Korea, Republic of - United Kingdom FTA (2019)
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Article 10.55. Liability of Legal Persons

1. Each Party shall adopt such measures as may be necessary, consistent with its legal principles, to establish the liability of legal persons for the offences referred to in Article10.53.

2. Such liability shall be without prejudice to the criminal liability of the natural persons who have committed the criminal offences.

Article 10.56. Aiding and Abetting

The provisions of this Sub-section shall apply to aiding and abetting of the offences referred to in Article 10.53.

Article 10.57. Seizure

In case of an offence referred to in Article 10.53, each Party shall provide that its competent authorities shall have the authority to order the seizure of suspected counterfeit trademark goods or pirated copyright goods, any related materials and implements predominantly used in the commission of the alleged offence, documentary evidence relevant to the alleged offence and any assets derived from, or obtained directly or indirectly through, the infringing activity.

Article 10.58. Penalties

For the offences referred to in Article 10.53, each Party shall provide for penalties that include sentences of imprisonment and/or monetary fines that are effective, proportionate and dissuasive.

Article 10.59. Confiscation

1. For the offences referred to in Article 10.53, each Party shall provide that its competent authorities shall have the authority to order confiscation and/or destruction of all counterfeit trademark goods or pirated copyright goods, materials and implements predominantly used in the creation of counterfeit trademark goods or pirated copyright goods and the assets derived from, or obtained directly or indirectly through, the infringing activity.

2. Each Party shall ensure that the counterfeit trademark goods and pirated copyright goods that have been confiscated under this Article shall, if not destroyed, be disposed of outside the channels of commerce, under the condition that the goods are not dangerous for the health and security of persons.

3. Each Party shall further ensure that confiscation and destruction under this Article shall occur without compensation of any kind of the defendant.

4. Each Party may provide that its judicial authorities have the authority to order the confiscation of assets the value of which corresponds to that of such assets derived from, or obtained directly or indirectly through, the infringing activity.

Article 10.60. Rights of Third Parties

Each Party shall ensure that the rights of third parties shall be duly protected and guaranteed.

Subsection C. LIABILITY OF ONLINE SERVICE PROVIDERS

Article 10.61. Liability of Online Service Providers  (24)

The Parties recognise that the services of intermediaries may be used by third parties for infringing activities. To ensure the free movement of information services and at the same time enforce intellectual property rights in the digital environment, each Party shall provide for the measures set out in Articles 10.62 through 10.65 for intermediary service providers where they are in no way involved with the information transmitted.

(24) For the purposes of the function referred to in Article 10.62, service provider means a provider of transmission, routing, or connections for digital online communications without modification of their content between or among points specified by the user of material of the user's choosing, and for the purpose of the functions referred to in Articles 10.63 and 10.64 service provider means a provider or operator of facilities for online services or network access.

Article 10.62. Liability of Online Service Providers: "Mere Conduit"

1. Where an information society service is provided that consists of the transmission in a communication network of information provided by a recipient of the service, or the provision of access to a communication network, the Parties shall ensure that the service provider is not liable for the information transmitted, on condition that the provider:

(a) does not initiate the transmission;

(b) does not select the receiver of the transmission; and

(c) does not select or modify the information contained in the transmission.

2. The acts of transmission and of provision of access referred to in paragraph 1 include the automatic, intermediate and transient storage of the information transmitted in so far as such storage takes place for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission in the communication network, and provided that the information is not stored for any period longer than is reasonably necessary for the transmission.

3. This Article shall not affect the possibility, in accordance with the Parties' legal systems, of a judicial or administrative authority requiring the service provider to terminate or prevent an infringement.

Article 10.63. Liability of Online Service Providers: "Caching"

1. Where an information society service is provided that consists of the transmission in a communication network of information provided by a recipient of the service, the Parties shall ensure that the service provider is not liable for the automatic, intermediate and temporary storage of that information, performed for the sole purpose of making more efficient the information's onward transmission to other recipients of the service upon their request, on condition that the provider:

(a) does not modify the information;

(b) complies with conditions on access to the information;

(c) complies with rules regarding updating of the information, specified in a manner widely recognised and used by industry;

(d) does not interfere with the lawful use of technology, widely recognised and used by industry, to obtain data on the use of the information; and

(e) acts expeditiously to remove or to disable access to the information it has stored upon obtaining actual knowledge of the fact that the information at the initial source of the transmission has been removed from the network, or access to it has been disabled, or that a judicial or an administrative authority has ordered such removal or disablement.

2. This Article shall not affect the possibility, in accordance with the Parties' legal systems, of a judicial or administrative authority requiring the service provider to terminate or prevent an infringement.

Article 10.64. Liability of Online Service Providers: "Hosting"

1. Where an information society service is provided that consists of the storage of information provided by a recipient of the service, the Parties shall ensure that the service provider is not liable for the information stored at the request of a recipient of the service, on condition that the provider:

(a) does not have actual knowledge of illegal activity or information and, as regards claims for damages, is not aware of facts or circumstances from which the illegal activity or information is apparent; or

(b) upon obtaining such knowledge or awareness acts expeditiously to remove or to disable access to the information.

2. Paragraph 1 shall not apply when the recipient of the service is acting under the authority or the control of the provider.

3. This Article shall not affect the possibility, in accordance with the Parties' legal systems, of a judicial or administrative authority requiring the service provider to terminate or prevent an infringement, nor does it affect the possibility of the Parties establishing procedures governing the removal or disabling of access to information.

Article 10.65. No General Obligation to Monitor

1. The Parties shall not impose a general obligation on providers, when providing the services covered by Articles 10.62 through 10.64, to monitor the information which they transmit or store, nor a general obligation to actively seek facts or circumstances indicating illegal activity.

2. The Parties may establish obligations for information society service providers to promptly inform the competent authorities of alleged illegal activities undertaken or information provided by recipients of their service, or to communicate to the competent authorities, at their request, information enabling the identification of recipients of their service with whom they have storage agreements.

Subsection D. OTHER PROVISIONS

Article 10.66. Border Measures

1. Each Party shall, unless otherwise provided for in this Section, adopt procedures (25) to enable a right holder, who has valid grounds for suspecting that the importation, exportation, re-exportation, customs transit, transhipment, placement under a free zone (26), placement under a suspensive procedure (27) or a bonded warehouse of goods infringing an intellectual property right (28) may take place, to lodge an application in writing with competent authorities, administrative or judicial, for the suspension by the customs authorities of the release into free circulation or the detention of such goods.

2. The Parties shall provide that when the customs authorities, in the course of their actions and before an application has been lodged by a right holder or granted, have sufficient grounds for suspecting that goods infringe an intellectual property right, they may suspend the release of the goods or detain them in order to enable the right holder to submit an application for action in accordance with the paragraph 1.

3. Any rights or obligations established in the implementation of Section 4 of Part III of the TRIPS Agreement concerning the importer shall also be applicable to the exporter or if necessary to the holder (29) of the goods.

(25) It is understood that there shall be no obligation to apply such procedures to imports of goods put on the market in another country by or with the consent of the right holder.
(26) "Customs transit, transhipment and placement under a free zone" as defined in the Kyoto Convention.
(27) For Korea, "placement under a suspensive procedure" includes temporary importation and bonded factory. For the United Kingdom, "placement under a suspensive procedure" includes temporary importation, inward processing and processing under customs control.
(28) For the purposes of this Article, goods infringing an intellectual property right means: (a) counterfeit goods, which are: (i) goods, including packaging, bearing without authorisation a trademark identical to the trademark duly registered in respect of the same type of goods, or which cannot be distinguished in its essential aspects from such a trademark, and which thereby infringes the trademark holder's rights; (ii) any trademark symbol (logo, label, sticker, brochure, instructions for use or guarantee document), even if presented separately, on the same conditions as the goods referred to in subparagraph (a)(i); or (iii) packaging materials bearing the trademarks of counterfeit goods, presented separately, on the same conditions as the goods referred to in subparagraph (a)(i); (b) pirated copyright goods, which are or contain copies made without the consent of the right holder, or of a person duly authorised by the right holder in the country of production, of a copyright or related right, regardless of whether it is registered in each Party's legislation; or (c) goods which, according to the legislation of the Party in which the application for customs action is made, infringe: (i) a patent; (ii) a plant variety right; (iii) a registered design; or (iv) a geographical indication.
(29) Including at least the person who is the owner of the goods or the person who has a similar right of disposal over them.

Article 10.67. Codes of Conduct

The Parties shall encourage:

(a) the development by trade or professional associations or organisations of codes of conduct aimed at contributing towards the enforcement of intellectual property rights, particularly by recommending the use on optical discs of a code enabling the identification of the origin of their manufacture; and

(b) the submission to the competent authorities of the Parties of draft codes of conduct and of any evaluations of the application of these codes of conduct.

Article 10.68. Cooperation

1. The Parties agree to cooperate with a view to supporting implementation of the commitments and obligations undertaken under this Chapter. Areas of cooperation include, but are not limited to, the following activities:

(a) exchange of information on the legal framework concerning intellectual property rights and relevant rules of protection and enforcement; exchange of experiences on legislative progress;

(b) exchange of experiences on enforcement of intellectual property rights;

(c) exchange of experiences on enforcement at central and sub-central level by customs, police, administrative and judiciary bodies; co- ordination to prevent exports of counterfeit goods, including with other countries;

(d) capacity-building; and

(e) promotion and dissemination of information on intellectual property rights in, infer alia, business circles and civil society; promotion of public awareness of consumers and right holders.

2. Without prejudice and as a complement to paragraph 1, the United Kingdom and Korea agree to establish and maintain an effective dialogue on intellectual property issues (IP Dialogue) to address topics relevant to the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights covered by this Chapter, and any other relevant issue.

UNDERSTANDING ON FOOTNOTE 14 TO ARTICLE 10.30 OF THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CHAPTER

During discussions on Chapter Ten (Intellectual Property) of this Agreement, the Parties discussed the need for the inclusion of new footnote 14 to Article 10.30 for the purposes of clarification and to preserve the status quo.

The Parties share the understanding that two types of unregistered design right operate alongside one another in the United Kingdom: a national Unregistered Design Right, provided for by Part III, Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 and a Community Unregistered Design right provided for by EU Regulation (EC) No 6/2002 on Community designs.

The Parties agree that Article 10.30 of this Agreement only applies to the European Union's Community unregistered design right as retained in the United Kingdom's law through the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 after the United Kingdom leaves the European Union. The Parties recognise that this is because the Korea-EU FTA only applies to the Community unregistered design right.

Based on this understanding, the Parties agree that footnote 14 provides this clarification.

The United Kingdom confirms that the inclusion of footnote 14 does not affect the conditions under which a design qualifies for protection as a national unregistered design right or a Community unregistered design right as retained in the United Kingdom’s law through the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (referred to above). Accordingly, the United Kingdom intends that those Korean businesses or persons eligible to use these rights previously will continue to be able to do so after the United Kingdom leaves the European Union.

This Understanding shall constitute an integral part of this Agreement.

Chapter ELEVEN. COMPETITION

Section A. COMPETITION

Article 11.1. Principles

1. The Parties recognise the importance of free and undistorted competition in their trade relations. The Parties undertake to apply their respective competition laws so as to prevent the benefits of the trade liberalisation process in goods, services and establishment from being removed or eliminated by anti-competitive business conduct or anti-competitive transactions.

2. The Parties shall maintain in their respective territories comprehensive competition laws which effectively address restrictive agreements, concerted practices (1) and abuse of dominance by one or more enterprises, and which provide effective control of concentrations between enterprises.

3. The Parties agree that the following activities restricting competition are incompatible with the proper functioning of this Agreement, in so far as they may affect trade between them:

(a) agreements between enterprises, decisions by associations of enterprises and concerted practices, which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition in the territory of either Party as a whole or in a substantial part thereof;

(b) any abuse by one or more enterprises of a dominant position in the territory of either Party as a whole or in a substantial part thereof; or

(c) concentrations between enterprises, which significantly impede effective competition, in particular as a result of the creation or strengthening of a dominant position in the territory of either Party as a whole or in a substantial part thereof.

(1) The application of this Article to concerted practices is determined by each Party's competition laws.

Article 11.2. Definitions

For the purposes of this Section, competition laws means:

(a) for the United Kingdom, the Competition Act 1998 (c. 41), and Parts 3 and 6 and section 204 of, and Schedules 7, 8, and 10 to, the Enterprise Act 2002 (c.40), and any subordinate legislation made under those provisions, asamended from time to time;

(b) for Korea, the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act and its implementing regulations and amendments; and

(c) any changes that instruments set out in this Article may undergo after the entry into force of this Agreement.

Article 11.3. Implementation

1. The Parties shall maintain an authority or authorities responsible for, and appropriately equipped for, the implementation of the competition laws set out in Article 11.2.

2. The Parties recognise the importance of applying their respective competition laws in a transparent, timely and non-discriminatory manner, respecting the principles of procedural fairness and rights of defence of the parties concerned.

3. Upon request of a Party, the other Party shall make available to the requesting Party public information concerning its competition law enforcement activities and legislation related to the obligations covered by this Section.

Article 11.4. Public Enterprises and Enterprises Entrusted with Special Rights or Exclusive Rights  (2)

1. With respect to public enterprises and enterprises entrusted with special rights or exclusive rights:

(a) neither Party shall adopt or maintain any measure contrary to the principles contained in Article 11.1; and

(b) the Parties shall ensure that such enterprises are subject to the competition laws set out in Article 11.2,

in so far as the application of these principles and competition laws does not obstruct the performance, in law or in fact, of the particular tasks assigned to them.

2. Nothing in paragraph 1 shall be construed to prevent a Party from establishing or maintaining a public enterprise, entrusting enterprises with special or exclusive rights or maintaining such rights.

(2) Special rights are granted by a Party when it designates or limits to two or more the number of enterprises authorised to provide goods or services, other than according to objective, proportional and non-discriminatory criteria, or confers on enterprises legal or regulatory advantages which substantially affect the ability of any other enterprise to provide the same goods or services.

Article 11.5. State Monopolies

1. Each Party shall adjust state monopolies of a commercial character so as to ensure that no discriminatory measure (3) regarding the conditions under which goods are procured and marketed exists between natural or legal persons of the Parties.

2. Nothing in paragraph 1 shall be construed to prevent a Party from establishing or maintaining a state monopoly.

3. This Article is without prejudice to the rights and obligations set out under Chapter Nine (Government Procurement).

(3) Discriminatory measure means a measure which does not comply with national treatment, as set out in the relevant provisions of this Agreement, including the terms and conditions set out in the relevant Annexes thereto.

Article 11.6. Cooperation

1. The Parties recognise the importance of cooperation and co-ordination between their respective competition authorities to further enhance effective competition law enforcement and to fulfil the objectives of this Agreement through the promotion of competition and the curtailment of anti-competitive business conduct or anti- competitive transactions.

2. The Parties shall cooperate in relation to their respective enforcement policies and in the enforcement of their respective competition laws, including through enforcement cooperation, notification, consultation and exchange of non-confidential information.

Article 11.7. Consultation

1. A Party shall, on request of the other Party, enter into consultations regarding representations made by the other Party, to foster mutual understanding or to address specific matters that arise under this Section. In its request, the other Party shall indicate, if relevant, how the matter affects trade between the Parties.

2. The Parties shall promptly discuss, at the request of a Party, any questions arising from the interpretation or application of this Section.

3. To facilitate discussion of the matter that is the subject of the consultations, each Party shall endeavour to provide relevant non-confidential information to the other Party.

Article 11.8. Dispute Settlement

Neither Party may have recourse to Chapter Fourteen (Dispute Settlement) for any matter arising under this Section.

Section B. SUBSIDIES

Article 11.9. Principles

The Parties agree to use their best endeavours to remedy or remove through the application of their competition laws or otherwise, distortions of competition caused by subsidies in so far as they affect international trade, and to prevent the occurrence of such situations.

Article 11.10. Definitions of a Subsidy and Specificity

1. A subsidy is a measure which fulfils the conditions set out in Article 1.1 of the SCM Agreement.

2. A subsidy is specific if it falls within the meaning of Article 2 of the SCM Agreement. A subsidy shall be subject to this Section only if it is specific within the meaning of Article 2 of the SCM Agreement.

Article 11.11. Prohibited Subsidies  (4) (5)

The following subsidies shall be deemed to be specific under the conditions of Article 2 of the SCM Agreement and shall be prohibited for the purposes of this Agreement in so far as they adversely affect international trade of the Parties (6):

(a) subsidies granted under any legal arrangement whereby a government or any public body is responsible for covering debts or liabilities of certain enterprises within the meaning of Article 2.1 of the SCM Agreement without any limitation, in law or in fact, as to the amount of those debts and liabilities or the duration of such responsibility; and

(b) subsidies (such as loans and guarantees, cash grants, capital injections, provision of assets below market prices or tax exemptions) to insolvent or ailing enterprises, without a credible restructuring plan based on realistic assumptions with a view to ensuring the return of the insolvent or ailing enterprise within a reasonable period of time to long-term viability and without the enterprise significantly contributing itself to the costs of restructuring. This does not prevent the Parties from providing subsidies by way of temporary liquidity support in the form of loan guarantees or loans limited to the amount needed to merely keep an ailing enterprise in business for the time necessary to work out a restructuring or liquidation plan.

This subparagraph does not apply to subsidies granted as compensation for carrying out public service obligations and to the coal industry.

(4) The Parties hereby agree that this Article applies to subsidies received only after the date when this Agreement enters into force.
(5) For the purposes of this Agreement, subsidies for small and medium-sized enterprises granted in accordance with objective criteria or conditions as provided for in Article 2.1 (b) and footnote 2 attached thereto of the SCM Agreement shall not be subject to this Article.
(6) International trade of the Parties comprises both domestic and exports markets.

Article 11.12. Transparency

1. Each Party shall ensure transparency in the area of subsidies. To this end, each Party shall report annually to the other Party on the total amount, types and the sectoral distribution of subsidies which are specific and may affect international trade. Reporting should contain information concerning the objective, form, the amount or budget and where possible the recipient of the subsidy granted by a government or any public body.

2. Such report is deemed to have been provided if it is sent to the other Party, or if the relevant information is made available on a publicly accessible Internet website, by 31 December of the subsequent calendar year.

3. Upon request by a Party, the other Party shall provide further information on any subsidy schemes and particular individual cases of subsidy which is specific. The Parties shall exchange this information, taking into account the limitations imposed by the requirements of professional and business secrecy.

Article 11.13. Relation with the WTO Agreement

The provisions in this Section are without prejudice to the rights of a Party in accordance with the relevant provisions of the WTO Agreement to apply trade remedies or to take dispute settlement or other appropriate action against a subsidy granted by the other Party.

Article 11.14. Monitoring and Review

The Parties shall keep under constant review the matters to which reference is made in this Section. Each Party may refer such matters to the Trade Committee. The Parties agree to review progress in implementing this Section every two years after the entry into force of this Agreement, unless both Parties agree otherwise.

Article 11.15. Scope

1. The provisions of Articles 11.9 through 11.14 shall apply to subsidies for goods with the exception of fisheries subsidies, subsidies related to products covered by Annex 1 of the Agreement on Agriculture and other subsidies covered by the Agreement on Agriculture.

2. The Parties shall use their best endeavors to develop rules applicable to subsidies to services, taking into account developments at the multilateral level, and to exchange information upon the request of either Party. The Parties agree to hold the first exchange of views on subsidies to services within three years after the entry into force of this Agreement.

Chapter TWELVE. TRANSPARENCY

Article 12.1. Definitions

For the purposes of this Chapter:

measure of general application means any general or abstract act, procedure, interpretation or other requirement, including non-binding measures. It does not include a ruling that applies to a particular person; and

interested person means any natural or legal person that may be subject to any rights or obligations under measures of general application, within the meaning of Article 12.2.

Article 12.2. Objective and Scope

Recognising the impact which their respective regulatory environment may have on trade between them, the Parties shall pursue an efficient and predictable regulatory environment for economic operators, especially small ones doing business in their territories. The Parties, reaffirming their respective commitments under the WTO Agreement, hereby lay down clarifications and improved arrangements for transparency, consultation and better administration of measures of general application, in so far as these may have an impact on any matter covered by this Agreement.

Article 12.3. Publication

1. Each Party shall ensure that measures of general application that may have an impact on any matter covered by this Agreement:

(a) are readily available to interested persons, in a non-discriminatory manner, via an officially designated medium, and where feasible and possible, electronic means, in such a manner as to enable interested persons and the other Party to become acquainted with them;

(b) provide an explanation of the objective of, and rationale for, such measures; and

(c) allow for sufficient time between publication and entry into force of such measures, taking due account of the requirements of legal certainty, legitimate expectations and proportionality.

  • Chapter   ONE OBJECTIVES AND GENERAL DEFINITIONS 1
  • Article   1.1 Objectives 1
  • Article   1.2 General Definitions 1
  • Article   1.3 References to Legislation 1
  • Chapter   TWO NATIONAL TREATMENT AND MARKET ACCESS FOR GOODS 1
  • Section   A COMMON PROVISIONS 1
  • Article   2.1 Objective 1
  • Article   2.2 Scope and Coverage 1
  • Article   2.3 Customs Duty 1
  • Article   2.4 Classification of Goods 1
  • Section   B ELIMINATION OF CUSTOMS DUTIES 1
  • Article   2.5 Elimination of Customs Duties 1
  • Article   2.6 Standstill 1
  • Article   2.7 Administration and Implementation of Tariff-Rate Quotas 1
  • Section   C NON-TARIFF MEASURES 1
  • Article   2.8 National Treatment 1
  • Article   2.9 Import and Export Restrictions 1
  • Article   2.10 Fees and other Charges on Imports or Exports 1
  • Article   2.11 Duties, Taxes or other Fees and Charges on Exports 1
  • Article   2.12 Customs Valuation 1
  • Article   2.13 State Trading Enterprises 1
  • Article   2.14 Elimination of Sectoral Non-Tariff Measures 1
  • Section   D SPECIFIC EXCEPTIONS RELATED TO GOODS 1
  • Article   2.15 General Exceptions 1
  • Article   2.15bis Transitional Provisions  (3) 1
  • Section   E INSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS 1
  • Article   2.16 Committee on Trade In Goods 1
  • Article   2.17 Special Provisions on Administrative Cooperation 1
  • Chapter   THREE TRADE REMEDIES 1
  • Section   A BILATERAL SAFEGUARD MEASURES 1
  • Article   3.1 Application of a Bilateral Safeguard Measure 1
  • Article   3.2 Conditions and Limitations 1
  • Article   3.3 Provisional Measures 1
  • Article   3.4 Compensation 1
  • Article   3.5 Definitions 1
  • Section   B AGRICULTURAL SAFEGUARD MEASURES 1
  • Article   3.6 Agricultural Safeguard Measures 1
  • Section   C GLOBAL SAFEGUARD MEASURES 2
  • Article   3.7 Global Safeguard Measures 2
  • Section   D ANTI-DUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTIES 2
  • Article   3.8 General Provisions 2
  • Article   3.9 Notification 2
  • Article   3.10 Consideration of Public Interests 2
  • Article   3.11 Investigation after Termination Resulting from a Review 2
  • Article   3.12 Cumulative Assessment 2
  • Article   3.13 De-minimis Standard Applicable to Review 2
  • Article   3.14 Lesser Duty Rule 2
  • Article   3.15 Dispute Settlement 2
  • Section   E INSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS 2
  • Article   3.16 Working Group on Trade Remedy Cooperation 2
  • Chapter   FOUR TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE 2
  • Article   4.1 Affirmation of the TBT Agreement 2
  • Article   4 Scope and Definitions 2
  • Article   4.4 Technical Regulations 2
  • Article   4.5 Standards 2
  • Article   4.6 Conformity Assessment and Accreditation 2
  • Article   4.7 Market Surveillance 2
  • Article   4.8 Conformity Assessment Fees 2
  • Article   4.9 Marking and Labelling 2
  • Article   4.10 Co-ordination Mechanism 2
  • Chapter   FIVE SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES 2
  • Article   5.1 Objective 2
  • Article   5.2 Scope 2
  • Article   5.3 Definition 2
  • Article   5.4 Rights and Obligations 2
  • Article   5.5 Transparency and Exchange of Information 2
  • Article   5.6 International Standards 2
  • Article   5.7 Import Requirements 2
  • Article   5.8 Measures Linked to Animal and Plant Health 2
  • Article   5.9 Cooperation on Animal Welfare 3
  • Article   5.10 Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 3
  • Article   5.11 Dispute Settlement 3
  • Chapter   SIX CUSTOMS AND TRADE FACILITATION 3
  • Article   6.1 Objectives and Principles 3
  • Article   6.2 Release of Goods 3
  • Article   6.3 Simplified Customs Procedure 3
  • Article   6.4 Risk Management 3
  • Article   6.5 Transparency 3
  • Article   6.6 Advance Rulings 3
  • Article   6.7 Appeal Procedures 3
  • Article   6.8 Confidentiality 3
  • Article   6.9 Fees and Charges 3
  • Article   6.10 Pre-Shipment Inspections 3
  • Article   6.11 Post Clearance Audit 3
  • Article   6.12 Customs Valuation 3
  • Article   6.13 Customs Cooperation 3
  • Article   6.14 Mutual Administrative Assistance In Customs Matters 3
  • Article   6.15 Customs Contact Points 3
  • Article   6.16 Customs Committee 3
  • Chapter   SEVEN TRADE IN SERVICES, ESTABLISHMENT AND ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 3
  • Section   A GENERAL PROVISIONS 3
  • Article   7.1 Objective, Scope and Coverage 3
  • Article   7.2 Definitions 3
  • Article   7.3 Committee on Trade In Services, Establishment and Electronic Commerce 3
  • Section   B CROSS-BORDER SUPPLY OF SERVICES 3
  • Article   7.4 Scope and Definitions 3
  • Article   7.5 Market Access 4
  • Article   7.6 National Treatment 4
  • Article   7.7 Lists of Commitments 4
  • Article   7.8 MFN Treatment  (7) 4
  • Section   C ESTABLISHMENT 4
  • Article   7.9 Definitions 4
  • Article   7.10 Scope 4
  • Article   7.11 Market Access 4
  • Article   7.12 National Treatment  (15) 4
  • Article   7.13 Lists of Commitments 4
  • Article   7.14 MFN Treatment  (16) 4
  • Article   7.15 Other Agreements 4
  • Article   7.16 Review of the Investment Legal Framework 4
  • Section   D TEMPORARY PRESENCE OF NATURAL PERSONS FOR BUSINESS 4
  • Article   7.17 Scope and Definitions 4
  • Article   7.18 Key Personnel and Graduate Trainees 4
  • Article   7.19 Business Service Sellers 4
  • Article   7.20 Contractual Service Supplier and Independent Professionals 4
  • Section   E REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 4
  • Subsection   A PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION 4
  • Article   7.21 Mutual Recognition 4
  • Article   7.22 Transparency and Confidential Information 5
  • Article   7.23 Domestic Regulation 5
  • Article   7.24 Governance 5
  • Subsection   B COMPUTER SERVICES 5
  • Article   7.25 Computer Services 5
  • Subsection   C POSTAL AND COURIER SERVICES 5
  • Article   7.26 Regulatory Principles 5
  • Subsection   D TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES 5
  • Article   7.27 Scope and Definitions 5
  • Article   7.28 Regulatory Authority 5
  • Article   7.29 Authorisation to Provide Telecommunications Services 5
  • Article   7.30 Competitive Safeguards on Major Suppliers 5
  • Article   7.31 Interconnection 5
  • Article   7.32 Number Portability 5
  • Article   7.33 Allocation and Use of Scarce Resources 5
  • Article   7.34 Universal Service 5
  • Article   7.35 Confidentiality of Information 5
  • Article   7.36 Resolution of Telecommunications Disputes 5
  • Subsection   E FINANCIAL SERVICES 5
  • Article   7.37 Scope and Definitions 5
  • Article   7.38 Prudential Carve-out  (35) 5
  • Article   7.39 Transparency 5
  • Article   7.40 Self-Regulatory Organisations 6
  • Article   7.41 Payment and Clearing Systems 6
  • Article   7.42 New Financial Services 6
  • Article   7.43 Data Processing 6
  • Article   7.44 Specific Exceptions 6
  • Article   7.45 Dispute Settlement 6
  • Article   7.46 Recognition 6
  • Subsection   F INTERNATIONAL MARITIME TRANSPORT SERVICES 6
  • Article   7.47 Scope, Definitions and Principles 6
  • Section   F ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 6
  • Article   7.48 Objective and Principles 6
  • Article   7.49 Cooperation on Regulatory Issues 6
  • Section   G EXCEPTIONS 6
  • Article   7.50 Exceptions 6
  • Annex 7-A  LISTS OF COMMITMENTS 6
  • Annex 7-A-2  UNITED KINGDOM 6
  • LIST OF COMMITMENTS IN CONFORMITY WITH ARTICLE 7.13 (ESTABLISHMENT) 6
  • B  Schedule of Specific Commitments in Establishment  (1) 7
  • Annex 7-B  MFN TREATMENT EXEMPTION 7
  • Annex 7-C  LIST OF MFN EXEMPTIONS. UNITED KINGDOM 7
  • Annex 7-C  LIST OF MFN EXEMPTIONS. KOREA 7
  • Annex 7-D  THE ADDITIONAL COMMITMENT ON FINANCIAL SERVICES 7
  • UNDERSTANDING ON THE KOREAN POSTAL REFORM PLAN  (1) 7
  • UNDERSTANDING CONCERNING SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES 7
  • UNDERSTANDING ON REGULATIONS RELATING TO ZONING, URBAN PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 7
  • UNDERSTANDING ON THE ARTICLE 7.5.2(a) FOOTNOTE 5 7
  • Chapter   EIGHT PAYMENTS AND CAPITAL MOVEMENTS 7
  • Article   8.1 Current Payments 7
  • Article   8.2 Capital Movements 7
  • Article   8.3 Exceptions 8
  • Article   8.4 Safeguard Measures 8
  • Chapter   NINE GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT 8
  • Article   9.1 General Provisions 8
  • Article   9.2 Scope and Coverage 8
  • Article   9.3 Government Procurement Working Group 8
  • Chapter   TEN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 8
  • Section   A GENERAL PROVISIONS 8
  • Article   10.1 Objectives 8
  • Article   10.2 Nature and Scope of Obligations 8
  • Article   10.3 Transfer of Technology 8
  • Section   B STANDARDS CONCERNING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 8
  • Subsection   A COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS 8
  • Article   10.5 Protection Granted 8
  • Article   10.6 Duration of Authors' Rights 8
  • Article   10.7 Broadcasting Organisations 8
  • Article   10.8 Cooperation on Collective Management of Rights 8
  • Article   10.9 Broadcasting and Communication to the Public 8
  • Article   10.10 Artists' Resale Right In Works of Art 8
  • Article   10.11 Limitations and Exceptions 8
  • Article   10.12 Protection of Technological Measures 8
  • Article   10.13 Protection of Rights Management Information 8
  • Subsection   B TRADEMARKS 8
  • Article   10.14 Registration Procedure 8
  • Article   10.15 International Agreements 8
  • Article   10.16 Exceptions to the Rights Conferred by a Trademark 8
  • Subsection   C GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS  (2) (3) 8
  • Article   10.17 Recognition of Geographical Indications for Agricultural Products and Foodstuffs and Wines 8
  • Article   10.18 Recognition of Specific Geographical Indications for Wines, Aromatised Wines and Spirits  (4) (5) (6) 8
  • Article   10.19 Right of Use 8
  • Article   10.20 Scope of Protection 8
  • Article   10.21 Enforcement of Protection 8
  • Article   10.22 Relationship with Trademarks 9
  • Article   10.23 Addition of Geographical Indications for Protection  (8) 9
  • Article   10.24 Working Group on Geographical Indications 9
  • Article   10.25 Individual Applications for Protection of Geographical Indications 9
  • Subsection   D DESIGNS 9
  • Article   10.26 Protection of Registered Designs 9
  • Article   10.27 Rights Conferred by Registration 9
  • Article   10.28 Protection Conferred to Unregistered Appearance 9
  • Article   10.29 Term of Protection 9
  • Article   10.30 Exceptions 9
  • Article   10.31 Relationship with Copyright 9
  • Subsection   E PATENTS 9
  • Article   10.32 International Agreement 9
  • Article   10.33 Patents and Public Health 9
  • Article   10.34 Extension of the Duration of the Rights Conferred by Patent Protection 9
  • Article   10.35 Protection of Data Submitted to Obtain a Marketing Authorisation for Pharmaceutical Products  (19) 9
  • Article   10.36 Protection of Data Submitted to Obtain a Marketing Authorisation for Plant Protection Products 9
  • Article   10.37 Implementation 9
  • Subsection   F OTHER PROVISIONS 9
  • Article   10.38 Plant Varieties 9
  • Article   10.39 Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore 9
  • Section   C ENFORCEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 9
  • Article   10.40 General Obligations 9
  • Article   10.41 Entitled Applicants 9
  • Subsection   A CIVIL MEASURES, PROCEDURES AND REMEDIES 9
  • Article   10.42 Evidence 9
  • Article   10.43 Provisional Measures for Preserving Evidence 9
  • Article   10.44 Right of Information 9
  • Article   10.45 Provisional and Precautionary Measures 9
  • Article   10.46 Corrective Measures 9
  • Article   10.47 Injunctions 9
  • Article   10.48 Alternative Measures 9
  • Article   10.49 Damages 9
  • Article   10.50 Legal Costs 9
  • Article   10.51 Publication of Judicial Decisions 9
  • Article   10.52 Presumption of Authorship or Ownership 9
  • Subsection   B CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT 9
  • Article   10.53 Scope of Criminal Enforcement 9
  • Article   10.54 Geographical Indications and Designs Counterfeiting 9
  • Article   10.55 Liability of Legal Persons 10
  • Article   10.56 Aiding and Abetting 10
  • Article   10.57 Seizure 10
  • Article   10.58 Penalties 10
  • Article   10.59 Confiscation 10
  • Article   10.60 Rights of Third Parties 10
  • Subsection   C LIABILITY OF ONLINE SERVICE PROVIDERS 10
  • Article   10.61 Liability of Online Service Providers  (24) 10
  • Article   10.62 Liability of Online Service Providers: "Mere Conduit" 10
  • Article   10.63 Liability of Online Service Providers: "Caching" 10
  • Article   10.64 Liability of Online Service Providers: "Hosting" 10
  • Article   10.65 No General Obligation to Monitor 10
  • Subsection   D OTHER PROVISIONS 10
  • Article   10.66 Border Measures 10
  • Article   10.67 Codes of Conduct 10
  • Article   10.68 Cooperation 10
  • UNDERSTANDING ON FOOTNOTE 14 TO ARTICLE 10.30 OF THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CHAPTER 10
  • Chapter   ELEVEN COMPETITION 10
  • Section   A COMPETITION 10
  • Article   11.1 Principles 10
  • Article   11.2 Definitions 10
  • Article   11.3 Implementation 10
  • Article   11.4 Public Enterprises and Enterprises Entrusted with Special Rights or Exclusive Rights  (2) 10
  • Article   11.5 State Monopolies 10
  • Article   11.6 Cooperation 10
  • Article   11.7 Consultation 10
  • Article   11.8 Dispute Settlement 10
  • Section   B SUBSIDIES 10
  • Article   11.9 Principles 10
  • Article   11.10 Definitions of a Subsidy and Specificity 10
  • Article   11.11 Prohibited Subsidies  (4) (5) 10
  • Article   11.12 Transparency 10
  • Article   11.13 Relation with the WTO Agreement 10
  • Article   11.14 Monitoring and Review 10
  • Article   11.15 Scope 10
  • Chapter   TWELVE TRANSPARENCY 10
  • Article   12.1 Definitions 10
  • Article   12.2 Objective and Scope 10
  • Article   12.3 Publication 10
  • Article   12.4 Enquiries and Contact Points 11
  • Article   12.5 Administrative Proceedings 11
  • Article   12.6 Review and Appeal 11
  • Article   12.7 Regulatory Quality and Performance and Good Administrative Behaviour 11
  • Article   12.8 Non-Discrimination 11
  • Chapter   THIRTHEEN TRADE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 11
  • Article   13.1 Context and Objectives 11
  • Article   13.2 Scope 11
  • Article   13.3 Right to Regulate and Levels of Protection 11
  • Article   13.4 Multilateral Labour Standards and Agreements 11
  • Article   13.5 Multilateral Environmental Agreements 11
  • Article   13.6 Trade Favouring Sustainable Development 11
  • Article   13.7 Upholding Levels of Protection In the Application and Enforcement of Laws, Regulations or Standards 11
  • Article   13.8 Scientific Information 11
  • Article   13.9 Transparency 11
  • Article   13.10 Review of Sustainability Impacts 11
  • Article   13.11 Cooperation 11
  • Article   13.12 Institutional Mechanism 11
  • Article   13.13 Civil Society Dialogue Mechanism 11
  • Article   13.14 Government Consultations 11
  • Article   13.15 Panel of Experts 11
  • Article   13.16 Dispute Settlement 11
  • Annex 13  COOPERATION ON TRADE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 11
  • Chapter   FOURTEEN DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 11
  • Section   A OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE 11
  • Article   14.1 Objective 11
  • Article   14.2 Scope 11
  • Section   B CONSULTATIONS 11
  • Article   14 Consultations 11
  • Section   C DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES 11
  • Subsection   A ARBITRATION PROCEDURE 11
  • Article   14.4 Initiation of the Arbitration Procedure 11
  • Article   14.5 Establishment of the Arbitration Panel 11
  • Article   14.6 Interim Panel Report 11
  • Article   14.7 Arbitration Panel Ruling 11
  • Subsection   B COMPLIANCE 11
  • Article   14.8 Compliance with the Arbitration Panel Ruling 11
  • Article   14.9 The Reasonable Period of Time for Compliance 11
  • Article   14.10 Review of Any Measure Taken to Comply with the Arbitration Panel Ruling 11
  • Article   14.11 Temporary Remedies In Case of Non-Compliance 11
  • Article   14.12 Review of Any Measure Taken to Comply after the Suspension of Obligations 12
  • Subsection   C COMMON PROVISIONS 12
  • Article   14.13 Mutually Agreed Solution 12
  • Article   14.14 Rules of Procedure 12
  • Article   14.15 Information and Technical Advice 12
  • Article   14.16 Rules of Interpretation 12
  • Article   14.17 Arbitration Panel Decisions and Rulings 12
  • Section   D GENERAL PROVISIONS 12
  • Article   14.18 List of Arbitrators 12
  • Article   14.19 Relation with WTO Obligations 12
  • Article   14.20 Time Limits 12
  • Annex 14-A  MEDIATION MECHANISM FOR NON-TARIFF MEASURES 12
  • Article   1 Objective 12
  • Article   2 Scope 12
  • Section   A PROCEDURE UNDER THE MEDIATION MECHANISM 12
  • Article   3 Initiation of the Mediation Procedure 12
  • Article   4 Selection of Mediator 12
  • Article   5 Rules of the Mediation Procedure 12
  • Section   B IMPLEMENTATION 12
  • Article   6 Implementation of a Mutually Agreed Solution 12
  • Section   C GENERAL PROVISIONS 12
  • Article   7 Relationship to Dispute Settlement 12
  • Article   8 Time Limits 12
  • Article   9 Costs 12
  • Article   10 Review 12
  • Annex 14-B  RULES OF PROCEDURE FOR ARBITRATION 12
  • Article   1 General Provisions 12
  • Article   2 Notifications 12
  • Article   3 Commencing the Arbitration 12
  • Article   4 Initial Submissions 12
  • Article   5 Working of Arbitration Panels 12
  • Article   6 Replacement 12
  • Article   7 Hearings 12
  • Article   8 Questions In Writing 12
  • Article   9 Confidentiality 12
  • Article   10 Ex Parte Contacts 13
  • Article   11 Amicus Curiae Submissions 13
  • Article   12 Urgent Cases 13
  • Article   13 Translation and Interpretation 13
  • Article   14 Calculation of Time-Limits 13
  • Article   15 Other Procedures 13
  • Annex 14-C  CODE OF CONDUCT FOR MEMBERS OF ARBITRATION PANELS AND MEDIATORS 13
  • Article   1 Definitions 13
  • Article   2 Responsibilities to the Process 13
  • Article   3 Disclosure Obligations 13
  • Article   4 Duties of Members 13
  • Article   5 Independence and Impartiality of Members 13
  • Article   6 Obligations of Former Members 13
  • Article   7 Confidentiality 13
  • Article   8 Mediators 13
  • Chapter   FIFTEEN INSTITUTIONAL, GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS 13
  • Article   15.1 Trade Committee 13
  • Article   15.2 Specialised Committees 13
  • Article   15.3 Working Groups 13
  • Article   15.4 Decision-Making 13
  • Article   15.5 Amendments 13
  • Article   15.5bis Subsequent Negotiations 13
  • Article   15.6 Contact Points 13
  • Article   15.7 Taxation 13
  • Article   15.8 Balance-of-Payments Exceptions 13
  • Article   15.9 Security Exceptions 13
  • Article   15.10 Entry Into Force 13
  • Article   15.11 Duration 13
  • Article   15.12 Fulfilment of Obligations 13
  • Article   15.13 Annexes, Appendices, Protocols and Notes 14
  • Article   15.14 Relation with other Agreements 14
  • Article   15.15 Territorial Application 14
  • Article   15.16 Authentic Texts 14