Australia - United Kingdom FTA (2021)
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Existing measures: Transport Operations (Passenger Transport) Act 1994 (Qld) Transport Operations (Passenger Transport) Regulation 2018 (Qld)

26. Sector: Agriculture

Sub-sector: Genetically modified crops

Obligations concerned: Market Access (Investment)

Description: Victoria

Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to the cultivation, or any other dealing with, genetically modified crops in Victoria.

Existing measures:

27. Sector: All

Obligations concerned: Market Access (Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services)

Description :Victoria

In Victoria, the Minister may:

(a) provide, operate, control, deregulate or direct any vital industry while a vital industry declaration is in force; and

(b) employ such persons in such numbers and upon such terms as appear necessary for the carrying into effect of these powers.

Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to the activities referred to in subparagraphs (a) and (b) in Victoria.

Existing measures: Vital State Industries (Works and Services) Act 1999 (Vic)

28. Sector: Mining and related activities

Obligations concerned: Market Access (Investment)

Description: Western Australia

Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to mining in Western Australia.

Existing measures:

29. Sector: Energy

Obligations concerned: Market Access (Investment)

Description: Western Australia Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to the production, collection, storage, and distribution of energy in Western Australia.

Existing measures:

30. Sector: All

Obligations concerned: Performance Requirements

Description: Australia reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure at the regional level of government with respect to the imposition or enforcement of any requirement, or the enforcement of any commitment or undertaking: (a) to locate the regional or world headquarters of an enterprise in its territory; or (b) to achieve a given level or value of research and development in its territory, in connection with the establishment, acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, operation, or sale or other disposition of an investment.

Existing measures:

ANNEX II. SCHEDULE OF THE UNITED KINGDOM

INTRODUCTORY NOTES

1. For the avoidance of doubt, and recalling i) subparagraph 6(a) of Article 13.13 (Non-Conforming Measures - Investment) and subparagraph 3(b) of Article 8.2 (Scope - Cross-Border Trade in Services) relating to the exclusion of government procurement; and ii) subparagraph 6(b) of Article 13.13 (Non- Conforming Measures - Investment) and subparagraph 3(d) of Article 8.2 (Scope - Cross-Border Trade in Services) relating to the exclusion of subsidies or grants provided by a Party:

In relation to Research and Development (R&D) services, Chapter 13 (Investment) and Chapter 8 (Cross-Border Trade in Services) shall not interfere with the ability of the UK to grant exclusive rights or authorisations, for publicly funded R&D services, to nationals of the UK or enterprises of the UK having their registered office, central administration, or principal place of business in the UK.

2. With respect to computer services, any of the following services shall be considered as "computer and related services", regardless of whether they are delivered via a network, including the Internet:

(a) consulting, adaptation, strategy, analysis, planning, specification, design, development, installation, implementation, integration, testing, debugging, updating, support, technical assistance, or management of or for computers or computer systems;

(b) computer programmes defined as the sets of instructions required to make computers work and communicate (in and of themselves), as well as consulting, strategy, analysis, planning, specification, design, development, installation, implementation, integration, testing, debugging, updating, adaptation, maintenance, support, technical assistance, management, or use of or for computer programmes;

(c) data processing, data storage, data hosting, or database services;

(d) maintenance and repair services for office machinery and equipment, including computers; and

(e) training services for staff of clients, related to computer programmes, computers or computer systems, and not elsewhere classified.

For greater certainty, services enabled by computer and related services, other than those listed in (a) to (e), shall not be regarded as "computer and related services" in themselves.

3. For greater certainty, the fact that a Party has made an entry does not necessarily mean that, in the absence of such an entry, the measure would be inconsistent with the obligations under Chapter 13 (Investment) and Chapter 8 (Cross-Border Trade in Services).

4. With respect to Annex II Entry 1 on Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment relating to agreements, the absence of language regarding the scope of the entry for differential treatment resulting from an amendment of those agreements in force or signed prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement is without prejudice to the UK's interpretation of the scope of the entry.

Entry No. I-1 - All sectors

Sector: All sectors

Obligations Concerned: Market Access, National Treatment, Local Presence, Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment, Senior Management and Boards of Directors, Performance Requirements

Description: The UK reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to the following:

(a) Public utilities

With respect to Investment - Market Access:

Services considered as public utilities at a national or local level may be subject to public monopolies or to exclusive rights granted to private operators.

Public utilities exist in sectors such as related scientific and technical consulting services, research and development (R&D) services on social sciences and humanities, technical testing and analysis services, environmental services, health services, transport services, and services auxiliary to all modes of transport. Exclusive rights on such services are often granted to private operators, for instance operators with concessions from public authorities, subject to specific service obligations. Given that public utilities often also exist at the sub-central level, detailed and exhaustive sector-specific scheduling is not practical. This sub-entry (a) does not apply to telecommunications and to computer and related services.

(b) Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment

With respect to Investment - Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment and Cross-Border Trade in Services - Most- Favoured-Nation Treatment:

According differential treatment pursuant to any international investment treaty or other trade agreement in force or signed prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

According differential treatment to a country pursuant to any existing or future bilateral or multilateral agreement which:

(i) creates an internal market in services and investment;

(ii) grants the right of establishment; or

(iii) requires the approximation of legislation in one or more economic sectors.

An internal market on services and investment means an area without internal frontiers in which the free movement of services, capital, and persons is ensured.

The right of establishment means an obligation to abolish in substance all barriers to establishment among the parties to the regional economic integration agreement by the entry into force of that agreement. The right of establishment shall include the right of nationals of the parties to the regional economic integration agreement to set up and operate enterprises under the same conditions provided for nationals under the law of the country where such establishment takes place.

The approximation of legislation means:

(i) the alignment of the legislation of one or more of the parties to the regional economic integration agreement with the legislation of the other party or parties to that agreement; or

(ii) the incorporation of common legislation into the law of the parties to the regional economic integration agreement.

Such alignment or incorporation shall take place, and shall be deemed to have taken place, only at such time that it has been enacted in the law of the party or parties to the regional economic integration agreement.

According differential treatment relating to the right of establishment to nationals or enterprises through existing or future bilateral agreements between the UK and any of the following countries or principalities:

Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, and the Vatican City State.

According differential treatment to a third country pursuant to existing or future agreements relating to air services or to related services in support of air services.

(c) Arms, ammunitions, and war material

With respect to Investment - Market Access, National Treatment, Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment, Senior Management and Boards of Directors, Performance Requirements and Cross-Border Trade in Services - Market Access, National Treatment, Local Presence, Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment:

Production or distribution of, or trade in, arms, munitions, and war material. War material is limited to any product which is solely intended and made for military use in connection with the conduct of war or defence activities.

(d) Presence of natural persons

With respect to Cross-Border Trade in Services - Market Access:

The supply of a service by the presence of natural persons, subject to the provisions of Chapter 11 (Temporary Entry for Business Persons), that is not inconsistent with the United Kingdom's obligations under the GATS.

Entry No. II-2 -Professional services (legal services and auditing services)

Sector - Sub-Sector: Professional services - legal services and auditing services

Industry Classification: Part of CPC 861, part of 862, part of 87902

Obligations Concerned: Market Access, Local Presence, National Treatment, Senior Management and Boards of Directors

Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services

Description (a)

(a) Legal services (part of CPC 861, part of 87902).

The UK reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to the supply of legal advisory and legal authorisation, documentation, and certification services provided by legal professionals entrusted with public functions, such as notaries, and with respect to services provided by bailiffs.

Description (b)

(b) Auditing services (CPC - 86211, 86212 other than accounting and bookkeeping services)

The UK reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to the cross-border supply of auditing services.

Existing measures (b) : Companies Act 2006.

Entry No. II-3 - Professional services (health related and retail of pharmaceuticals)

Sector: Health related professional services and retail sales of pharmaceutical, medical and orthopaedic goods, other services provided by pharmacists

Industry Classification: CPC 63211, 85201, 9312, 9319 

Obligations Concerned: Market Access, National Treatment, Local Presence

Description:

(a) Medical and dental services; services provided by midwives, nurses, physiotherapists, psychologists and paramedical personnel (CPC 63211, 85201, 9312, 9319)

With respect to Investment - Market Access: Establishment for doctors under the National Health Service is subject to medical manpower planning (CPC 93121, 93122).

With respect to Cross-Border Trade in Services - Market Access, National Treatment, Local Presence

The UK reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to the supply of all health-related professional services, including the services provided by professionals such as medical doctors, dentists, midwives, nurses, physiotherapists, paramedical personnel, and psychologists, (part of CPC 85201, CPC 9312, part of 93191).

(b) Retail sales of pharmaceutical, medical and orthopaedic goods, other services provided by pharmacists (CPC 63211)

With respect to Investment - Market Access and Cross-Border Trade in Services - Market Access, National Treatment, Local Presence:

The UK reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to the supply of cross-border retail sales of pharmaceuticals and of medical and orthopaedic goods, and other services provided by pharmacists. Establishment in the UK is required for the retail of pharmaceuticals and specific medical goods to the general public in the UK.

Entry No. II-4 - Business services (collection agency services and credit reporting services)

Sector - Sub-Sector: Business Services - collection agency services, credit reporting services

Industry Classification: CPC 87901, 87902

Obligations Concerned: Market Access,  National Treatment, Local Presence

Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services

The UK reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to the supply of collection agency services and credit reporting services.

Entry No. II-5 - Business services (placement services)

Sector - Sub-Sector: Business services - placement services

Industry Classification: CPC 87202, 87204, 87205, 87206, 87209

Obligations Concerned: Market Access, National Treatment, Local Presence, Senior Management and Boards of Directors

Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services

The UK reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to the following:

(a) The supply of placement services of domestic help personnel, other commercial or industrial workers, nursing and other personnel (CPC 87204, 87205, 87206, 87209);

(b) Requiring establishment for, and the prohibition of cross-border supply of, placement services of office support personnel and other workers.

Entry No. II-6 - Business services (investigation services)

Sector - Sub-Sector: Business services - investigation services

Industry Classification: CPC 87301

Obligations Concerned: Market Access, National Treatment, Local Presence, Performance Requirements, Senior Management and Boards of Directors

Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services

The UK reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to the supply of investigation services (CPC 87301).

Entry No. II-7 - Business services (other business services)

Sector - Sub-Sector: Business services - other business services

Industry Classification: CPC 86764, 86769, 8868

Obligations Concerned: Market Access, National Treatment, Local Presence

Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services

The UK reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to the cross-border supply of maintenance and repair services in relation to the following:

(a) rail transport equipment;

(b) internal waterways transport vessels;

(c) maritime vessels. Only recognised organisations authorised by the UK may carry out statutory surveys and certification of ships on behalf of the UK. Establishment may be tequired.

Existing measures:  Regulation (EC) No 391/2009 of the European Parliament and the Council of 23 April 2009 on common rules and standards for ship inspection and survey organisations as retained in UK law by the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018, and as amended by the Merchant Shipping (Recognised Organisations) (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019.

Entry No. II-8 - Education services

Sector: Education services

Industry Classification: CPC 92 

Obligations Concerned: Market Access, National Treatment, Local Presence, Senior Management and Boards of Directors, Performance Requirements

Description: Investment and Cross-Border Trade in Services

The UK reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to the following:

(a) All educational services which receive public funding or State support in any form and are therefore not considered to be privately funded. Where the supply of privately funded education services by a foreign provider is permitted, participation of private operators in the education system may be subject to concession allocated on a non-discriminatory basis;

(b) The supply of privately funded other education services, which means other than those classified as being primary, secondary, higher and adult education services (CPC 929).

Entry No. II-9 - Health and social services

Sector: Health and social services

Industry Classification: CPC 931 (other than 9312, part of 93191), CPC 933 Market Access

  • Chapter   1 INITIAL PROVISIONS AND GENERAL DEFINITIONS 1
  • Article   1.1 Establishment of a Free Trade Area 1
  • Article   1.2 Relation to other Agreements 1
  • Article   1.3 Laws and Regulations and Their Amendments 1
  • Article   1.4 General Definitions 1
  • Chapter   2 TRADE IN GOODS 1
  • Article   2.1 Definitions 1
  • Article   2.2 Scope 1
  • Article   2.3 National Treatment 1
  • Article   2.4 Classification of Goods 1
  • Article   2.5 Treatment of Customs Duties 1
  • Article   2.6 Goods Re-entered after Repair or Alteration 1
  • Article   2.7 Application of Non-Tariff Measures 1
  • Article   2.8 Technical Consultations on Non-Tariff Measures 1
  • Article   2.9 Import and Export Restrictions 2
  • Article   2.10 Import Licensing 2
  • Article   2.11 Administrative Fees and Formalities 2
  • Article   2.12 Export Duties, Taxes or other Charges 2
  • Article   2.13 Export Subsidies 2
  • Article   2.14 Export Licensing 2
  • Article   2.15 Remanufactured Goods 2
  • Article   2.16 Committee on Trade In Goods 2
  • Chapter   3 TRADE REMEDIES 2
  • Section   A General Provisions 2
  • Article   3.1 Definitions 2
  • Section   B Anti-dumping and Countervailing Measures 2
  • Article   3.2 General Provision 2
  • Article   3.3 Investigations 2
  • Article   3.4 Lesser-duty Rule 2
  • Section   C Global Safeguard Measures 2
  • Article   3.5 General Provisions and Transparency 2
  • Section   D Bilateral Safeguard Measures 2
  • Article   3.6 Application of a Bilateral Safeguard Measure 2
  • Article   3.7 Duration and Scope 2
  • Article   3.8 Investigation Procedure 2
  • Article   3.9 Notification and Consultation 2
  • Article   3.10 Provisional Application of a Bilateral Safeguard Measure 2
  • Article   3.11 Compensation 2
  • Article   3.12 Non-cumulation 2
  • Article   3.13 Non-application of Dispute Settlement 2
  • Chapter   4 RULES OF ORIGIN AND ORIGIN PROCEDURES 2
  • Section   A Rules of Origin 2
  • Article   4.1 Definitions 2
  • Article   4.2 Origin Criteria 2
  • Article   4.3 Wholly Obtained or Produced Goods 3
  • Article   4.4 Regional Value Content 3
  • Article   4.5 Materials Used In Production 3
  • Article   4.6 Value of Materials Used In Production 3
  • Article   4.7 Further Adjustments to the Value of Materials 3
  • Article   4.8 Recovered Materials and Remanufactured Goods 3
  • Article   4.9 Accumulation 3
  • Article   4.10 Tolerance 3
  • Article   4.11 Fungible Goods or Materials 3
  • Article   4.12 Accessories, Spare Parts, Tools, and Instructional or other Information Materials 3
  • Article   4 Packaging Materials and Containers for Retail Sale 3
  • Article   4.14 Packing Materials and Containers for Shipment 3
  • Article   4.15 Indirect Materials 3
  • Article   4.16 Sets of Goods 3
  • Article   4.17 Non-Alteration 3
  • Section   B Origin Procedures 3
  • Article   4.18 Claims for Preferential Tariff Treatment 3
  • Article   4.19 Basis of a Declaration of Origin or Importer's Knowledge 3
  • Article   4.20 Discrepancies 3
  • Article   4.21 Waiver of Declaration of Origin 3
  • Article   4.22 Obligations Relating to Importation 3
  • Article   4.23 Record Keeping Requirements 3
  • Article   4.24 Verification of Origin 4
  • Article   4.25 Determinations on Claims for Preferential Tariff Treatment 4
  • Article   4.26 Refunds and Claims for Preferential Tariff Treatment after Importation 4
  • Article   4.27 Penalties 4
  • Article   4.28 Confidentiality 4
  • Section   C Other Matters 4
  • Article   4.29 Working Group on Rules of Origin and Customs and Trade Facilitation 4
  • Chapter   5 CUSTOMS PROCEDURES AND TRADE FACILITATION 4
  • Article   5.1 Definitions 4
  • Article   5.2 Scope 4
  • Article   5.3 Customs Procedures and Facilitation of Trade 4
  • Article   5.4 Data, Documentation and Automation 4
  • Article   5.5 Transparency and Publication 4
  • Article   5.6 Simplified Customs Procedures 4
  • Article   5.7 Expedited Shipments 4
  • Article   5.8 Release of Goods 4
  • Article   5.9 Risk Management 5
  • Article   5.10 Advance Rulings 5
  • Article   5.11 Customs Valuation 5
  • Article   5.12 Review and Appeal 5
  • Article   5.13 Penalties 5
  • Article   5.14 Customs Cooperation 5
  • Article   5.15 Single Window 5
  • Article   5.16 Transit and Transhipment 5
  • Article   5.17 Post-clearance Audit 5
  • Article   5.18 Customs Brokers 5
  • Article   5.19 Temporary Admission of Goods 5
  • Article   5.20 Perishable Goods 5
  • Article   5.21 Confidentiality 5
  • Article   5.22 Working Group on Rules of Origin and Customs and Trade Facilitation 5
  • Chapter   6 SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES 5
  • Article   6.1 Definitions 5
  • Article   6.2 Objectives 5
  • Article   6.3 Scope 5
  • Article   6.4 Affirmation of the SPS Agreement 5
  • Article   6.5 Science and Risk Assessment 5
  • Article   6.6 Adaption to Regional Conditions 5
  • Article   6.7 Equivalence 5
  • Article   6.8 Trade Conditions 5
  • Article   6.9 Audit and Verification 5
  • Article   6.10 Certification 6
  • Article   6.11 Import Checks and Fees 6
  • Article   6.12 Emergency SPS Measures 6
  • Article   6.13 Cooperation 6
  • Article   6.14 Transparency, Notification and Information Exchange 6
  • Article   6.15 Technical Consultations 6
  • Article   6.16 Committee on SPS Measures 6
  • Article   6.17 Competent Authorities and Contact Points 6
  • Article   6.18 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 6
  • Chapter   7 TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE 6
  • Article   7.1 Definitions 6
  • Article   7.2 Objective 6
  • Article   7.3 Scope 6
  • Article   7.4 Affirmation of the TBT Agreement 6
  • Article   7.5 Technical Regulations 6
  • Article   7.6 International Standards, Guides, and Recommendations 6
  • Article   7.7 Conformity Assessment Procedures 6
  • Article   7.8 Marking and Labelling 6
  • Article   7.9 Transparency 6
  • Article   7.10 Cooperation and Trade Facilitation 6
  • Article   7.11 Information Exchange 6
  • Article   7.12 Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade 6
  • Article   7.13 Contact Points 6
  • Article   7.14 Dispute Settlement 6
  • Article   7.15 Annex 6
  • Chapter   8 CROSS-BORDER TRADE IN SERVICES 6
  • Article   8.1 Definitions 6
  • Article   8.2 Scope 7
  • Article   8.3 National Treatment  (5) 7
  • Article   8.4 Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment 7
  • Article   8.5 Market Access 7
  • Article   8.6 Local Presence 7
  • Article   8.7 Non-Conforming Measures 7
  • Article   8.8 Domestic Regulation 7
  • Article   8.9 Recognition 7
  • Article   8.10 Denial of Benefits 7
  • Article   8.11 Transparency 7
  • Article   8.12 Payments and Transfers 8
  • Article   8.13 Committee on Services and Investment 8
  • Chapter   9 FINANCIAL SERVICES 8
  • Article   9.1 Definitions 8
  • Article   9.2 Scope 8
  • Article   9.3 Prudential Exception 8
  • Article   9.4 Specific Exceptions 8
  • Article   9.5 National Treatment  (4) 8
  • Article   9.6 Market Access 8
  • Article   9.7 Local Presence 8
  • Article   9.8 Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment 8
  • Article   9.9 Senior Management and Boards of Directors 8
  • Article   9.10 Non-Conforming Measures 9
  • Article   9.11 Transparency 9
  • Article   9.12 Financial Data and Information  (17) 9
  • Article   9.13 Payment and Clearing 9
  • Article   9.14 Performance of Back-Office Functions 9
  • Article   9.15 Self-Regulatory Organisations 9
  • Article   9.16 Electronic Payments 9
  • Article   9.17 Financial Services New to the Territory of a Party 9
  • Article   9.18 Financial Services New to the Territories of Both Parties 9
  • Article   9.19 Sustainable Finance 9
  • Article   9.20 Recognition of Prudential Measures 9
  • Article   9.21 Institutional Provisions 9
  • Article   9.22 Consultations 9
  • Article   9.23 Dispute Settlement 9
  • Article   9.24 Financial Services Regulatory Cooperation 9
  • ANNEX 9A  Cross-Border Trade in Financial Services 9
  • ANNEX 9B  Authorities Responsible for Financial Services 10
  • ANNEX 9C  Financial Services Regulatory Cooperation 10
  • Article   9C.1 Objectives of Regulatory Cooperation 10
  • Article   9C.2 Scope of Regulatory Cooperation 10
  • Article   9C.3 Principles of Regulatory Cooperation 10
  • Article   9C.4 Joint Financial Regulatory Forum 10
  • Article   9C.5 Framework for Regulatory Cooperation 10
  • Article   9C.6 Mediation 10
  • Article   9C.7 Termination of Deference 10
  • Article   9C.8 Emerging Issues 10
  • Article   9C.9 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 11
  • Chapter   10 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AND RECOGNITION OF PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS 11
  • Article   10.1 Definitions 11
  • Article   10.2 Scope 11
  • Article   10.3 Objectives 11
  • Article   10.4 General Principles for Professional Services 11
  • Article   10.5 Recognition of Professional Qualifications 11
  • Article   10.6 Professional Services Working Group 11
  • Article   10.7 Legal Services 11
  • Article   10.8 Legal Services Regulatory Dialogue 11
  • Chapter   11 TEMPORARY ENTRY FOR BUSINESS PERSONS 11
  • Article   11.1 Definitions 11
  • Article   11.2 Scope 11
  • Article   11.3 Application Procedures 11
  • Article   11.4 Grant of Temporary Entry 11
  • Article   11.5 Provision of Information 11
  • Article   11.6 Relation to other Chapters 11
  • Article   11.7 Dispute Settlement 11
  • Article   11.8 Cooperation on Return and Readmissions 11
  • Chapter   12 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 12
  • Article   12.1 Definitions 12
  • Article   12.2 Scope 12
  • Article   12.3 Approaches to Regulation 12
  • Article   12.4 Access and Use 12
  • Article   12.5 Access to Essential Facilities and Unbundled Network Elements 12
  • Article   12.6 Resale 12
  • Article   12.7 Competitive Safeguards 12
  • Article   12.8 Treatment by Major Suppliers 12
  • Article   12.9 Interconnection with Suppliers 12
  • Article   12.10 Interconnection with Major Suppliers 12
  • Article   12.11 Number Portability 12
  • Article   12.12 Access to Numbers 12
  • Article   12.13 International Mobile Roaming 12
  • Article   12.14 Submarine Cable Landing Stations and Systems 12
  • Article   12.15 Independent Regulatory Authorities 12
  • Article   12.16 Universal Service 12
  • Article   12.17 Licensing and Authorisation Process 12
  • Article   12.18 Scarce Resources 12
  • Article   12.19 Flexibility In the Choice of Technology 12
  • Article   12.20 Resolution of Telecommunications Disputes 13
  • Article   12.21 Transparency 13
  • Article   12.22 Enforcement 13
  • Article   12.23 Relation to International Organisations 13
  • Article   12.24 Cooperation 13
  • Article   12.25 Confidentiality 13
  • Chapter   13 INVESTMENT 13
  • Article   13.1 Definitions 13
  • Article   13.2 Scope 13
  • Article   13.3 Relation to other Chapters 13
  • Article   13.4 Market Access 13
  • Article   13.5 National Treatment  (9) 13
  • Article   13.6 Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment 13
  • Article   13.7 Minimum Standard of Treatment  (11) 13
  • Article   13.8 Treatment In Case of Armed Conflict or Civil Strife 13
  • Article   13.9 Expropriation and Compensation  (12) 13
  • Article   13.10 Transfers 13
  • Article   13.11 Performance Requirements 14
  • Article   13.12 Senior Management and Boards of Directors 14
  • Article   13.13 Non-Conforming Measures 14
  • Article   13.14 Subrogation 14
  • Article   13.15 Special Formalities and Information Requirements 14
  • Article   13.16 Denial of Benefits  (23) 14
  • Article   13.17 Investment and Environmental, Health, and other Regulatory Objectives 14
  • Article   13.18 Investment and the Environment 14
  • Article   13.19 Corporate Social Responsibility 14
  • ANNEX 13A  CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 14
  • ANNEX 13B  EXPROPRIATION 14
  • ANNEX 13C  FOREIGN INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK 14
  • Chapter   14 DIGITAL TRADE 14
  • Article   14.1 Definitions 14
  • Article   14.2 Scope and General Provisions 14
  • Article   14.3 Customs Duties 15
  • Article   14.4 Domestic Electronic Transactions Framework 15
  • Article   14.5 Conclusion of Contracts by Electronic Means 15
  • Article   14.6 Electronic Authentication and Electronic Trust Services 15
  • Article   14.7 Digital Identities 15
  • Article   14.8 Paperless Trading 15
  • Article   14.9 Electronic Invoicing 15
  • Article   14.10 Cross-Border Transfer of Information by Electronic Means 15
  • Article   14.11 Location of Computing Facilities 15
  • Article   14.12 Personal Information Protection 15
  • Article   14.13 Open Government Data 15
  • Article   14.14 Data Innovation 15
  • Article   14.15 Open Internet Access 15
  • Article   14.16 Online Consumer Protection 15
  • Article   14.17 Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Messages 15
  • Article   14.18 Source Code 15
  • Article   14.19 Commercial Information and Communication Technology Products That Use Cryptography 15
  • Article   14.20 Cybersecurity 15
  • Article   14.21 Cooperation 15
  • Chapter   15 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 16
  • Section   A General Provisions 16
  • Article   15.1 Definitions 16
  • Article   15.2 Objectives 16
  • Article   15.3 Principles 16
  • Article   15.4 Understandings In Respect of this Chapter 16
  • Article   15.5 Nature and Scope of Obligations 16
  • Article   15.6 Understandings Regarding Certain Public Health Measures 16
  • Article   15.7 International Agreements 16
  • Article   15.8 National Treatment 16
  • Article   15.9 Transparency 16
  • Article   15.10 Application of Chapter to Existing Subject Matter and Prior Acts 16
  • Article   15.11 Exhaustion of Intellectual Property Rights 16
  • Article   15.12 Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions 16
  • Section   B Cooperation 16
  • Article   15.13 Contact Points for Cooperation 16
  • Article   15.14 Cooperation 16
  • Article   15.15 Committee on Intellectual Property Rights 16
  • Article   15.16 Patent Cooperation and Work Sharing 16
  • Article   15.17 Public Domain 16
  • Article   15.18 Cooperation In the Area of Traditional Knowledge Associated with Genetic Resources 16
  • Article   15.19 Cooperation on Request 17
  • Section   C Trade Marks 17
  • Article   15.20 Types of Signs Registrable as Trade Marks 17
  • Article   15.21 Collective and Certification Marks 17
  • Article   15.22 Rights Conferred 17
  • Article   15.23 Exceptions 17
  • Article   15.24 Well-Known Trade Marks 17
  • Article   15.25 Procedural Aspects of Examination, Opposition and Cancellation 17
  • Article   15.26 Bad Faith Applications 17
  • Article   15.27 Electronic Trade Marks Systems 17
  • Article   15.28 Term of Protection for Trade Marks 17
  • Article   15.29 Efforts Toward the Harmonisation of Trade Mark Systems 17
  • Article   15.30 Domain Names 17
  • Section   D Geographical Indications 17
  • Article   15.31 Procedures for the Recognition and Protection of Geographical Indications 17
  • Article   15.32 System and Standard of Protection for Geographical Indications 17
  • Article   15.33 Protection of Geographical Indications 17
  • Article   15.34 Consultations on Geographical Indications 17
  • Article   15.35 Amendments Relating to Geographical Indications 17
  • Section   E Patents and Data 17
  • Article   15.36 Rights Conferred 17
  • Article   15.37 Patentable Subject Matter 17
  • Article   15.38 Exceptions 17
  • Article   15.39 Experimental Use 17
  • Article   15.40 Regulatory Review Exception 17
  • Article   15.41 Other Use without Authorisation of the Right Holder 17
  • Article   15.42 Patent Filing 17
  • Article   15.43 Amendments, Corrections and Observations 17
  • Article   15.44 Publication of Patent Applications 17
  • Article   15.45 Information Relating to Published Patent Applications and Granted Patents 17
  • Article   15.46 Conditions on Patent Applicants 17
  • Article   15.47 Extension of the Duration of Rights Conferred by a Patent 17
  • Section   F Undisclosed Test or other Data 17
  • Article   15.48 Protection of Undisclosed Test or other Data for Agricultural Chemical Products 17
  • Article   15.49 Protection of Undisclosed Test or other Data for Pharmaceutical Products 17
  • Section   G Registered Industrial Designs 17
  • Article   15.50 Protection of Registered Industrial Designs 17
  • Article   15.51 Duration of Protection 17
  • Article   15.52 Multiple Design Applications 17
  • Article   15.53 Improving Industrial Design Systems 17
  • Article   15.54 International Classification System for Industrial Designs 17
  • Article   15.55 International Registration of Industrial Designs 17
  • Section   H Copyright and Related Rights 18
  • Article   15.56 Authors 18
  • Article   15.57 Performers 18
  • Article   15.58 Producers of Phonograms 18
  • Article   15.59 Broadcasting Organisations 18
  • Article   15.60 Broadcasting and Communication to the Public of Phonograms Published for Commercial Purposes 18
  • Article   15.61 Artist's Resale Right 18
  • Article   15.62 Limitations and Exceptions 18
  • Article   15.63 Balance In Copyright and Related Rights Systems 18
  • Article   15.64 Term of Protection 18
  • Article   15.65 Collective Management Organisations 18
  • Article   15.66 Technological Protection Measures 18
  • Article   15.67 Rights Management Information 18
  • Article   15.68 Application of Article 18 of the Berne Convention and Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement 18
  • Section   I Trade Secrets 18
  • Article   15.69 Trade Secrets 18
  • Section   J Enforcement 18
  • Subsection   J.1 General Obligations 18
  • Article   15.70 General Obligations 18
  • Subsection   J.2 Enforcement - Civil Remedies 18
  • Article   15.71 Availability of Civil Enforcement 18
  • Article   15.72 Measures for Preserving Evidence 18
  • Article   15.73 Provisional and Precautionary Measures 18
  • Article   15.74 Right to Information 18
  • Article   15.75 Injunctions 18
  • Article   15.76 Corrective Measures 18
  • Article   15.77 Damages 18
  • Article   15.78 Costs 18
  • Article   15.79 Safeguards 19
  • Article   15.80 Administrative Procedures 19
  • Subsection   J.3 Enforcement - Border Measures 19
  • Article   15.81 Border Measures 19
  • Subsection   J.4 Enforcement - Criminal Remedies 19
  • Article   15.82 Criminal Offences 19
  • Article   15.83 Penalties 19
  • Article   15.84 Seizure, Forfeiture and Destruction 19
  • Article   15.85 Ex Officio Enforcement 19
  • Article   15.86 Liability of Legal Persons 19
  • Subsection   J.5 Enforcement In the Digital Environment 19
  • Article   15.87 General Obligations on Enforcement In the Digital Environment 19
  • Article   15.88 Limitations on Liability of Internet Service Providers 19
  • Article   15.89 Blocking Orders 19
  • Article   15.90 Procedures for Domain Registrars 19
  • Article   15.91 Disclosure of Information 19
  • Subsection   J.6 Enforcement Practices with Respect to Intellectual Property Rights 19
  • Article   15.92 Transparency of Judicial Decisions and Administrative Rulings 19
  • Article   15.93 Voluntary Stakeholder Initiatives 19
  • Article   15.94 Public Awareness 19
  • Article   15.95 Specialised Enforcement Expertise, Information and Domestic Coordination 19
  • Article   15.96 Environmental Considerations In Destruction and Disposal of Infringing Goods 19
  • Chapter   16 GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT 19
  • Article   16.1 Definitions 19
  • Article   16.2 Scope 19
  • Article   16.3 General Exceptions. 20
  • Article   16.4 General Principles 20
  • Article   16.5 Information on the Procurement System 20
  • Article   16.6 Notices 20
  • Article   16.7 Conditions for Participation 20
  • Article   16.8 Qualification of Suppliers 20
  • Article   16.9 Technical Specifications and Tender DocumentationTechnical Specifications 20
  • Article   16.10 Time-Periods 21
  • Article   16.11 Negotiations 21
  • Article   16.12 Limited Tendering 21
  • Article   16.13 Electronic Auctions 21
  • Article   16.14 Treatment of Tenders and Awarding of ContractsTreatment of Tenders 21
  • Article   16.15 Transparency of Procurement 21
  • Article   16.16 Disclosure of Information 21
  • Article   16.17 Environmental, Social and Labour Considerations 21
  • Article   16.18 Ensuring Integrity In Procurement Practices 21
  • Article   16.19 Domestic Review Procedures 21
  • Article   16.20 Modifications and Rectifications to Annex 21
  • Article   16.21 Facilitation of Participation by SMEs 22
  • Article   16.22 Cooperation 22
  • Chapter   17 COMPETITION POLICY AND CONSUMER PROTECTION 22
  • Article   17.1 Competition Law and Authorities 22
  • Article   17.2 Procedural Fairness In Competition Law Enforcement 22
  • Article   17.3 Private Rights of Action 22
  • Article   17.4 Transparency 22
  • Article   17.5 Consumer Protection 22
  • Article   17.6 Cooperation on Competition Policy and Consumer Protection 22
  • Article   17.7 Consultation 22
  • Article   17.8 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 22
  • Chapter   18 STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES AND DESIGNATED MONOPOLIES 22
  • Article   18.1 Definitions 22
  • Article   18.2 Scope  (8) 22
  • Article   18.3 Delegated Authority 23
  • Article   18.4 Non-discriminatory Treatment and Commercial Considerations 23
  • Article   18.5 Courts and Administrative Bodies 23
  • Article   18.6 Non-commercial Assistance 23
  • Article   18.7 Adverse Effects 23
  • Article   18.8 Injury 23
  • Article   18.9 Application to Sub Central State-Owned Enterprises and Designated Monopolies 23
  • Article   18.10 Transparency 23
  • Article   18.11 Cooperation 23
  • Article   18.12 Contact Points 23
  • Article   18.13 Exceptions 23
  • Article   18.14 Further Negotiations 24
  • Article   18.15 Process for Developing Information 24
  • Chapter   19 SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES 24
  • Article   19.1 General Provisions 24
  • Article   19.2 Information Sharing 24
  • Article   19.3 Contact Points on SMEs 24
  • Article   19.4 Cooperation to Increase Trade and Investment Opportunities for SMEs 24
  • Article   19.5 Other Provisions That Benefit SMEs 24
  • Article   19.6 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 24
  • Chapter   20 INNOVATION 24
  • Article   20.1 Definitions 24
  • Article   20.2 Objective 24
  • Article   20.3 General Provisions 24
  • Article   20.4 Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technologies 24
  • Article   20.5 Strategic Innovation Dialogue 24
  • Article   20.6 Review of this Agreement 24
  • Article   20.7 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 24
  • Chapter   21 LABOUR 24
  • Article   21.1 Definitions 24
  • Article   21.2 Right to Regulate and Levels of Protection 25
  • Article   21.3 Statement of Shared Commitment 25
  • Article   21.4 Labour Rights 25
  • Article   21.5 Non Derogation 25
  • Article   21.6 Enforcement of Labour Laws 25
  • Article   21.7 Modern Slavery 25
  • Article   21.8 Non-Discrimination and Gender Equality In the Workplace 25
  • Article   21.9 Corporate Social Responsibility 25
  • Article   21.10 Public Awareness and Procedural Guarantees 25
  • Article   21.11 Public Submissions 25
  • Article   21.12 Cooperation 25
  • Article   21.13 Committee on Cooperation 25
  • Article   21.14 Contact Points 25
  • Article   21.15 Public Engagement 25
  • Article   21.16 Labour Consultations and Dispute Settlement 25
  • Chapter   22 ENVIRONMENT 25
  • Article   22.1 Definitions 25
  • Article   22.2 Objectives 25
  • Article   22.3 General Commitments 25
  • Article   22.4 Multilateral Environmental Agreements 26
  • Article   22.5 Climate Change 26
  • Article   22.6 Environmental Goods and Services 26
  • Article   22.7 Circular Economy 26
  • Article   22.8 Ozone Depleting Substances and Hydrofluorocarbons 26
  • Article   22.9 Air Quality 26
  • Article   22.10 Protection of the Marine Environment from Ship Pollution 26
  • Article   22.11 Marine Litter 26
  • Article   22.12 Marine Wild Capture Fisheries  (9) 26
  • Article   22.13 Sustainable Forest Management and Trade 26
  • Article   22.14 Trade and Biodiversity 26
  • Article   22.15 Invasive Alien Species 26
  • Article   22.16 Conservation and Illegal Wildlife Trade 27
  • Article   22.17 Corporate Social Responsibility 27
  • Article   22.18 Opportunities for Public Participation 27
  • Article   22.19 Public Submissions 27
  • Article   22.20 Cooperation Frameworks 27
  • Article   22.21 Environment Working Group 27
  • Article   22.22 Environment Contact Points 27
  • Article   22.23 Environment Consultations 27
  • Article   22.24 Joint Committee Consultations 27
  • Article   22.25 Ministerial Consultations 27
  • Article   22.26 Dispute Resolution 27
  • ANNEX 22A  27
  • ANNEX 22.B  27
  • Chapter   23 DEVELOPMENT 27
  • Article   23.1 General Provisions 27
  • Article   23.2 Joint Development Activities 27
  • Article   23.3 Committee on Cooperation 27
  • Article   23.4 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 27
  • Chapter   24 TRADE AND GENDER EQUALITY 27
  • Article   24.1 Objectives 27
  • Article   24.2 Trade and Gender Equality Cooperation Activities 27
  • Article   24.3 Dialogue on Trade and Gender Equality 27
  • Article   24.4 Non-application of Dispute Settlement 27
  • Chapter   25 ANIMAL WELFARE AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE 27
  • Article   25.1 Animal Welfare 27
  • Article   25.2 Antimicrobial Resistance 27
  • Article   25.3 Non-application of Dispute Settlement 27
  • Chapter   26 GOOD REGULATORY PRACTICES 28
  • Article   26.1 Definitions 28
  • Article   26.2 General Provisions 28
  • Article   26.3 Internal Coordination and Review Processes or Mechanisms 28
  • Article   26.4 Descriptions of Regulatory Processes and Mechanisms 28
  • Article   26.5 Impact Assessment 28
  • Article   26.6 Public Consultation 28
  • Article   26.7 Use of Plain Language 28
  • Article   26.8 Regulatory Register 28
  • Article   26.9 Retrospective Review 28
  • Article   26.10 Regulatory Cooperation 28
  • Article   26.11 Contact Points 28
  • Article   26.12 Relation to other Chapters 28
  • Article   26.13 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 28
  • Chapter   27 COOPERATION 28
  • Article   27.1 General Provisions 28
  • Article   27.2 Areas of Cooperation 28
  • Article   27.3 Contact Points 28
  • Article   27.4 Committee on Cooperation 28
  • Article   27.5 Resources 28
  • Article   27.6 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 28
  • Chapter   28 TRANSPARENCY AND ANTI-CORRUPTION 28
  • Article   28.1 Definitions 28
  • Section   A Transparency 28
  • Article   28.2 Publication 28
  • Article   28.3 Administrative Proceedings 29
  • Article   28.4 Review and Appeal  (1) 29
  • Article   28.5 Provision of Information 29
  • Article   28.6 Accessible and Open Government 29
  • Section   B Anti-Corruption 29
  • Article   28.7 Scope 29
  • Article   28.8 General Provisions 29
  • Article   28.9 Measures to Prevent and Combat Bribery and Corruption 29
  • Article   28.10 Persons That Report Bribery or Corruption Offences 29
  • Article   28.11 Promoting Integrity Among Public Officials 29
  • Article   28.12 Participation of Private Sector and Civil Society 29
  • Article   28.13 Application and Enforcement of Measures to Prevent and Combat Bribery and Corruption 29
  • Article   28.14 Relation to other Agreements 29
  • Article   28.15 Cooperation, Consultation, and Dispute Settlement 29
  • Chapter   29 ADMINISTRATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS 29
  • Article   29.1 Establishment of the Joint Committee 29
  • Article   29.2 Functions of the Joint Committee 29
  • Article   29.3 Decision-Making 29
  • Article   29.4 Rules of Procedure of the Joint Committee 29
  • Article   29.5 Contact Points 29
  • Chapter   30 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 29
  • Article   30.1 Definitions 29
  • Article   30.2 Objective 29
  • Article   30.3 Cooperation 29
  • Article   30.4 Scope 29
  • Article   30.5 Choice of Forum 30
  • Article   30.6 Good Offices, Conciliation, and Mediation 30
  • Article   30.7 Consultations 30
  • Article   30.8 Request for Establishment of a Panel 30
  • Article   30.9 Establishment and Reconvening of Panels 30
  • Article   30.10 Qualifications of Panellists 30
  • Article   30.11 Functions of a Panel  (3) 30
  • Article   30.12 Reports of a Panel 30
  • Article   30.13 Rules of Procedure and Code of Conduct 30
  • Article   30.14 Compliance with the Final Report 30
  • Article   30.15 Compliance Review 30
  • Article   30.16 Temporary Remedies for Non-Compliance 30
  • Article   30.17 Compliance Review after the Adoption of Temporary Remedies 31
  • Article   30.18 Suspension or Termination of Proceedings 31
  • Article   30.19 Time Periods and Cases of Urgency 31
  • Article   30.20 Mutually Agreed Solution 31
  • Article   30.21 Administration of the Dispute Settlement Procedure 31
  • Article   30.22 Contact Point 31
  • Chapter   31 GENERAL PROVISIONS AND EXCEPTIONS 31
  • Article   31.1 General Exceptions 31
  • Article   31.2 Security Exceptions 31
  • Article   31.3 Temporary Safeguard Measures 31
  • Article   31.4 Taxation Measures 31
  • Article   31.5 Disclosure of Information 31
  • Article   31.6 Confidentiality of Information 31
  • Article   31.7 The National Health Service and Australia's Health System 31
  • Chapter   32 FINAL PROVISIONS 31
  • Article   32.1 Annexes, Appendices and Footnotes 31
  • Article   32.2 Amendments 31
  • Article   32.3 Amendment of International Agreements 31
  • Article   32.4 Territorial Extension 31
  • Article   32.5 Territorial Disapplication 31
  • Article   32.6 General Review 31
  • Article   32.7 Entry Into Force 31
  • Article   32.8 Termination 31
  • ANNEX I  EXPLANATORY NOTES 31
  • ANNEX I  SCHEDULE OF AUSTRALIA 32
  • ANNEX I  SCHEDULE OF THE UNITED KINGDOM 35
  • ANNEX II  EXPLANATORY NOTES 36
  • ANNEX II  SCHEDULE OF AUSTRALIA 36
  • ANNEX II  SCHEDULE OF THE UNITED KINGDOM 38