North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (1992)
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The measures referred to are provided for transparency purposes and include any subordinate measure adopted or maintained under the authority of and consistent with such measures.

Section B. Deregulation of Activities Reserved to the State

1. The activities set out in Section A are reserved to the Mexican State, and private equity investment is prohibited under Mexican Law. Where Mexico allows private investment to participate in such activities through service contracts, concessions, lending arrangements or any other type of contractual arrangement, such participation shall not be construed to affect the State's reservation of those activities.

2. If Mexican law is amended to allow private equity investment in an activity set out in Section A, Mexico may impose restrictions on foreign ivestment participation notwithstanding Article 1102, and describe them in Annex I. Mexico may also impose derogations from Article 1102 on foreign equity investment participation when selling an asset or ownership interest in an enterprise engaged in activities set out in Section A, and describe them in Annex I.

Section C. Activities Formerly Reserved to the Mexican State

Where an activity was reserved to the Mexican State on January 1, 1992 and is not reserved to the Mexican State on the date of entry into force of this Agreement, Mexico may restrict the initial sale of a state-owned asset or an ownership interest in a state enterprise that performs that activity to enterprises with majority ownership by Mexican nationals, as defined by the Mexican Constitution. For a period not to exceed three years from the initial sale, Mexico may restrict the transfer of such asset or ownership interest to other enterprises with majority ownership by Mexican national, as defined by the Mexican Constitution. On expiration of the three-year period, the obligations of national treatment set out in Article 1102 apply. This provision is subject to Article 1108.

Annex IV. Exceptions from Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Chapter 11)

Annex IV. Schedule of Canada

Canada takes an exception to Article 1103 for treatment accorded under all bilateral or multilateral international agreements in force or signed prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

For international agreements in force or signed after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, Canada takes an exception to Article 1103 for treatment accorded under those agreements involving:

(a) aviation;

(b) fisheries;

(c) maritime matters, including salvage; or

(d) telecommunications transport networks and telecommunications transport services (this exception does not apply to measures covered by Chapter Thirteen (Telecommunications)).

With respect to state measures not yet set out in Annex I pursuant to Article 1108(2), Canada takes an exception to Article 1103 for international agreements signed within two years of the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

For greater certainty, Article 1103 does not apply to any current or future foreign aid program to promote economic development, such as those governed by the Energy Economic Cooperation Program with Central America and the Caribbean (Pacto de San José) and the OECD Agreement on Export Credits.

Annex IV. Schedule of Mexico

Mexico takes an exception to Article 1103 for treatment accorded under all bilateral or multilateral international agreements in force or signed prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

For international agreements in force or signed after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, Mexico takes an exception to Article 1103 for treatment accorded under those agreements involving:

(a) aviation;

(b) fisheries;

(c) maritime matters, including salvage; or

(d) telecommunications transport networks and telecomunications transport services (this exception does not apply to measures covered by Chapter Thirteen (Telecommunications) or to the production, sale or licensing of radio or television programming).

With respect to state measures not yet set out in Annex I pursuant Article 1108(2), Mexico takes an exception to Article 1103 for international agreements signed within two years of the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

For greater certainty, Article 1103 does not apply to any current or future foreign aid programs to promote economic development, such as those governed by the Energy Economic Cooperation Program with Central America and the Caribbean (Pacto de San José) and the OECD Agreement on Export Credits.

Annex IV. Schedule of the United States

The United States takes an exception to Article 1103 for treatment accorded under all bilateral or multilateral international agreements in force or signed prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

For international agreements in force or signed after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, the United States takes an exception to Article 1103 for treatment accorded under those agreements involving:

(a) aviation;

(b) fisheries;

(c) maritime matters, including salvage; or

(d) telecommunications transport networks and telecommunications transport services (this exception does not apply to measures covered by Chapter Thirteen (Telecommunications) or the production, sale or licensing of radio or television programming).

With respect to state measures not yet set out in Annex I pursuant to Article 1108(2), the United States takes an exception to Article 1103 for international agreements signed within two years of the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

For greater certainty, Article 1103 does not apply to any current or future foreign aid program to promote economic development, such as those governed by the Energy Economic Cooperation Program with Central America and the Caribbean (Pacto de San José) and the OECD Agreement on Export Credits.

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  • Part   One GENERAL PART 1
  • Chapter   One OBJECTIVES 1
  • Article   101 Establishment of the Free Trade Area 1
  • Article   102 Objectives 1
  • Article   103 Relation to other Agreements 1
  • Article   104 Relation to Environmental and Conservation Agreements 1
  • Article   105 Extent of Obligations 1
  • Annex 104.1  Bilateral and Other Environmental and Conservation Agreements 1
  • Chapter   Two GENERAL DEFINITIONS 1
  • Article   201 Definitions of General Application 1
  • Annex 201.1  Country-Specific Definitions 1
  • Part   Two TRADE IN GOODS 1
  • Chapter   Three NATIONAL TREATMENT AND MARKET ACCESS FOR GOODS 1
  • Article   300 Scope and Coverage 1
  • Section   A National Treatment 1
  • Article   301 National Treatment 1
  • Section   B Tariffs 1
  • Article   302 Tariff Elimination 1
  • Article   303 Restriction on Drawback and Duty Deferral Programs 1
  • Article   304 Waiver of Customs Duties 1
  • Article   305 Temporary Admission of Goods 1
  • Article   306 Duty-Free Entry of Certain Commercial Samples and Printed Advertising Materials 2
  • Article   307 Goods Re-Entered after Repair or Alteration 2
  • Article   308 Most-Favored-Nation Rates of Duty on Certain Goods 2
  • Section   C Non-Tariff Measures 2
  • Article   309 Import and Export Restrictions 2
  • Article   310 Customs User Fees 2
  • Article   311 Country of Origin Marking 2
  • Article   312 Wine and Distilled Spirits 2
  • Article   313 Distinctive Products 2
  • Article   314 Export Taxes 2
  • Article   315 Other Export Measures 2
  • Section   D Consultations 2
  • Article   316 Consultations and Committee on Trade In Goods 2
  • Article   317 Third Country Dumping 2
  • Section   E Definitions 2
  • Article   318 Definitions 2
  • Chapter   Four RULES OF ORIGIN 2
  • Article   401 Originating Goods 2
  • Article   402 Regional Value Content 2
  • Article   403 Automotive Goods 3
  • Article   404 Accumulation 3
  • Article   405 De Minimis 3
  • Article   406 Fungible Goods and Materials for Purposes of Determining Whether a Good Is an Originating Good: 3
  • Article   407 Accessories, Spare Parts and Tools 3
  • Article   408 Indirect Materials 3
  • Article   409 Packaging Materials and Containers for Retail Sale 3
  • Article   410 Packing Materials and Containers for Shipment 3
  • Article   411 Trans-shipment 3
  • Article   412 Non-Qualifying Operations 3
  • Article   413 Interpretation and Application 3
  • Article   414 Consultation and Modifications 3
  • Article   415 Definitions 3
  • Chapter   Five CUSTOMS PROCEDURES 4
  • Section   A Certification of Origin 4
  • Article   501 Certificate of Origin 4
  • Article   502 Obligations Regarding Importations 4
  • Article   503 Exceptions 4
  • Article   504 Obligations Regarding Exportations 4
  • Section   B Administration and Enforcement 4
  • Article   505 Records 4
  • Article   506 Origin Verifications 4
  • Article   507 Confidentiality 4
  • Article   508 Penalties 4
  • Section   C Advance Rulings 4
  • Article   509 Advance Rulings 4
  • Section   D Review and Appeal of Origin Determinations and Advance Rulings 5
  • Article   510 Review and Appeal 5
  • Section   E Uniform Regulations 5
  • Article   511 Uniform Regulations 5
  • Section   F Cooperation 5
  • Article   512 Cooperation 5
  • Article   513 Working Group and Customs Subgroup 5
  • Article   514 Definitions 5
  • Chapter   Six ENERGY AND BASIC PETROCHEMICALS 5
  • Article   601 Principles 5
  • Article   602 Scope and Coverage 5
  • Article   603 Import and Export Restrictions 5
  • Article   604 Export Taxes 5
  • Article   605 Other Export Measures 5
  • Article   606 Energy Regulatory Measures 5
  • Article   607 National Security Measures 5
  • Article   608 Miscellaneous Provisions 5
  • Article   609 Definitions 5
  • Annex 602.3  Reservations and Special Provisions 6
  • Chapter   Seven AGRICULTURE AND SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES 6
  • Section   A Agriculture 6
  • Article   701 Scope and Coverage 6
  • Article   702 International Obligations 6
  • Article   703 Market Access 6
  • Article   704 Domestic Support 6
  • Article   705 Export Subsidies 6
  • Article   706 Committee on Agricultural Trade 6
  • Article   707 Advisory Committee on Private Commercial Disputes Regarding Agricultural Goods 6
  • Article   708 Definitions 6
  • Section   B Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 6
  • Article   709 Scope and Coverage 6
  • Article   710 Relation to other Chapters 6
  • Article   711 Reliance on Non-Governmental Entities 6
  • Article   712 Basic Rights and Obligations 6
  • Article   713 International Standards and Standardizing Organizations 6
  • Article   714 Equivalence 6
  • Article   715 Risk Assessment and Appropriate Level of Protection 6
  • Article   716 Adaptation to Regional Conditions 7
  • Article   717 Control, Inspection and Approval Procedures 7
  • Article   718 Notification, Publication and Provision of Information 7
  • Article   719 Inquiry Points 7
  • Article   720 Technical Cooperation 7
  • Article   721 Limitations on the Provision of Information 7
  • Article   722 Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 7
  • Article   723 Technical Consultations 7
  • Article   724 Definitions 7
  • Chapter   Eight EMERGENCY ACTION 7
  • Article   801 Bilateral Actions 7
  • Article   802 Global Actions 8
  • Article   803 Administration of Emergency Action Proceedings 8
  • Article   804 Dispute Settlement In Emergency Action Matters 8
  • Article   805 Definitions for Purposes of this Chapter: 8
  • Part   Three TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE 8
  • Chapter   Nine STANDARDS-RELATED MEASURES 8
  • Article   901 Scope and Coverage 8
  • Article   902 Extent of Obligations 8
  • Article   903 Affirmation of Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade and other Agreements 8
  • Article   904 Basic Rights and Obligations Right to Take Standards-Related Measures 8
  • Article   905 Use of International Standards 8
  • Article   906 Compatibility and Equivalence 8
  • Article   907 Assessment of Risk 8
  • Article   908 Conformity Assessment 8
  • Article   909 Notification, Publication, and Provision of Information 8
  • Article   910 Inquiry Points 8
  • Article   911 Technical Cooperation 8
  • Article   912 Limitations on the Provision of Information 8
  • Article   913 Committee on Standards-Related Measures 8
  • Article   914 Technical Consultations 9
  • Article   915 Definitions 9
  • Part   Four GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT 9
  • Chapter   Ten GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT 9
  • Section   A Scope and Coverage and National Treatment 9
  • Article   1001 Scope and Coverage 9
  • Article   1002 Valuation of Contracts 9
  • Article   1003 National Treatment and Non-Discrimination 9
  • Article   1004 Rules of Origin 9
  • Article   1005 Denial of Benefits 9
  • Article   1006 Prohibition of Offsets 9
  • Article   1007 Technical Specifications 9
  • Section   B Tendering Procedures 9
  • Article   1008 Tendering Procedures 9
  • Article   1009 Qualification of Suppliers 9
  • Article   1010 Invitation to Participate 9
  • Article   1011 Selective Tendering Procedures 10
  • Article   1012 Time Limits for Tendering and Delivery 10
  • Article   1013 Tender Documentation 10
  • Article   1014 Negotiation Disciplines 10
  • Article   1015 Submission, Receipt and Opening of Tenders and Awarding of Contracts 10
  • Article   1016 Limited Tendering Procedures 10
  • Section   C Bid Challenge 10
  • Article   1017 Bid Challenge 10
  • Section   D General Provisions 10
  • Article   1018 Exceptions 10
  • Article   1019 Provision of Information 10
  • Article   1020 Technical Cooperation 11
  • Article   1021 Joint Programs for Small Business 11
  • Article   1022 Rectifications or Modifications 11
  • Article   1023 Divestiture of Entities 11
  • Article   1024 Further Negotiations 11
  • Article   1025 Definitions 11
  • Part   Five INVESTMENT, SERVICES AND RELATED MATTERS 11
  • Chapter   Eleven INVESTMENT 11
  • Section   A Investment 11
  • Article   1101 Scope and Coverage 11
  • Article   1102 National Treatment 11
  • Article   1103 Most-Favored-Nation Treatment 11
  • Article   1104 Standard of Treatment 11
  • Article   1105 Minimum Standard of Treatment 11
  • Article   1106 Performance Requirements 11
  • Article   1107 Senior Management and Boards of Directors 11
  • Article   1110 Expropriation and Compensation 11
  • Article   1111 Special Formalities and Information Requirements 11
  • Article   1112 Relation to other Chapters 11
  • Article   1113 Denial of Benefits 11
  • Article   1114 Environmental Measures 12
  • Section   B Settlement of Disputes between a Party and an Investor of Another Party 12
  • Article   1115 Purpose 12
  • Article   1116 Claim by an Investor of a Party on Its Own Behalf 12
  • Article   1117 Claim by an Investor of a Party on Behalf of an Enterprise 12
  • Article   1118 Settlement of a Claim Through Consultation and Negotiation 12
  • Article   1119 Notice of Intent to Submit a Claim to Arbitration 12
  • Article   1120 Submission of a Claim to Arbitration 12
  • Article   1121 Conditions Precedent to Submission of a Claim to Arbitration 12
  • Article   1122 Consent to Arbitration 12
  • Article   1123 Number of Arbitrators and Method of Appointment 12
  • Article   1124 Constitution of a Tribunal When a Party Fails to Appoint an Arbitrator or the Disputing Parties Are Unable to Agree on a Presiding Arbitrator 12
  • Article   1125 Agreement to Appointment of Arbitrators 12
  • Article   1126 Consolidation 12
  • Article   1127 Notice a Disputing Party Shall Deliver to the other Parties: 12
  • Article   1128 Participation by a Party 12
  • Article   1129 Documents 12
  • Article   1130 Place of Arbitration 12
  • Article   1131 Governing Law 12
  • Article   1132 Interpretation of Annexes 12
  • Article   1133 Expert Reports 12
  • Article   1134 Interim Measures of Protection 12
  • Article   1135 Final Award 12
  • Article   1136 Finality and Enforcement of an Award 12
  • Article   1137 General 12
  • Article   1138 Exclusions 12
  • Section   C Definitions 13
  • Article   1139 Definitions 13
  • Annex 1120.1  Submission of a Claim to Arbitration 13
  • Annex 1138.2  Exclusions from Dispute Settlement 13
  • Chapter   Twelve CROSS-BORDER TRADE IN SERVICES 13
  • Article   1201 Scope and Coverage 13
  • Article   1202 National Treatment 13
  • Article   1203 Most-Favored-Nation Treatment 13
  • Article   1204 Standard of Treatment 13
  • Article   1205 Local Presence 13
  • Article   1206 Reservations 13
  • Article   1207 Quantitative Restrictions 13
  • Article   1208 Liberalization of Non-Discriminatory Measures 13
  • Article   1209 Procedures 13
  • Article   1210 Licensing and Certification 13
  • Article   1211 Denial of Benefits 13
  • Article   1212 Sectoral Annex 13
  • Article   1213 Definitions 13
  • Chapter   Thirteen TELECOMMUNICATIONS 14
  • Article   1301 Scope and Coverage 14
  • Article   1302 Access to and Use of Public Telecommunications Transport Networks and Services 14
  • Article   1303 Conditions for the Provision of Enhanced or Value-Added Services 14
  • Article   1304 Standards-Related Measures 14
  • Article   1305 Monopolies 14
  • Article   1306 Transparency 14
  • Article   1308 Relation to International Organizations and Agreements 14
  • Article   1309 Technical Cooperation and other Consultations 14
  • Article   1310 Definitions 14
  • Chapter   Fourteen FINANCIAL SERVICES 14
  • Article   1401 Scope and Coverage 14
  • Article   1402 Self-Regulatory Organizations 14
  • Article   1403 Establishment of Financial Institutions 14
  • Article   1404 Cross-Border Trade 14
  • Article   1405 National Treatment 14
  • Article   1406 Most-Favored-Nation Treatment 15
  • Article   1407 New Financial Services and Data Processing 15
  • Article   1408 Senior Management and Boards of Directors 15
  • Article   1409 Reservations and Specific Commitments 15
  • Article   1410 Exceptions 15
  • Article   1411 Transparency 15
  • Article   1412 Financial Services Committee 15
  • Article   1413 Consultations 15
  • Article   1414 Dispute Settlement 15
  • Article   1415 Investment Disputes In Financial Services 15
  • Article   1416 Definitions 15
  • Annex 1412.1  Authorities Responsible for Financial Services 15
  • Chapter   Fifteen COMPETITION POLICY, MONOPOLIES AND STATE ENTERPRISES 15
  • Article   1501 Competition Law 15
  • Article   1502 Monopolies and State Enterprises 15
  • Article   1503 State Enterprises 15
  • Article   1504 Working Group on Trade and Competition 15
  • Article   1505 Definitions 15
  • Annex 1505  Country-Specific Definitions of State Enterprises 15
  • Chapter   Sixteen TEMPORARY ENTRY FOR BUSINESS PERSONS 15
  • Article   1601 General Principles 15
  • Article   1602 General Obligations 15
  • Article   1603 Grant of Temporary Entry 16
  • Article   1604 Provision of Information 16
  • Article   1605 Working Group 16
  • Article   1606 Dispute Settlement 16
  • Article   1607 Relation to other Chapters 16
  • Article   1608 Definitions 16
  • Annex 1603  Temporary Entry for Business Persons 16
  • Section   A Business Visitors 16
  • Section   B Traders and Investors 16
  • Section   C Intra-Company Transferees 16
  • Section   D Professionals 16
  • Part   Six INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 16
  • Chapter   Seventeen INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 16
  • Article   1701 Nature and Scope of Obligations 16
  • Article   1702 More Extensive Protection 16
  • Article   1703 National Treatment 16
  • Article   1704 Control of Abusive or Anticompetitive Practices or Conditions 16
  • Article   1705 Copyright 16
  • Article   1706 Sound Recordings 16
  • Article   1707 Protection of Encrypted Program-Carrying Satellite Signals 16
  • Article   1708 Trademarks 16
  • Article   1709 Patents 17
  • Article   1710 Layout Designs of Semiconductor Integrated Circuits 17
  • Article   1711 Trade Secrets 17
  • Article   1712 Geographical Indications 17
  • Article   1713 Industrial Designs 17
  • Article   1714 Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights: General Provisions 17
  • Article   1715 Specific Procedural and Remedial Aspects of Civil and Administrative Procedures 17
  • Article   1716 Provisional Measures 17
  • Article   1717 Criminal Procedures and Penalties 17
  • Article   1718 Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights at the Border 17
  • Article   1718 Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights at the Border 18
  • Article   1719 Cooperation and Technical Assistance 18
  • Article   1720 Protection of Existing Subject Matter 18
  • Article   1721 Definitions 18
  • Part   Seven ADMINISTRATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS 18
  • Chapter   Eighteen PUBLICATION, NOTIFICATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF LAWS 18
  • Article   1801 Contact Points 18
  • Article   1802 Publication 18
  • Article   1803 Notification and Provision of Information 18
  • Article   1804 Administrative Proceedings 18
  • Article   1805 Review and Appeal 18
  • Article   1806 Definitions 18
  • Chapter   Nineteen REVIEW AND DISPUTE SETTLEMENT IN ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTY MATTERS 18
  • Article   1901 General Provisions 18
  • Article   1902 Retention of Domestic Antidumping Law and Countervailing Duty Law 18
  • Article   1903 Review of Statutory Amendments 18
  • Article   1904 Review of Final Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Determinations 18
  • Article   1905 Safeguarding the Panel Review System 18
  • Article   1906 Prospective Application 19
  • Article   1907 Consultations 19
  • Article   1908 Special Secretariat Provisions 19
  • Article   1909 Code of Conduct 19
  • Article   1910 Miscellaneous 19
  • Article   1911 Definitions 19
  • Chapter   Twenty INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES 19
  • Section   A Institutions 19
  • Article   2011 The Free Trade Commission 19
  • Article   2002 The Secretariat 19
  • Section   B Dispute Settlement 19
  • Article   2003 Cooperation 19
  • Article   2004 Recourse to Dispute Settlement Procedures 19
  • Article   2005 GATT Dispute Settlement 19
  • Article   2006 Consultations 19
  • Article   2007 Commission - Good Offices, Conciliation and Mediation 19
  • Article   2008 Request for an Arbitral Panel 20
  • Article   2009 Roster 20
  • Article   2010 Qualifications of Panelists 20
  • Article   2011 Panel Selection 20
  • Article   2012 Rules of Procedure 20
  • Article   2013 Third Party Participation 20
  • Article   2014 Role of Experts 20
  • Article   2015 Scientific Review Boards 20
  • Article   2016 Initial Report 20
  • Article   2017 Final Report 20
  • Article   2018 Implementation of Final Report 20
  • Article   2019 Non-Implementation-Suspension of Benefits 20
  • Section   C Domestic Proceedings and Private Commercial Dispute Settlement 20
  • Article   2020 Referrals of Matters from Judicial or Administrative Proceedings 20
  • Article   2021 Private Rights 20
  • Article   2022 Alternative Dispute Resolution 20
  • Annex 2001.2  Committees and Working Groups 20
  • Annex 2002.2  Remuneration and Payment of Expenses 20
  • Annex 2004  Nullification and Impairment 20
  • Part   Eight OTHER PROVISIONS 20
  • Chapter   Twenty-One EXCEPTIONS 20
  • Article   2101 General Exceptions 20
  • Article   2102 National Security 20
  • Article   2103 Taxation 21
  • Article   2104 Balance of Payments 21
  • Article   2105 Disclosure of Information 21
  • Article   2106 Cultural Industries 21
  • Article   2107 Definitions 21
  • Annex 2103.4  Specific Taxation Measures 21
  • Annex 2103.6  Competent Authorities 21
  • Annex 2106  Cultural Industries 21
  • Chapter   Twenty-Two FINAL PROVISIONS 21
  • Article   2201 Annexes 21
  • Article   2202 Amendments 21
  • Article   2203 Entry Into Force 21
  • Article   2204 Accession 21
  • Article   2205 Withdrawal 21
  • Article   2206 Authentic Texts 21
  • Annex I  Reservations for Existing Measures and Liberalization Commitments 21
  • Annex I  Schedule of Canada 21
  • Annex I  Schedule of Mexico 25
  • Annex I  Schedule of the United States 31
  • Annex II  Reservations for Future Measures (Chapters 11, 12, and 14) 32
  • Annex II  Schedule of Canada 33
  • Annex II  Schedule of Mexico 34
  • Annex II  Schedule of United States 34
  • Annex III  Activities Reserved to the State (Chapter 11) 35
  • Annex III  Schedule of Mexico 35
  • Annex IV  Exceptions from Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Chapter 11) 36
  • Annex IV  Schedule of Canada 36
  • Annex IV  Schedule of Mexico 36
  • Annex IV  Schedule of the United States 36