Japan - United Kingdom CEPA (2020)
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(c) any other use which constitutes an act of unfair competition within the meaning of Article 10bis bis of the Paris Convention.

2. Each Party may determine the practical conditions under which the homonymous geographical indications will be differentiated from each other in its territory, taking into account the need to ensure equitable treatment of the producers concerned and that consumers are not misled.

3. If a Party intends to protect, pursuant to an international agreement, a geographical indication of a third country which is homonymous with a geographical indication of the other Party which is protected under this Agreement, the former Party shall inform no later than on the date of the publication for opposition, the other Party of the opportunity to comment, provided that such opposition procedure for the relevant geographical indication of the third country to be protected commences after the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

4. In the opposition procedure and examination referred to in Article 14.28, each Party may consider the following grounds on which that Party shall not be required to protect a name as a geographical indication in Annex 14-B:

(a) that name conflicts with the name of a plant variety or an animal breed and as a result is likely to mislead the consumer as to the true origin of the good; and

(b) that name is the term customary in common language as the common name for the good concerned.

Article 14.30. Scope of the Use of Geographical Indications

1. Any person may use any geographical indication protected under this Sub-Section provided that such use is related to the goods as identified by that geographical indication and in compliance with the scope of protection under this Agreement.

2. Once a geographical indication of a Party is protected under this Agreement in the other Party, the legitimate use of such protected name shall not be subject to any user registration or further charges in the other Party.

Article 14.31. Relationship with Trademarks

1. If a geographical indication is protected under this Sub-Section, each Party shall refuse to register a trademark the use of which would be likely to mislead as to the quality of the good, provided that an application to register the trademark is submitted after the applicable date for protection of the geographical indication in the territory concerned (1) as referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3. Trademarks registered in breach of this paragraph shall be invalidated.

2. For geographical indications referred to in Article 14.28 and listed in Annex 14-B on the date of entry into force of this Agreement, the applicable date for protection shall be the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

3. For geographical indications referred to in Article 14.34 and not listed in Annex 14-B on the date of entry into force of this Agreement, the applicable date for protection shall be the date on which the amendment to Annex 14-B enters into force.

4. The Parties acknowledge that the existence of a prior conflicting trademark in a Party would not completely preclude the protection under this Agreement of a subsequent geographical indication for like goods in that Party. (2)

5. If a trademark has been applied for or registered in good faith, or if rights to a trademark have been acquired through use in good faith, in a Party, before a geographical indication is protected under this Agreement in that Party, measures adopted to implement this Sub-Section shall not prejudice the eligibility for or the validity of the registration of the trademark, or the right to use the trademark, on the basis that such a trademark is identical with, or similar to, the geographical indication.

(1) For the purposes of paragraph 1, the examination of the trademark application which is filed in a Party after 1 February 2019 or the date of publication for opposition of a geographical indication referred to in Article 14.28, whichever is later, shall take into account the publication for opposition of the geographical indication.
(2) The competent authorities may require certain conditions for the protection of a geographical indication which conflicts with a prior existing trademark.

Article 14.32. Enforcement of Protection

Each Party shall authorise its competent authorities to take appropriate measures ex officio or on request of an interested party in accordance with its laws and regulations to protect geographical indications listed in Annex 14-B.

Article 14.33. Exceptions

1. Notwithstanding paragraph 1 of Article 14.29, a Party shall prevent the continuation of a prior use in its territory, in connection with goods or services, of a particular geographical indication of the other Party listed in Annex 14-B, identifying an agricultural product for a like good, after a transitional period of a maximum of seven years from the date of the protection by the former Party of the said geographical indication. Goods produced in the former Party and concerned by such uses shall bear clear and visible indication of the true geographical origin.

2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1 of Article 14.29, except when paragraph 4 of Article 24 of the TRIPS Agreement is applicable, a Party shall prevent the continuation of a prior use in its territory, in connection with goods or services, of a particular geographical indication of the other Party listed in Annex 14-B, identifying wine, spirit or other alcoholic beverage for a like good, after a transitional period of a maximum of five years from the date of the protection by the former Party of the said geographical indication (1). Goods produced in the former Party and concerned by such uses shall bear clear and visible indication of the true geographical origin.

3. Each Party may determine the practical conditions under which such use referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 will be differentiated from the geographical indication in its territory, taking into account the need to ensure that consumers are not misled.

4. The transitional period referred to in paragraph 1 shall not apply if the use of the geographical indication for the good concerned which is produced in the territory of the other Party as referred to in paragraph 1 does not comply with the relevant laws and regulations as listed in Annex 14-A applicable in the territory of that Party.

5. Nothing in this Sub-Section shall prejudice the right of any person to use, in the course of trade, that person's name or the name of that person's predecessor in business, except where such name is used in such a manner as to mislead the public.

(1) Notwithstanding this paragraph, for geographical indications listed in Annex 14-B as of the date of entry into force of this Agreement identifying wine, spirits or other alcoholic beverages, the transitional period shall be a maximum of three years from the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

Article 14.34. Amendment of the Lists of Geographical Indications

1. The Parties agree on the possibility to amend the lists of geographical indications in Annex 14-B in accordance with paragraphs 3 and 4 of Article 14.61 after having completed the opposition procedure and after having examined the geographical indications as referred to in Article 14.28 to the satisfaction of both Parties.

2. Paragraph 4 of Article 14.29 applies as regards the addition of a name to be protected as a geographical indication in Annex 14-B.

3. Nothing in this Sub-Section shall oblige a Party to protect a geographical indication of the other Party which is not or ceases to be protected in accordance with the laws and regulations of the other Party. Each Party shall notify the other Party if a geographical indication ceases to be protected in the territory of the Party of origin.

4. On request of a Party, the Parties shall hold consultations for the amendment of Annex 14-B as regards any matter affecting the continuation of the protection of the geographical indications listed in that Annex with a view to reaching a mutually acceptable solution.

5. The Parties shall, as soon as practically possible after the entry into force of this Agreement, enter into consultations with a view to adding to the lists of geographical indications in Annex 14- B, existing geographical indications identifying a good as originating in the territory of a Party and protected in such territory in accordance with its laws and regulations, which are not yet listed in that Annex. Each Party shall provide to the other Party the list of geographical indications it seeks to add to Annex 14-B for protection in the territory of the other Party, as well as their specifications, and the transcriptions into Japanese (for geographical indications of the United Kingdom) or the Latin alphabet (for geographical indications of Japan) for both the geographical indications and their specifications. As soon as practically possible after receipt of such information and in accordance with its laws and regulations, each Party shall conduct an examination and opposition procedure for those geographical indications. As soon as practically possible after the completion of the examination and opposition procedure, the Committee on Intellectual Property shall make recommendations to the Joint Committee on amendments to Annex 14-B to add the names that are eligible for protection as geographical indications, in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 14.61.

Subsection 4. Industrial Designs  (1)

(1) For the purposes of this Sub-Section, for the United Kingdom, "industrial designs" refers to registered designs.

Article 14.35. Industrial Designs

1. Each Party shall provide for the protection of independently created industrial designs that are new and original (2), including designs of a part of a product (3), regardless of whether or not the part can be separated from the product. This protection shall be provided by registration and shall confer an exclusive right upon their holders in accordance with the provisions of this Article.

2. A design applied to or incorporated in a product which constitutes a component part of a complex product shall be considered to be new and original in the following circumstances (4):

(a) if the component part, once it has been incorporated into the complex product, remains visible during normal use (5) of the latter; and

(b) to the extent that those visible features of the component part fulfil in themselves the requirements as to novelty and originality.

3. Each Party may provide limited exceptions to the protection of industrial designs in a manner consistent with paragraph 2 of Article 26 of the TRIPS Agreement.

4. The provisions of this Article shall be without prejudice to any provisions of this Chapter or of the laws and regulations of each Party relating to other intellectual property including unregistered appearances of products, copyright, trademarks or other distinctive signs and patents.

5. Each Party shall ensure that an owner of a protected industrial design has at least the right to prevent third parties not having the owner's consent from making, offering for sale, selling, importing or exporting articles bearing or embodying a design which is identical or similar to the protected design, when such act is undertaken for commercial purposes.

6. Each Party shall provide that an applicant for an industrial design registration may request the competent authority to maintain the design unpublished for a period designated by the applicant not exceeding the period provided for in its laws and regulations.

7. Each Party shall ensure that the total term of protection available for industrial designs does not end before the expiration of a period of 25 years from the date on which the application was made or is treated as having been made.

(2) For the purposes of this Article, a Party may consider, in accordance with its laws and regulations, that a design "having individual character" is original.
(3) For the purposes of this paragraph and paragraph 2, for Japan, "product" shall be interpreted as "article".
(4) As an alternative to the circumstances provided for in subparagraphs (a) and (b), a Party may consider a design applied to or incorporated in a product which constitutes a component part of a complex product to be new and original in circumstances in accordance with its laws and regulations.
(5) For the purposes of this paragraph, "normal use" shall mean use by the end user, excluding maintenance, servicing or repair work.

Article 14.36. Multiple Design Applications  (1)

Each Party shall provide a system for the registration of industrial designs which allows for two or more designs to be registered through the filing of one application.

(1) The Parties understand that Japan shall implement the obligations referred to in this Article only after the relevant laws and regulations of Japan have come into force and, in any event, within six months of the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

Subsection 5. Unregistered Appearance of Products

Article 14.37. Unregistered Appearance of Products

1. The Parties recognise that the appearance of products may be protected through industrial designs, copyright or unfair competition prevention legislation.

2. Each Party shall provide legal means to prevent the use of the unregistered appearance of a product, if such use results from copying the unregistered appearance of the product to the extent provided by its laws and regulations. Such use shall at least cover offering for sale, putting on the market, importing or exporting the product. (1)

3. The duration of protection available for the unregistered appearance of a product shall amount to at least three years according to the respective laws and regulations of the Parties.

(1) For the purposes of this Article, "copying", "appearances", “offering", and "putting on the market" may be deemed by a Party to be synonymous with "imitating", "configuration", "displaying" and "selling", respectively.

Subsection 6. Patents

Article 14.38. Patents

1. Each Party shall ensure that a patent confers on its owner exclusive rights:

(a) where the subject matter of a patent is a product, to prevent third parties not having the owner's consent from making, using, offering for sale, selling, importing for these purposes or exporting (1) that product; and

(b) where the subject matter of a patent is a process, to prevent third parties not having the owner's consent from using the process, and from using, offering for sale, selling, importing for these purposes or exporting at least the product obtained directly by that process.

(1) For the purposes of this paragraph, a Party may interpret "exporting" to fall within the scope of "offering for sale" and fulfil its obligation relating to "exporting" by complying with its obligation relating to "offering for sale".

2. Each Party may provide limited exceptions to the exclusive rights conferred by a patent, provided that such exceptions do not unreasonably conflict with a normal exploitation of the patent and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the patent owner, taking account of the legitimate interests of third parties.

3. The Parties recognise the importance of providing a unitary patent protection system including a unitary judicial system in their respective territories.

4. The Parties shall continue to cooperate to enhance international substantive patent law harmonisation, inter alia on grace period, prior user rights and publication of pending patent applications.

5. The Parties shall give due consideration to the cooperation for enhancing mutual utilisation of search and examination results, such as that based upon the Patent Cooperation Treaty and any other utilisation (1), so as to allow applicants to obtain patents in an efficient and expeditious manner, without prejudice to their respective substantive patent examination.

(1) Such utilisation may include that based upon the Patent Prosecution Highway.

Article 14.39. Patents and Public Health

1. The Parties recognise the importance of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, adopted at Doha on 14 November 2001 by the WTO Ministerial Conference. In interpreting and implementing the rights and obligations under this Chapter, the Parties shall ensure consistency with that Declaration.

2. Each Party shall respect Article 31bis of the TRIPS Agreement, as well as the Annex and Appendix to the Annex related thereto, which entered into force on 23 January 2017.

Article 14.40. Extension of the Period of Protection Conferred by a Patent on Pharmaceutical Products and Agricultural Chemical Products  (1) (2)

With respect to the patents which are granted for inventions related to pharmaceutical products or agricultural chemical products, each Party shall, subject to the terms and conditions of its applicable laws and regulations, provide for a compensatory term of protection for a period during which a patented invention cannot be worked due to marketing approval process. As of the date of signing of this Agreement, the maximum compensatory term is stipulated as being five years (3) by the relevant laws and regulations of each Party.

(1) For the United Kingdom, "pharmaceutical products" refers in this Article to medicinal products as defined in Regulation (EC) No 469/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 May 2009 concerning the supplementary protection certificate for medicinal products.
(2) For the United Kingdom, "agricultural chemical products" refers in this Article to plant protection products as defined in Regulation (EC) No 1610/96 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 1996 concerning the creation of a supplementary protection certificate for plant protection products.
(3) For the United Kingdom, a further six months extension is possible in the case of medicinal products for which paediatric studies have been carried out, and the results of those studies are reflected in the product information.

Subsection 7. Trade Secrets and Undisclosed Test or other Data

Article 14.41. Scope of Protection of Trade Secrets

1. Each Party shall ensure in its laws and regulations adequate and effective protection of trade secrets in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 39 of the TRIPS Agreement.

2. For the purposes of this Article and Sub-Section 3 of Section C:

(a) "trade secret" means information that:

(i) is secret in the sense that it is not, as a body or in the precise configuration and assembly of its components, generally known among or readily accessible to persons within the circles that normally deal with the kind of information in question;

(ii) has commercial value because it is secret; and

(iii) has been subject to reasonable steps under the circumstances, by the person lawfully in control of the information, to keep it secret; and

(b) "trade secret holder" means any person lawfully in control of a trade secret.

3. For the purposes of this Article and Sub-Section 3 of Section C, each Party shall provide, in accordance with its laws and regulations, that at least the following conduct shall be considered contrary to honest commercial practices:

(a) the acquisition of a trade secret without the consent of the trade secret holder, whenever carried out by wrongful means, or, alternatively, unauthorised access to, appropriation of, or copying of any documents, objects, materials, substances or electronic files, lawfully under the control of the trade secret holder, containing the trade secret or from which the trade secret can be deduced;

(b) the use or disclosure of a trade secret whenever carried out, without the consent of the trade secret holder, by a person who is found to meet any of the following conditions:

(i) having acquired the trade secret in a manner referred to in subparagraph (a);

(ii) being in breach of a confidentiality agreement or any other duty not to disclose the trade secret, with an intention to gain unfair profit or to cause damage to the trade secret holder; or

(iii) being in breach of a contractual or any other duty to limit the use of the trade secret, with an intention to gain unfair profit or to cause damage to the trade secret holder; and

(c) the acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret whenever carried out by a person who, at the time of the acquisition, use or disclosure, knew or ought, under the circumstances, to have known (1) that the trade secret had been obtained directly or indirectly from another person who was disclosing the trade secret in a manner referred to in subparagraph (b), including when a person induced another person to carry out the actions referred to in subparagraph (b).

4. Nothing in this Sub-Section shall require a Party to consider any of the following conduct as contrary to honest commercial practices or subject those conducts to the measures, procedures, and temedies referred to in Sub-Section 3 of Section C:

(a) independent discovery or creation by a person of the relevant information;

(b) reverse engineering of a product by a person who is lawfully in possession of it and who is free from any legally valid duty to limit the acquisition of the relevant information;

(c) acquisition, use or disclosure of information required or allowed by its relevant laws and regulations;

(d) use by employees of their experience and skills honestly acquired in the normal course of their employment; or

(e) disclosure of information in the exercise of the right to freedom of expression and information.

(1) For the purposes of this Article, a Party may interpret "ought to have known" as "was grossly negligent in failing to know".

Article 14.42. Treatment of Test Data In Marketing Approval Procedure

1. Each Party shall, in accordance with its relevant laws and regulations, prevent applicants for marketing approval for pharmaceutical products (1) which utilise new active pharmaceutical ingredients from relying on or referring to undisclosed test or other data submitted to its competent authority by the first applicant for a certain period of time counted from the date of approval of that application. As of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, such period of time is stipulated as being no less than six years by the relevant laws and regulations of each Party.

2. If a Party requires as a condition for approving the marketing of agricultural chemical  products (2) which utilise new chemical entities, the submission of undisclosed test or other data, the  origination of which involves a considerable effort, that Party shall ensure that, in accordance with its relevant laws and regulations, applicants for marketing approval are either:

(a) prevented from relying on or referring to such data submitted to its competent authority by the first applicant for a period of at least 10 years counted from the date of approval of that application; or

(b) generally required to submit a full set of test data, even in cases where there was a prior application for the same product, for a period of at least 10 years, counted from the date of approval of a prior application.

(1) For the United Kingdom, "pharmaceutical products" refers in this Article to medicinal products as defined in Regulation (EC) No 469/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 May 2009 concerning the supplementary protection certificate for medicinal products.
(2) For the United Kingdom, "agricultural chemical products" refers in this Article to plant protection products as defined in Regulation (EC) No 1610/96 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 1996 concerning the creation of a supplementary protection certificate for plant protection products.

Subsection 8. New Varieties of Plants

Article 14.43. New Varieties of Plants

Each Party shall provide for the protection of new varieties of all plant genera and species in accordance with its rights and obligations under the 1991 UPOV Convention.

Subsection 9. Unfair Competition

Article 14.44. Unfair Competition

1. Each Party shall provide for effective protection against acts of unfair competition in accordance with the Paris Convention. (1)

(1) For greater certainty, it is understood by the Parties that Article 10bis of the Paris Convention covers acts of unfair competition in relation to the supply of services in accordance with their respective laws and regulations.

2. In connection with the respective systems of the United Kingdom and Japan for the management of their country-code top-level domain (ccTLD) domain names (1), appropriate remedies (2) shall be available, in accordance with their respective laws and regulations, at least in cases in which a person registers or holds, with a bad faith intent to profit, a domain name that is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark.

3. Each Party shall provide for effective protection against unauthorised use of trademarks through the implementation of paragraph (2) of Article 6septies of the Paris Convention.

(1) For greater certainty, for the United Kingdom, this paragraph applies only to ".uk" domain names.
(2) The Parties understand that such remedies may include, among other things, revocation, cancellation and transfer of the registered domain name, injunctive relief against the person that registered or holds the registered domain name and against the domain name registry, or damages against the person that registered or holds the domain name.

Section C. Enforcement

Subsection 1. General Provisions

Article 14.45. Enforcement - General

1. The Parties affirm their commitments under the TRIPS Agreement and in particular Part III thereof. Each Party shall provide for the following complementary measures, procedures and remedies (1) necessary to ensure the enforcement of intellectual property rights. The measures, procedures and remedies shall be fair and equitable, and shall not be unnecessarily complicated or costly, or entail unreasonable time-limits or unwarranted delays.

2. The measures, procedures and remedies referred to in paragraph 1 shall be effective, proportionate and dissuasive (2) and shall be applied in such a manner as to avoid the creation of barriers to legitimate trade and to provide for safeguards against their abuse. 3. Each Party shall make all reasonable efforts to:

(a) encourage the establishment of public or private advisory groups to address issues of at least counterfeiting and piracy; and

(b) ensure internal coordination among, and facilitate joint actions by, its competent authorities concerned with enforcement of intellectual property rights, subject to their available resources.

(1) Without prejudice to the civil and administrative measures, procedures and remedies laid down in this Chapter, a Party may provide for other appropriate sanctions in cases where intellectual property rights have been infringed.
(2) For the purposes of this Article, "dissuasive" may be deemed by a Party to be synonymous with "deterrent" under Article 41 of the TRIPS Agreement.

Article 14.46. Entitled Applicants

Each Party shall recognise as persons entitled to seek application of the measures, procedures and remedies referred to in this Section:

(a) the holders of intellectual property rights in accordance with its laws and regulations;

(b) the trade secret holders referred to in Article 14.41; and

(c) all other persons and entities, as far as permitted by and in accordance with its laws and regulations.

Subsection 2. Enforcement - Civil Remedies  (1) (2)

(1) This Sub-Section applies for intellectual property rights described in Sub-Sections 1 to 9 of Section B, excluding Sub-Section 7.
(2) For Japan, civil enforcement for geographical indications will be provided within the scope of Article 10bis of the Paris Convention and Article 22 of the TRIPS Agreement.

Article 14.47. Measures for Preserving Evidence

1. The judicial authorities of each Party shall have the authority to order prompt and effective provisional measures to preserve relevant evidence in regard to the alleged infringement, in accordance with procedures which ensure the protection of confidential information as appropriate.

2. The judicial authorities of each Party shall have the authority to adopt provisional measures inaudita altera parte where appropriate, in particular if any delay is likely to cause irreparable harm to the right holder or if there is a demonstrable risk of evidence being destroyed.

3. Incases of intellectual property rights infringements, each Party shall provide that in civil judicial proceedings its judicial authorities have the authority to order the seizure or other taking into custody of suspect goods, materials and implements relevant to the act of infringement and of documentary evidence, either originals or copies thereof, relevant to the act of infringement.

Article 14.48. Right of Information

Without prejudice to its law governing privilege, the protection of confidentiality of information sources or the processing of personal data, each Party shall provide that in civil judicial proceedings concerning the enforcement of intellectual property rights, its judicial authorities have the authority, upon a justified request of the right holder, to order the infringer or the alleged infringer to provide the right holder or the judicial authorities, at least for the purpose of collecting evidence with relevant information as provided for in its applicable laws and regulations that the infringer or alleged infringer possesses or controls. Such information may include information regarding any person involved in any aspect of the infringement or alleged infringement and regarding the means of production or the channels of distribution of the infringing or allegedly infringing goods or services, including the identification of third persons allegedly involved in the production and distribution of such goods or services and of their channels of distribution.

Article 14.49. Provisional and Precautionary Measures

1. Each Party shall ensure that its judicial authorities may, on request of the applicant, issue against the alleged infringer an interlocutory injunction intended to prevent any imminent infringement of an intellectual property right, or to forbid, on a provisional basis and subject, where appropriate, to a recurring penalty payment where provided for by its laws and regulations, the continuation of the alleged infringements of that right, or to make such continuation subject to the lodging of guarantees intended to ensure the compensation of the right holder. An interlocutory injunction may also be issued, under the same conditions where appropriate, against a third party (1) over whom the relevant judicial authority exercises jurisdiction and whose services are used to infringe an intellectual property right.

(1) For the purposes of this Article, a Party may provide that a "third party" includes an intermediary.

2. An interlocutory injunction may also be issued to order the seizure or delivery up of goods suspected of infringing an intellectual property right, so as to prevent their entry into or movement within the channels of commerce.

3. Inthe case of an alleged infringement committed on a commercial scale, each Party shall ensure that if the applicant demonstrates circumstances likely to endanger the recovery of damages, its judicial authorities may order the precautionary seizure of the movable and immovable property of the alleged infringer, including the blocking of the alleged infringer's bank accounts and other assets.

Article 14.50. Corrective Measures

1. Each Party shall ensure that its judicial authorities may order, on request of the applicant and without prejudice to any damages due to the right holder by reason of the infringement, at least the definitive removal from the channels of commerce, or the destruction, except in exceptional circumstances, of goods that they have found to be infringing an intellectual property right, without compensation of any sort. If appropriate, the judicial authorities may also order the destruction of materials and implements predominantly used in the creation or manufacture of those goods.

2. The judicial authorities of each Party shall have the authority to order that those measures shall be carried out at the expense of the infringer, unless particular reasons are invoked for not doing so.

Article 14.51. Injunctions

Each Party shall ensure that, if a judicial decision finds an infringement of an intellectual property right, its judicial authorities may issue an injunction aimed at prohibiting the continuation of the infringement against the infringer as well as, where appropriate, against a third party (1) over whom the relevant judicial authority exercises jurisdiction and whose services are used to infringe an intellectual property right.

  • Chapter   1 GENERAL PROVISIONS 1
  • Article   1.1 Objectives 1
  • Article   1.2 General Definitions 1
  • Article   1.3 Territorial Application 1
  • Article   1.4 Taxation 1
  • Article   1.5 Security Exceptions 1
  • Article   1.6 Confidential Information 1
  • Article   1.7 Fulfilment of Obligations and Delegated Authority 1
  • Article   1.8 Laws and Regulations and Their Amendments 1
  • Article   1.9 Relation to other Agreements 1
  • Chapter   2 TRADE IN GOODS 1
  • Section   A General Provisions 1
  • Article   2.1 Objective 1
  • Article   2.2 Scope 1
  • Article   2.3 Definitions 1
  • Article   2.4 Customs Duty 1
  • Article   2.5 Agricultural Safeguards 1
  • Section   B National Treatment and Market Access for Goods 1
  • Article   2.6 Classification of Goods 1
  • Article   2.7 National Treatment 1
  • Article   2.8 Reduction and Elimination of Customs Duties on Imports 1
  • Article   2.9 Goods Re-entered after Repair and Alteration 1
  • Article   2.10 Temporary Admission of Goods 2
  • Article   2.11 Customs Valuation 2
  • Article   2.12 Export Duties 2
  • Article   2.13 Standstill 2
  • Article   2.14 Export Competition 2
  • Article   2.15 Import and Export Restrictions 2
  • Article   2.16 Fees and Formalities Connected with Importation and Exportation 2
  • Article   2.17 Import and Export Licensing Procedures 2
  • Article   2.18 Remanufactured Goods 2
  • Article   2.19 Non-tariff Measures 2
  • Article   2.20 Restrictions to Safeguard the Balance of Payments 2
  • Article   2.21 General Exceptions 2
  • Section   C Facilitation of Wine Product Export 2
  • Article   2.22 Scope 2
  • Article   2.23 General Principle 2
  • Article   2.24 Authorisation of Oenological Practices - Phase One 2
  • Article   2.25 Authorisation of Oenological Practices — Phase Two 2
  • Article   2.26 Authorisation of Oenological Practices - Phase Three 2
  • Article   2.27 Self-certification 2
  • Article   2.28 Review, Consultations and Temporary Suspension of Self-certification 2
  • Article   2.29 Standstill 2
  • Article   2.30 Amendments 2
  • Section   D Other Provisions 2
  • Article   2.31 Exchange of Information 2
  • Article   2.32 Special Measures Concerning the Management of Preferential Tariff Treatment 2
  • Article   2.33 Committee on Trade In Goods 2
  • Article   2.34 Working Group on Wine 2
  • Chapter   3 RULES OF ORIGIN AND ORIGIN PROCEDURES 2
  • Section   A Rules of Origin 2
  • Article   3.1 Definitions 2
  • Article   3.2 Requirements for Originating Products 2
  • Article   3.3 Wholly Obtained Products 3
  • Article   3.4 Insufficient Working or Processing 3
  • Article   3.5 Accumulation 3
  • Article   3.6 Tolerances 3
  • Article   3.7 Unit of Qualification 3
  • Article   3.8 Accounting Segregation 3
  • Article   3.9 Sets 3
  • Article   3.10 Non-alteration 3
  • Article   3.11 Returning Products 3
  • Article   3.12 Accessories, Spare Parts, Tools and Instructional or other Information Materials 3
  • Article   3.13 Neutral Elements 3
  • Article   3.14 Packing Materials and Containers for Shipment 3
  • Article   3.15 Packaging Materials and Containers for Retail Sale 3
  • Section   B Origin Procedures 3
  • Article   3.16 Claim for Preferential Tariff Treatment 3
  • Article   3.17 Statement on Origin 3
  • Article   3.18 Importer's Knowledge 3
  • Article   3.19 Record Keeping Requirements 3
  • Article   3.20 Small Consignments and Waivers 4
  • Article   3.21 Verification 4
  • Article   3.22 Administrative Cooperation 4
  • Article   3.23 Mutual Assistance In the Fight Against Fraud 4
  • Article   3.24 Denial of Preferential Tariff Treatment 4
  • Article   3.25 Confidentiality 4
  • Article   3.26 Administrative Measures and Sanctions 4
  • Section   C Miscellaneous 4
  • Article   3.27 Committee on Rules of Origin and Customs-Related Matters 4
  • Article   3.28 Transitional Provisions for Products In Transit or Storage 4
  • Chapter   4 CUSTOMS MATTERS AND TRADE FACILITATION 4
  • Article   4.1 Objectives 4
  • Article   4.2 Scope 4
  • Article   4.3 Transparency 4
  • Article   4.4 Procedures for Import, Export and Transit 4
  • Article   4.5 Release of Goods 4
  • Article   4.6 Simplification of Customs Procedures 4
  • Article   4.7 Advance Rulings 4
  • Article   4.8 Appeal and Review 4
  • Article   4.9 Risk Management 4
  • Article   4.10 Post-clearance Audit 4
  • Article   4.11 Transit and Transhipment 4
  • Article   4.12 Customs Cooperation 4
  • Article   4.13 Temporary Admission 5
  • Article   4.14 Committee on Rules of Origin and Customs-Related Matters 5
  • Chapter   5 TRADE REMEDIES 5
  • Section   A General Provisions 5
  • Article   5.1 Definitions 5
  • Section   B Bilateral Safeguard Measures 5
  • Article   5.2 Application of Bilateral Safeguard Measures 5
  • Article   5.3 Conditions and Limitations 5
  • Article   5.4 Investigation 5
  • Article   5.5 Notification 5
  • Article   5.6 Consultations and Compensations 5
  • Article   5.7 Provisional Bilateral Safeguard Measures 5
  • Article   5.8 Miscellaneous 5
  • Section   C Global Safeguard Measures 5
  • Article   5.9 General Provisions 5
  • Article   5.10 Application of Safeguard Measures 5
  • Section   D Anti-dumping and Countervailing Measures 5
  • Article   5.11 General Provisions 5
  • Article   5.12 Transparency and Disclosure of Essential Facts 5
  • Article   5.13 Consideration of Public Interest 5
  • Article   5.14 Anti-dumping Investigation 5
  • Article   5.15 Imposition of Anti-dumping and Countervailing Duties ("Lesser Duty Rule") 5
  • Chapter   6 SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES 5
  • Article   6.1 Objectives 5
  • Article   6.2 Scope of Application 5
  • Article   6.3 Definitions 5
  • Article   6.4 Relation to the WTO Agreement 5
  • Article   6.5 Competent Authorities and Contact Points 5
  • Article   6.6 Risk Assessment 5
  • Article   6.7 Import Conditions, Import Procedures and Trade Facilitation 5
  • Article   6.8 Audit 5
  • Article   6.9 Procedure for Listing of Establishments or Facilities 6
  • Article   6.10 Adaptation to Regional Conditions 6
  • Article   6.11 Transparency and Exchange of Information 6
  • Article   6.12 Technical Consultations 6
  • Article   6.13 Emergency Measures 6
  • Article   6.14 Equivalence 6
  • Article   6.15 Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 6
  • Article   6.16 Dispute Settlement 6
  • Chapter   7 TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE 6
  • Article   7.1 Objectives 6
  • Article   7.2 Scope 6
  • Article   7.3 Incorporation of Certain Provisions of the TBT Agreement 6
  • Article   7.4 Definitions 6
  • Article   7.5 Technical Regulations 6
  • Article   7.6 International Standards 6
  • Article   7.7 Standards 6
  • Article   7.8 Conformity Assessment Procedures 6
  • Article   7.9 Transparency 6
  • Article   7.10 Market Surveillance 7
  • Article   7.11 Marking and Labelling 7
  • Article   7.12 Lot Identification Codes 7
  • Article   7.13 Cooperation 7
  • Article   7.14 Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade 7
  • Article   7.15 Contact Points 7
  • Chapter   8 TRADE IN SERVICES, INVESTMENT LIBERALISATION AND ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 7
  • Section   A General Provisions 7
  • Article   8.1 Scope 7
  • Article   8.2 Definitions 7
  • Article   8.3 General Exceptions 7
  • Article   8.4 Committee on Trade In Services, Investment Liberalisation and Electronic Commerce 7
  • Article   8.5 Review 7
  • Section   B Investment Liberalisation 7
  • Article   8.6 Scope 7
  • Article   8.7 Market Access 8
  • Article   8.8 National Treatment 8
  • Article   8.9 Most-favoured-nation Treatment 8
  • Article   8.10 Senior Management and Boards of Directors 8
  • Article   8.11 Prohibition of Performance Requirements 8
  • Article   8.12 Non-conforming Measures and Exceptions 8
  • Article   8.13 Denial of Benefits 8
  • Section   C Cross-border Trade In Services 8
  • Article   8.14 Scope 8
  • Article   8.15 Market Access 8
  • Article   8.16 National Treatment 8
  • Article   8.17 Most-favoured-nation Treatment 8
  • Article   8.18 Non-conforming Measures 8
  • Article   8.19 Denial of Benefits 8
  • Section   D Entry and Temporary Stay of Natural Persons 8
  • Article   8.20 General Provisions and Scope 8
  • Article   8.21 Definitions 9
  • Article   8.22 General Obligations 9
  • Article   8.23 Transparency 9
  • Article   8.24 Obligations In other Sections 9
  • Article   8.25 Business Visitors for Establishment Purposes, Intra-corporate Transferees and Investors 9
  • Article   8.26 Contractual Service Suppliers and Independent Professionals 9
  • Article   8.27 Short-term Business Visitors 9
  • Article   8.28 Contact Points 9
  • Section   E Regulatory Framework 9
  • Subsection   1 Domestic Regulation 9
  • Article   8.29 Scope and Definitions 9
  • Article   8.30 Conditions for Licensing and Qualification 9
  • Article   8.31 Licensing and Qualification Procedures 9
  • Article   8.32 Technical Standards 9
  • Subsection   2 Provisions of General Application 9
  • Article   8.33 Administration of Measures of General Application 9
  • Article   8.34 Review Procedures for Administrative Decisions 9
  • Article   8.35 Mutual Recognition 9
  • Subsection   3 Postal and Courier Services 9
  • Article   8.36 Scope and Definitions 9
  • Article   8.37 Universal Service 10
  • Article   8.38 Border Procedures 10
  • Article   8.39 Licences 10
  • Article   8.40 Independence of the Regulatory Body 10
  • Subsection   4 Telecommunications Services 10
  • Article   8.41 Scope 10
  • Article   8.42 Definitions 10
  • Article   8.43 Approaches to Regulation 10
  • Article   8.44 Access and Use 10
  • Article   8.45 Number Portability 10
  • Article   8.46 Resale 10
  • Article   8.47 Enabling Use of Network Facilities and Interconnection 10
  • Article   8.48 Obligations Relating to Major Suppliers 10
  • Article   8.49 Regulatory Authority 10
  • Article   8.50 Universal Service 10
  • Article   8.51 Authorisation to Provide Telecommunications Networks and Services 10
  • Article   8.52 Allocation and Use of Scarce Resources 10
  • Article   8.53 Transparency 10
  • Article   8.54 Resolution of Telecommunications Disputes 10
  • Article   8.55 Relation to International Organisations 11
  • Article   8.56 Confidentiality of Information 11
  • Article   8.57 International Mobile Roaming 11
  • Subsection   5 Financial Services 11
  • Article   8.58 Scope 11
  • Article   8.59 Definitions 11
  • Article   8.60 New Financial Services  (1) 11
  • Article   8.61 Payment and Clearing Systems 11
  • Article   8.62 Self-regulatory Organisations 11
  • Article   8.63 Financial Information 11
  • Article   8.64 Effective and Transparent Regulation 11
  • Article   8.65 Prudential Carve-out 11
  • Article   8.66 Supply of Insurance Services by Postal Insurance Entities 11
  • Article   8.67 Regulatory Cooperation In Financial Services 11
  • Subsection   6 International Maritime Transport Services 11
  • Article   8.68 Scope and Definitions 11
  • Article   8.69 Obligations 11
  • Section   F Electronic Commerce 11
  • Article   8.70 Objective and General Provisions 11
  • Article   8.71 Definitions 11
  • Article   8.72 Customs Duties 12
  • Article   8.73 Source Code 12
  • Article   8.74 Domestic Regulation 12
  • Article   8.75 Principle of No Prior Authorisation 12
  • Article   8.76 Conclusion of Contracts by Electronic Means 12
  • Article   8.77 Electronic Authentication and Electronic Signature 12
  • Article   8.78 Principles on Access to and Use of the Internet for Electronic Commerce 12
  • Article   8.79 Consumer Protection 12
  • Article   8.80 Personal Information Protection 12
  • Article   8.81 Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Messages 12
  • Article   8.82 Open Government Data 12
  • Article   8.83 Cooperation on Electronic Commerce 12
  • Article   8.84 Cross-border Transfer of Information by Electronic Means 12
  • Article   8.85 Location of Computing Facilities 12
  • Article   8.86 Commercial Information and Communication Technology Products That Use Cryptography  (1) 12
  • Chapter   9 CAPITAL MOVEMENTS, PAYMENTS AND TRANSFERS AND TEMPORARY SAFEGUARD MEASURES 12
  • Article   9.1 Current Account 12
  • Article   9.2 Capital Movements 12
  • Article   9.3 Application of Laws and Regulations Relating to Capital Movements, Payments or Transfers 12
  • Article   9.4 Temporary Safeguard Measures 12
  • Chapter   10 GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT 13
  • Article   10.1 Incorporation of the GPA (1) 13
  • Article   10.2 Additional Scope of Application 13
  • Article   10.3 Additional Rules 13
  • Article   10.4 Publication of Notices 13
  • Article   10.5 Conditions for Participation 13
  • Article   10.6 Qualification of Suppliers 13
  • Article   10.7 Selective Tendering 13
  • Article   10.8 Technical Specifications 13
  • Article   10.9 Test Reports 13
  • Article   10.10 Environmental Conditions 13
  • Article   10.11 Treatment of Tenders and Awarding of Contracts 13
  • Article   10.12 Domestic Review Procedures 13
  • Article   10.13 Collection and Reporting of Statistics 13
  • Article   10.14 Modifications and Rectifications to Coverage 13
  • Article   10.15 Cooperation 13
  • Article   10.16 Committee on Government Procurement 13
  • Article   10.17 Contact Points 13
  • Chapter   11 COMPETITION POLICY 13
  • Article   11.1 Principles 13
  • Article   11.2 Anticompetitive Practices 13
  • Article   11.3 Legislative and Regulatory Framework 13
  • Article   11.4 Operational Independence 13
  • Article   11.5 Non-discrimination 13
  • Article   11.6 Procedural Fairness 13
  • Article   11.7 Consumer Protection 13
  • Article   11.8 Transparency 14
  • Article   11.9 Enforcement Cooperation 14
  • Article   11.10 Dispute Settlement 14
  • Chapter   12 SUBSIDIES 14
  • Article   12.1 Principles 14
  • Article   12.2 Definitions 14
  • Article   12.3 Scope 14
  • Article   12.4 Relation to the WTO Agreement 14
  • Article   12.5 Notification 14
  • Article   12.6 Consultations 14
  • Article   12.7 Prohibited Subsidies 14
  • Article   12.8 Use of Subsidies 14
  • Article   12.9 General Exceptions 14
  • Article   12.10 Dispute Settlement 14
  • Chapter   13 STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES, ENTERPRISES GRANTED SPECIAL RIGHTS OR PRIVILEGES AND DESIGNATED MONOPOLIES 14
  • Article   13.1 Definitions 14
  • Article   13.2 Scope 14
  • Article   13.3 Relation to the WTO Agreement 14
  • Article   13.4 General Provisions 14
  • Article   13.5 Non-discriminatory Treatment and Commercial Considerations 14
  • Article   13.6 Regulatory Framework 14
  • Article   13.7 Information Exchange 14
  • Article   13.8 General Exceptions 14
  • Chapter   14 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 14
  • Section   A General Provisions 14
  • Article   14.1 Initial Provisions 14
  • Article   14.2 Agreed Principles 14
  • Article   14.3 International Agreements 14
  • Article   14.4 National Treatment 15
  • Article   14.5 Most-favoured-nation Treatment 15
  • Article   14.6 Procedural Matters and Transparency 15
  • Article   14.7 Promotion of Public Awareness Concerning Protection of Intellectual Property 15
  • Section   B Standards Concerning Intellectual Property 15
  • Subsection   1 Copyright and Related Rights 15
  • Article   14.8 Authors 15
  • Article   14.9 Performers 15
  • Article   14.10 Producers of Phonograms 15
  • Article   14.11 Broadcasting Organisations 15
  • Article   14.12 Use of Phonograms 15
  • Article   14.13 Term of Protection  (1) 15
  • Article   14.14 Limitations and Exceptions 15
  • Article   14.15 Artist's Resale Right In Works of Art 15
  • Article   14.16 Collective Management 15
  • Article   14.17 Protection of Existing Subject Matter 15
  • Article   14.18 Technological Protection Measures 15
  • Article   14.19 Rights Management Information 15
  • Subsection   2 Trademarks 15
  • Article   14.20 Rights Conferred by a Trademark 15
  • Article   14.21 Exceptions 15
  • Article   14.22 Preparatory Acts Deemed as Infringement 15
  • Article   14.23 Well-known Trademarks 15
  • Article   14.24 Bad Faith Trademarks 15
  • Article   14.25 Registration and Renewal Processes 15
  • Subsection   3 Geographical Indications 15
  • Article   14.26 Scope 15
  • Article   14.27 System of Protection of Geographical Indications 15
  • Article   14.28 Lists of Geographical Indications 15
  • Article   14.29 Scope of Protection of Geographical Indications 15
  • Article   14.30 Scope of the Use of Geographical Indications 16
  • Article   14.31 Relationship with Trademarks 16
  • Article   14.32 Enforcement of Protection 16
  • Article   14.33 Exceptions 16
  • Article   14.34 Amendment of the Lists of Geographical Indications 16
  • Subsection   4 Industrial Designs  (1) 16
  • Article   14.35 Industrial Designs 16
  • Article   14.36 Multiple Design Applications  (1) 16
  • Subsection   5 Unregistered Appearance of Products 16
  • Article   14.37 Unregistered Appearance of Products 16
  • Subsection   6 Patents 16
  • Article   14.38 Patents 16
  • Article   14.39 Patents and Public Health 16
  • Article   14.40 Extension of the Period of Protection Conferred by a Patent on Pharmaceutical Products and Agricultural Chemical Products  (1) (2) 16
  • Subsection   7 Trade Secrets and Undisclosed Test or other Data 16
  • Article   14.41 Scope of Protection of Trade Secrets 16
  • Article   14.42 Treatment of Test Data In Marketing Approval Procedure 16
  • Subsection   8 New Varieties of Plants 16
  • Article   14.43 New Varieties of Plants 16
  • Subsection   9 Unfair Competition 16
  • Article   14.44 Unfair Competition 16
  • Section   C Enforcement 16
  • Subsection   1 General Provisions 16
  • Article   14.45 Enforcement - General 16
  • Article   14.46 Entitled Applicants 16
  • Subsection   2 Enforcement - Civil Remedies  (1) (2) 16
  • Article   14.47 Measures for Preserving Evidence 16
  • Article   14.48 Right of Information 16
  • Article   14.49 Provisional and Precautionary Measures 16
  • Article   14.50 Corrective Measures 16
  • Article   14.51 Injunctions 16
  • Article   14.52 Damages 17
  • Article   14.53 Costs 17
  • Article   14.54 Presumption of Authorship or Ownership 17
  • Article   14.55 Access to Justice 17
  • Subsection   3 Enforcement of Protection Against Misappropriation of Trade Secrets 17
  • Article   14.56 Civil Procedures and Remedies 17
  • Subsection   4 Enforcement - Border Measures 17
  • Article   14.57 Enforcement - Border Measures 17
  • Subsection   5 Enforcement - Criminal Remedies 17
  • Article   14.58 Criminal Procedures and Penalties 17
  • Subsection   6 Enforcement In the Digital Environment 17
  • Article   14.59 Enforcement In the Digital Environment 17
  • Section   D Cooperation and Institutional Arrangements 17
  • Article   14.60 Cooperation 17
  • Article   14.61 Committee on Intellectual Property 17
  • Article   14.62 Security Exceptions 17
  • Article   14.63 Dispute Settlement 17
  • Chapter   15 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 17
  • Article   15.1 Objectives 17
  • Article   15.2 Definitions 17
  • Article   15.3 General Principles 17
  • Article   15.4 Rights of Shareholders and Ownership Functions 17
  • Article   15.5 Roles of the Board 17
  • Article   15.6 Takeovers 17
  • Article   15.7 Dispute Settlement 17
  • Chapter   16 TRADE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 17
  • Article   16.1 Context and Objectives 17
  • Article   16.2 Right to Regulate and Levels of Protection 18
  • Article   16.3 International Labour Standards and Conventions 18
  • Article   16.4 Multilateral Environmental Agreements 18
  • Article   16.5 Trade and Investment Favouring Sustainable Development 18
  • Article   16.6 Biological Diversity 18
  • Article   16.7 Sustainable Management of Forests and Trade In Timber and Timber Products 18
  • Article   16.8 Trade and Sustainable Use of Fisheries Resources and Sustainable Aquaculture 18
  • Article   16.9 Scientific Information 18
  • Article   16.10 Transparency 18
  • Article   16.11 Review of Sustainability Impacts 18
  • Article   16.12 Cooperation 18
  • Article   16.13 Committee on Trade and Sustainable Development 18
  • Article   16.14 Contact Points 18
  • Article   16.15 Domestic Advisory Group 18
  • Article   16.16 Joint Dialogue with Civil Society 18
  • Article   16.17 Government Consultations 18
  • Article   16.18 Panel of Experts 18
  • Chapter   17 TRANSPARENCY 18
  • Article   17.1 Definitions 18
  • Article   17.2 Transparent Regulatory Environment 18
  • Article   17.3 Publication 18
  • Article   17.4 Enquiries 18
  • Article   17.5 Administration of Measures of General Application 18
  • Article   17.6 Review and Appeal 18
  • Article   17.7 Cooperation on the Promotion of Increased Transparency 18
  • Article   17.8 Relation to other Chapters 18
  • Article   17.9 Anti-Corruption 18
  • Chapter   18 GOOD REGULATORY PRACTICES AND REGULATORY COOPERATION 18
  • Section   A Good Regulatory Practices and Regulatory Cooperation 18
  • Subsection   1 General Provisions 18
  • Article   18.1 Objectives and General Principles 18
  • Article   18.2 Definitions 19
  • Article   18.3 Scope 19
  • Subsection   2 Good Regulatory Practices 19
  • Article   18.4 Internal Coordination 19
  • Article   18.5 Regulatory Processes and Mechanisms 19
  • Article   18.6 Early Information on Planned Regulatory Measures 19
  • Article   18.7 Public Consultations 19
  • Article   18.8 Impact Assessment 19
  • Article   18.9 Retrospective Evaluation 19
  • Article   18.10 Opportunity to Submit Comments 19
  • Article   18.11 Exchange of Information on Good Regulatory Practices 19
  • Subsection   3 Regulatory Cooperation 19
  • Article   18.12 Regulatory Cooperation Activities 19
  • Article   18.13 Good Practices to Promote Regulatory Compatibility 19
  • Subsection   4 Institutional Provisions 19
  • Article   18.14 Committee on Regulatory Cooperation 19
  • Article   18.15 Contact Points 19
  • Article   18.16 Exchange of Information on Planned or Existing Regulatory Measures 19
  • Section   B Animal Welfare 19
  • Article   18.17 Animal Welfare 19
  • Section   C Final Provisions 19
  • Article   18.18 Application of Section a 19
  • Article   18.19 Dispute Settlement 19
  • Chapter   19 COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURE 19
  • Article   19.1 Objectives 19
  • Article   19.2 Scope 19
  • Article   19.3 Cooperation for the Improvement of the Business Environment 19
  • Article   19.4 Request for Information 19
  • Article   19.5 Working Group on Cooperation In the Field of Agriculture 19
  • Article   19.6 Contact Points and Communications 20
  • Article   19.7 Relation to other Chapters 20
  • Article   19.8 Dispute Settlement 20
  • Chapter   20 SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES 20
  • Article   20.1 Objective 20
  • Article   20.2 Cooperation 20
  • Article   20.3 Information Sharing 20
  • Article   20.4 SME Contact Points 20
  • Article   20.5 Dispute Settlement 20
  • Chapter   21 TRADE AND WOMEN'S ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT 20
  • Article   21.1 Women and the Economy 20
  • Article   21.2 Cooperation Activities 20
  • Article   21.3 Working Group on Trade and Women's Economic Empowerment 20
  • Article   21.4 Dispute Settlement 20
  • Chapter   22 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 20
  • Section   A Objective, Scope and Definitions 20
  • Article   22.1 Objective 20
  • Article   22.2 Scope 20
  • Article   22.3 Definitions 20
  • Section   B Consultations and Mediation 20
  • Article   22.4 Request for Information 20
  • Article   22.5 Consultations 20
  • Article   22.6 Mediation 20
  • Section   C Panel Procedure 20
  • Article   22.7 Establishment of a Panel 20
  • Article   22.8 Composition of a Panel 20
  • Article   22.9 List of Arbitrators 21
  • Article   22.10 Qualifications of Arbitrators 21
  • Article   22.11 Replacement of Arbitrators 21
  • Article   22.12 Functions of Panels 21
  • Article   22.13 Terms of Reference 21
  • Article   22.14 Decision on Urgency 21
  • Article   22.15 Panel Proceedings 21
  • Article   22.16 Rules of Interpretation 21
  • Article   22.17 Receipt of Information 21
  • Article   22.18 Interim Report 21
  • Article   22.19 Final Report 21
  • Article   22.20 Compliance with the Final Report 21
  • Article   22.21 Compliance Review 21
  • Article   22.22 Temporary Remedies In Case of Non-compliance 21
  • Article   22.23 Compliance Review after the Adoption of Temporary Remedies 21
  • Article   22.24 Suspension and Termination of Proceedings 21
  • Section   D General Provisions 21
  • Article   22.25 Administration of the Dispute Settlement Procedure 21
  • Article   22.26 Mutually Agreed Solution 21
  • Article   22.27 Choice of Forum 21
  • Article   22.28 Time Period 21
  • Article   22.29 Expenses 21
  • Article   22.30 Rules of Procedure and Code of Conduct 21
  • Chapter   23 INSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS 21
  • Article   23.1 Joint Committee 21
  • Article   23.2 Decisions and Recommendations of the Joint Committee  21
  • Article   23.3 Specialised Committees 21
  • Article   23.4 Working Groups 22
  • Article   23.5 Work of Specialised Committees, Working Groups and other Bodies 22
  • Article   23.6 Contact Points 22
  • Chapter   24 FINAL PROVISIONS 22
  • Article   24.1 General Review 22
  • Article   24.2 Amendments 22
  • Article   24.3 Entry Into Force 22
  • Article   24.4 Termination 22
  • Article   24.5 No Direct Effect on Persons 22
  • Article   24.6 Annexes, Appendices, Protocol and Footnotes 22
  • Article   24.7 Authentic Texts 22