2. To this end, each Party shall consult with its relevant professional bodies to obtain their recommendations on:
(a) the development of procedures for the temporary licensing of such engineers to permit them to practice their engineering specialties in each jurisdiction in its territory;
(b) the development of model procedures for adoption by the competent authorities throughout its territory to facilitate the temporary licensing of such engineers;
(c) the engineering specialties to which priority should be given in developing temporary licensing procedures; and
(d) other matters relating to the temporary licensing of engineers identified by the Party in such consultations.
3. Each Party shall request its relevant professional bodies to make recommendations on the matters referred to in paragraph 2 within two years of the date of entry into force of this Agreement.
4. Each Party shall encourage its relevant professional bodies to meet at the earliest opportunity with the relevant professional bodies of the other Party with a view to cooperating in the development of joint recommendations on the matters referred to in paragraph 2 within two years of the date of entry into force of this Agreement. Each Party shall request an annual report from its relevant professional bodies on the progress achieved in developing those recommendations.
5. The Parties shall promptly review any recommendation referred to in paragraph 3 or 4t o ensure its consistency with this Agreement. If the recommendation is consistent with this Agreement, each Party shall encourage its competent authorities to implement the recommendation within one year.
6. The Commission shall review the implementation of this Section within two years of the date of entry into force of this Section.
Chapter I. TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Article I-01. Scope and Coverage
1. This Chapter applies to:
(a) measures adopted or maintained by a Party relating to access to and use of public telecommunications transport networks or services by persons of the other Party, including access and use by such persons operating private networks;
(b) measures adopted or maintained by a Party relating to the provision of enhanced or value-added services by persons of the other Party in the territory, or across the borders, of a Party; and
(c) standards-related measures relating to attachment of terminal or other equipment to public telecommunications transport networks.
2. Except to ensure that persons operating broadcast stations and cable systems have continued access to and use of public telecommunications transport networks and services, this Chapter does not apply to any measure adopted or maintained by a Party relating to broadcast or cable distribution of radio or television programming.
3. Nothing in this Chapter shall be construed to:
(a) require a Party to authorize a person of the other Party to establish, construct, acquire, lease, operate or provide telecommunications transport networks or telecommunications transport services;
(b) require a Party, or require a Party to compel any person, to establish, construct, acquire, lease, operate or provide telecommunications transport networks or telecommunications transport services not offered to the public generally;
(c) prevent a Party from prohibiting persons operating private networks from using their networks to provide public telecommunications transport networks or services to third persons; or
(d) require a Party to compel any person engaged in the broadcast or cable distribution of radio or television programming to make available its cable or broadcast facilities as a public telecommunications transport network.
Article I-02. Access to and Use of Public Telecommunications Transport Networks and Services
1. Each Party shall ensure that persons of the other Party have access to and use of any public telecommunications transport network or service, including private leased circuits, offered in its territory or across its borders for the conduct of their business, on reasonable and non- discriminatory terms and conditions, including as set out in paragraphs 2 through 8.
2. Subject to paragraphs 6 and 7, each Party shall ensure that such persons are permitted to:
(a) purchase or lease, and attach terminal or other equipment that interfaces with the public telecommunications transport network;
(b) interconnect private leased or owned circuits with public telecommunications transport networks in the territory, or across the borders, of that Party, including for use in providing dialup access to and from their customers or users, or with circuits leased or owned by another person on terms and conditions mutually agreed by those persons;
(c) perform switching, signalling and processing functions; and (d) use operating protocols of their choice.
3. Each Party shall ensure that:
(a) the pricing of public telecommunications transport services reflects economic costs directly related to providing the services; and
(b) private leased circuits are available on a flat-rate pricing basis.
Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prevent crosssubsidization between public telecommunications transport services.
4. Each Party shall ensure that persons of the other Party may use public telecommunications transport networks or services for the movement of information in its territory or across its borders, including for intracorporate communications, and for access to information contained in data bases or otherwise stored in machine-readable form in the territory of the other Party.
5. Further to Article O-01 (General Exceptions), nothing in this Chapter shall be construed to prevent a Party from adopting or enforcing any measure necessary to:
(a) ensure the security and confidentiality of messages; or
(b) protect the privacy of subscribers to public telecommunications transport networks or services.
6. Each Party shall ensure that no condition is imposed on access to and use of public telecommunications transport networks or services, other than that necessary to:
(a) safeguard the public service responsibilities of providers of public telecommunications transport networks or services, in particular their ability to make their networks or services available to the public generally; or
(b) protect the technical integrity of public telecommunications transport networks or services.
7. Provided that conditions for access to and use of public telecommunications transport networks or services satisfy the criteria set out in paragraph 6, such conditions may include:
(a) a restriction on resale or shared use of such services;
(b) a requirement to use specified technical interfaces, including interface protocols, for interconnection with such networks or services;
(c) a restriction on interconnection of private leased or owned circuits with such networks or services or with circuits leased or owned by anotherperson, where the circuits are used in the provision of public telecommunications transport networks or services; and
(d) a licensing, permit, registration or notification procedure which, if adopted or maintained, is transparent and applications filed thereunder are processed expeditiously.
8. For purposes of this Article, "non-discriminatory" means on terms and conditions no less favorable than those accorded to any other customer or user of like public telecommunications transport networks or services in like circumstances.
Article I-03. Conditions for the Provision of Enhanced or Value Added Services
1. Each Party shall ensure that:
(a) any licensing, permit, registration or notification procedure that it adopts or maintains relating to the provision of enhanced or valueadded services is transparent and nondiscriminatory, and that applications filed thereunder are processed expeditiously; and
(b) information required under such procedures is limited to that necessary to demonstrate that the applicant has the financial solvency to begin providing services or to assess conformity of the applicant's terminal or other equipment with the Party's applicable standards or technical regulations.
2. Neither Party may require a person providing enhanced or valueadded services to:
(a) provide those services to the public generally;
(b) cost justify its rates;
(c) file a tariff;
(d) interconnect its networks with any particular customer or network; or
(e) conform with any particular standard or technical regulation for interconnection other than for interconnection to a public telecommunications transport network.
3. Notwithstanding paragraph 2(c), a Party may require the filing of a tariff by:
(a) such provider to remedy a practice of that provider that the Party has found in a particular case to be anticompetitive under its law; or
(b) a monopoly to which Article I-05 applies.
Article I-04. Standards-Related Measures
1. Further to the WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade each Party shall ensure that its standards-related measures relating to the attachment of terminal or other equipment to the public telecommunications transport networks, including those measures relating to the use of testing and measuring equipment for conformity assessment procedures, are adopted or maintained only to the extent necessary to:
(a) prevent technical damage to public telecommunications transport networks;
(b) prevent technical interference with, or degradation of, public telecommunications transport services;
(c) prevent electromagnetic interference, and ensure compatibility, with other uses of the electromagnetic spectrum;
(d) prevent billing equipment malfunction; or
(e) ensure users' safety and access to public telecommunications transport networks or services.
2. A Party may require approval for the attachment to the public telecommunications transport network of terminal or other equipment that is not authorized, provided that the criteria for that approval are consistent with paragraph 1.
3. Each Party shall ensure that the network termination points for its public telecommunications transport networks are defined on a reasonable and transparent basis.
4. Neither Party may require separate authorization for equipment that is connected on the customer's side of authorized equipment that serves as a protective device fulfilling the criteria of paragraph 1.
5. Further to the WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade each Party shall:
(a) ensure that its conformity assessment procedures are transparent and non- discriminatory and that applications filed thereunder are processed expeditiously;
(b) permit any technically qualified entity to perform the testing required under the Party's conformity assessment procedures for terminal or other equipment to be attached to the public telecommunications transport network, subject to the Party's right to review the accuracy and completeness of the test results; and
(c) ensure that any measure that it adopts or maintains requiring persons to be authorized to act as agents for suppliers of telecommunications equipment before the Party's relevant conformity assessment bodies is non-discriminatory.
6. No later than one year after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, each Party shall adopt, as part of its conformity assessment procedures, provisions necessary to accept the test results from laboratories or testing facilities in the territory of the other Party for tests performed in accordance with the accepting Party's standards-related measures and procedures.
7. The Parties hereby establish a Committee on Telecommunications Standards, comprising representatives of each Party.
8. The Committee on Telecommunications Standards shall perform the functions set out in Annex I-04.
Article I-05. Monopolies (1)
1. Where a Party maintains or designates a monopoly to provide public telecommunications transport networks or services, and the monopoly, directly or through an affiliate, competes in the provision of enhanced or value added services or other telecommunications-related services or telecommunications-related goods, the Party shall ensure that the monopoly does not use its monopoly position to engage in anticompetitive conduct in those markets, either directly or through its dealings with its affiliates, in such a manner as to affect adversely a person of the other Party. Such conduct may include cross subsidization, predatory conduct and the discriminatory provision of access to public telecommunications transport networks or services.
2. To prevent such anticompetitive conduct, each Party shall adopt or maintain effective measures, such as:
(a) accounting requirements;
(b) equirements for structural separation;
(c) rules to ensure that the monopoly accords its competitors access to and use of its public telecommunications transport networks or services on terms and conditions no less favourable than those it accords to itself or its affiliates; or
(d) rules to ensure the timely disclosure of technical changes to public telecommunications transport networks and their interfaces.
Article I-06. Transparency
Further to Article L-02 (Publication), each Party shall make publicly available its measures relating to access to and use of public telecommunications transport networks or services, including measures relating to:
(a) tariffs and other terms and conditions of service;
(b) specifications of technical interfaces with the networks or services;
(c) information on bodies responsible for the preparation and adoption of standards- related measures affecting such access and use;
(d) conditions applying to attachment of terminal or other equipment to the networks; and
(e) notification, permit, registration or licensing requirements.
Article I-07. Relation to other Chapters
In the event of any inconsistency between this Chapter and another Chapter, this Chapter shall prevail to the extent of the inconsistency.
Article I-08. Relation to International Organizations and Agreements
The Parties recognize the importance of international standards for global compatibility and interoperability of telecommunication networks or services and undertake to promote those standards through the work of relevant international bodies, including the International Telecommunication Union and the International Organization for Standardization.
Article I-09. Technical Cooperation and other Consultations
1. To encourage the development of interoperable telecommunications transport services infrastructure, the Parties shall cooperate in the exchange of technical information, the development of government-to-government training programs and other related activities. In implementing this obligation, the Parties shall give special emphasis to existing exchange programs.
2. The Parties shall consult with a view to determining the feasibility of further liberalizing trade in all telecommunications services, including public telecommunications transport networks and services.
Article I-10. Definitions
For purposes of this Chapter:
authorized equipment means terminal or other equipment that has been approved for attachment to the public telecommunications transport network in accordance with a Party's conformity assessment procedures;
conformity assessment procedure means "conformity assessment procedure" as defined in the WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade and includes the procedures referred to in Annex I-10;
enhanced or valueadded services means those telecommunications services employing computer processing applications that:
(a) act on the format, content, code, protocol or similar aspects of a customer's transmitted information;
(b) provide a customer with additional, different or restructured information; or
(c) involve customer interaction with stored information;
flat-rate pricing basis means pricing on the basis of a fixed charge per period of time regardless of the amount of use;
intracorporate communications means telecommunications through which an enterprise communicates:
(a) internally or with or among its subsidiaries, branches or affiliates, as defined by each Party; or
(b) on a noncommercial basis with other persons that are fundamental to the economic activity of the enterprise and that have a continuing contractual relationship with it, but does not include telecommunications services provided to persons other than those described herein;
network termination point means the final demarcation of the public telecommunications transport network at the customer's premises;
private network means a telecommunications transport network that is used exclusively for intracorporate communications;
protocol means a set of rules and formats that govern the exchange of information between two peer entities for purposes of transferring signaling or data information;
public telecommunications transport network means public telecommunications infrastructure that permits telecommunications between defined network termination points;
public telecommunications transport networks or services means public telecommunications transport networks or public telecommunications transport services;
public telecommunications transport service means any telecommunications transport service required by a Party, explicitly or in effect, to be offered to the public generally, including telegraph, telephone, telex and data transmission, that typically involves the real-time transmission of customer-supplied information between two or more points without any end-to end change in the form or content of the customer's information;
standard means a document, approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for goods or related processes and production methods, or for services or related operating methods, with which compliance is not mandatory. It may also include or deal exclusively with terminology, symbols, packaging, marking or labelling requirements as they apply to a good, process, or production or operating method;
standards-related measure means a standard, technical regulation or conformity assessment procedure;
telecommunications means the transmission and reception of signals by any electromagnetic means;
technical regulation means a document which lays down goods' characteristics or their related processes and production methods, or services' characteristics or their related operating methods, including the applicable administrative provisions, with which compliance is mandatory. It may also include or deal exclusively with terminology, symbols, packaging, marking or labelling requirements as they apply to a good, process, or production or operating method;
telecommunications service means a service provided by means of the transmission and reception of signals by any electromagnetic means, but does not mean the cable, broadcast or other electromagnetic distribution of radio or television programming to the public generally;
terminal equipment means any digital or analog device capable of processing, receiving, switching, signaling or transmitting signals by electromagnetic means and that is connected by radio or wire to a public telecommunications transport network at a termination point; and
WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade means the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade which forms part of the WTO Agreement.
Chapter J. COMPETITION POLICY, MONOPOLIES AND STATE ENTERPRISES
Article J-01. Competition Law (1)
1. Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures to proscribe anti-competitive business conduct and take appropriate action with respect thereto, recognizing that such measures will enhance the fulfillment of the objectives of this Agreement. To this end the Parties shall consult from time to time about the effectiveness of measures undertaken by each Party.
2. Each Party recognizes the importance of cooperation and coordination among their authorities to further effective competition law enforcement in the free trade area. The Parties shall cooperate on issues of competition law enforcement policy, including mutual legal assistance, notification, consultation and exchange of information relating to the enforcement of competition laws and policies in the free trade area.
3. Neither Party may have recourse to dispute settlement under this Agreement for any matter arising under this Article.
Article J-02. Monopolies and State Enterprises (2)
1. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to prevent a Party from designating a monopoly.
2. Where a Party intends to designate a monopoly and the designation may affect the interests of persons of the other Party, the Party shall:
(a) wherever possible, provide prior written notification to the other Party of the designation; and
(b) endeavor to introduce at the time of the designation such conditions on the operation of the monopoly as will minimize or eliminate any nullification or impairment of benefits in the sense of Annex N-04 (Nullification and Impairment).
3. Each Party shall ensure, through regulatory control, administrative supervision or the application of other measures, that any privately-owned monopoly that it designates and any government monopoly that it maintains or designates:
(a) acts in a manner that is not inconsistent with the Party's obligations under this Agreement wherever such a monopoly exercises any regulatory, administrative or other governmental authority that the Party has delegated to it in connection with the monopoly good or service, such as the power to grant import or export licences, approve commercial transactions or impose quotas, fees or other charges (3);
(b) except to comply with any terms of its designation that are not inconsistent with subparagraph (c) or (d), acts solely in accordance with commercial considerations in its purchase or sale of the monopoly good or service in the relevant market, including with regard to price, quality, availability, marketability, transportation and other terms and conditions of purchase or sale (4);
(c) provides non-discriminatory treatment to investments of investors, to goods and to service providers of the other Party in its purchase or sale of the monopoly good or service in the relevant market; and
(d) does not use its monopoly position to engage, either directly or indirectly, including through its dealings with its parent, its subsidiary or other enterprise with common ownership, in anticompetitive practices in a non-monopolized market in its territory that adversely affect an investment of an investor of the other Party, including through the discriminatory provision of the monopoly good or service, cross-subsidization or predatory conduct.
4. Paragraph 3 does not apply to procurement by governmental agencies of goods or services for governmental purposes and not with a view to commercial resale or with a view to use in the production of goods or the provision of services for commercial sale.
5. For purposes of this Article "maintain" means designate prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement and existing on that date.
Article J-03. State Enterprises
1. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to prevent a Party from maintaining or establishing a state enterprise.
2. Each Party shall ensure, through regulatory control, administrative supervision or the application of other measures, that any state enterprise that it maintains or establishes acts in a manner that is not inconsistent with the Party's obligations under Chapter G (Investment) wherever such enterprise exercises any regulatory, administrative or other governmental authority that the Party has delegated to it, such as the power to expropriate, grant licences, approve commercial transactions or impose quotas, fees or other charges.
3. Each Party shall ensure that any state enterprise that it maintains or establishes accords non-discriminatory treatment in the sale of its goods or services to investments in the Party's territory of investors of the other Party.
Article J-04. Definitions
For purposes of this Chapter:
designate means to establish, designate or authorize, or to expand the scope of a monopoly to cover an additional good or service, after the date of entry into force of this Agreement;
discriminatory provision includes treating:
(a) a parent, a subsidiary or other enterprise with common ownership more favourably than an unaffiliated enterprise, or