other Chapters 13
  • Chapter   16 COMPETITION 13
  • Article   16.1 Definitions 13
  • Article   16.2 Objectives 13
  • Article   16.3 Basic Principles 13
  • Article   16.4 Application of Competition Laws and Regulations (1) 13
  • Article   16.5 Cooperation 13
  • Article   16.6 Notifications 13
  • Article   16.7 Transparency 13
  • Article   16.8 Procedural Fairness 13
  • Article   16.9 Confidentiality of Information 13
  • Article   16.10 Consumer Protection 13
  • Article   16.11 Review 13
  • Article   16.12 Dispute Settlement 13
  • Chapter   17 GENERAL PROVISIONS AND EXCEPTIONS 13
  • Article   17.1 Confidentiality of Information 13
  • Article   17.2 General Exceptions 13
  • Article   17.3 Security Exceptions Nothing In this Agreement Shall Be Construed: 13
  • Article   17.4 Taxation Measures 13
  • Article   17.5 Measures to Safeguard the Balance of Payments 13
  • Chapter   18 INSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS 13
  • Article   18.1 Establishment of the Joint Committee 13
  • Article   18.2 Functions of the Joint Committee 13
  • Article   18.3 Committees and Subsidiary Bodies 14
  • Article   18.4 Rules of Procedure 14
  • Article   18.5 Meetings of the Joint Committee 14
  • Article   18.6 Contact Points 14
  • Chapter   19 TRANSPARENCY 14
  • Article   19.1 Definitions for the Purposes of this Chapter: 14
  • Article   19.2 Publication 14
  • Article   19.3 Provision of Information 14
  • Article   19.4 Administrative Proceedings 14
  • Article   19.5 Review and Appeal 14
  • Chapter   20 CONSULTATIONS 14
  • Section   A Introductory Provisions 14
  • Article   20.1 Definitions 14
  • Article   20.2 Scope 14
  • Article   20.3 General Provisions 14
  • Article   20.4 Choice of Forum 14
  • Section   Section B: Consultation Provisions 14
  • Article   20.5 Consultations 14
  • Article   20.6 Good Offices, Conciliation, Mediation 14
  • Section   Section C: Adjudication Provisions 14
  • Article   20.7 Request for Establishment of Panels 14
  • Article   20.8 Establishment and Reconvening of Panels 14
  • Article   20.9 Functions of Panels 14
  • Article   20.10 Panel Procedures 14
  • Article   20.11 Suspension and Termination of Proceedings 15
  • Section   Section D: Implementation Provisions 15
  • Article   20.12 Implementation 15
  • Article   20.13 Compliance Review 15
  • Article   20.14 Compensation and Suspension of Concessions or other Obligations 15
  • Article   20.15 Post-Suspension Review 15
  • Section   Section E: Final Provisions 15
  • Article   20.16 Expenses 15
  • Article   20.17 Transmission of Documents 15
  • Article   20.18 Language 15
  • Chapter   21 FINAL PROVISIONS 15
  • Article   21.1 Annexes, Appendices and Footnotes 15
  • Article   21.2 Amendments 15
  • Article   21.3 Amendment of International Agreements 15
  • Article   21.4 Entry Into Force 15
  • Article   21.5 General Review of the Agreement 15
  • Article   21.6 Termination 15
  • Article   21.7 Authentic Texts 15
  • ANNEX I  EXPLANATORY NOTES 15
  • ANNEX I  SCHEDULE OF AUSTRALIA 15
  • ANNEX I  SCHEDULE OF INDONESIA 16
  • Section   A 16
  • Section   B 17
  • Annex II  EXPLANATORY NOTES 18
  • ANNEX II  SCHEDULE OF AUSTRALIA 18
  • Appendix A  AUSTRALIA’S MARKET ACCESS COMMITMENTS SCHEDULE – REGIONAL (STATE AND TERRITORY) LEVEL 19
  • NOTE ON MARITIME TRANSPORT SERVICES 20
  • Appendix B  (60) 20
  • ANNEX II  SCHEDULE OF INDONESIA 20
  • Section   A 20
  • Appendix A  20
  • Section   B 20
  • Section   B 21