New Zealand - United Kingdom FTA (2022)
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2. Recognising the importance of increasing the use of electronic contracts, the Parties should review and reduce the circumstances referred to in paragraph 1.

Article 15.6. Domestic Electronic Transactions Framework

1. Each Party shall maintain a legal framework governing electronic transactions consistent with the principles of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce done at New York on 12 June 1996 or the United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts done at New York on 23 November 2005.

2. Each Party shall endeavour to:

(a) avoid any unnecessary regulatory burden on electronic transactions; and

(b) facilitate input by interested persons in the development of its legal framework for electronic transactions.

3. The Parties recognise the importance of facilitating the use of electronic transferable records. When developing measures relating to electronic transferable records, each Party shall take into account the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records done at New York on 13 July 2017.

Article 15.7. Electronic Authentication

1. Except in circumstances otherwise provided for under its laws and regulations, neither Party shall deny the legal effect or admissibility as evidence in legal proceedings of an electronic document, an electronic signature, an electronic seal, or the authenticating data resulting from electronic authentication, solely on the ground that it is in electronic form.

2. Neither Party shall adopt or maintain a measure that would:

(a) prohibit parties to an electronic transaction from mutually determining the appropriate electronic authentication method for their transaction; or

(b) prevent parties to an electronic transaction from being able to prove to judicial and administrative authorities that the use of electronic authentication in that transaction complies with the applicable legal requirements.

3. Notwithstanding paragraph 2, a Party may require that for a particular category of transactions, the method of electronic authentication is certified by an authority accredited in accordance with its law or meets certain performance standards which shall be objective, transparent, and non-discriminatory and shall only relate to the specific characteristics of the category of transactions concerned.

4. The Parties shall encourage the use of interoperable electronic authentication, and recognise the benefits of working towards mutual recognition of electronic authentication. To this end, the Parties shall endeavour to share information, where appropriate, on matters related to e-authentication.

5. To the extent provided for under its laws or regulations, a Party shall apply paragraphs 1 to 4 to electronic processes or means of facilitating or enabling electronic transactions, such as electronic time stamps and electronic registered delivery services.

Article 15.8. Digital Identities

1. The Parties recognise that:

(a) the cooperation of the Parties on digital identities will increase regional and global connectivity; and

(b) each Party may have different implementations of, and legal approaches to, digital identities.

2. The Parties shall strengthen cooperation and facilitate initiatives to promote compatibility and interoperability between their respective regimes for digital identities, including exploring:

(a) the development and maintenance of appropriate frameworks to increase technical and service interoperability between each Party's implementation of digital identities;

(b) supporting the development of international frameworks on digital identity regimes;

(c) identifying use cases for the mutual recognition of digital identities; and

(d) the exchange of knowledge and expertise on best practices relating to digital identity policies and regulations, technical implementation and security standards, promotion, and user adoption.

3. For greater certainty, nothing in this Article shall prevent a Party from adopting or maintaining measures inconsistent with paragraph 2 to achieve a legitimate public policy objective.

Article 15.9. Electronic Invoicing

1. The Parties recognise the importance of e-invoicing to increase the efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of commercial transactions. Each Party also recognises the benefits of ensuring interoperability of e-invoicing systems to support digital trade and that these systems can be used for business-to-business and business-to-consumer digital transactions.

2. Each Party shall ensure that the implementation of measures related to e- invoicing in its jurisdiction is designed to support cross-border interoperability. When developing measures related to e-invoicing, each Party shall take into account international frameworks, guidelines, or tecommendations, where these exist.

3. The Parties shall share best practices pertaining to e-invoicing.

Article 15.10. Paperless Trading

1. Each Party shall make trade administration documents that it issues or controls available to the public in electronic form.

2. Each Party shall endeavour to accept a trade administration document submitted electronically as the legal equivalent of the paper version of that document.

The Parties shall, where appropriate, cooperate bilaterally and in international fora on matters related to paperless trading, such as enhancing the standardisation and acceptance of electronic trade administration documents.

In developing initiatives concerning the use of paperless trading, each Party shall take into account the principles and guidelines agreed by relevant international bodies.

Article 15.11. Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Messages

1. Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures regarding unsolicited commercial electronic messages that:

(a) require suppliers of unsolicited commercial electronic messages to facilitate the ability of recipients to prevent ongoing reception of those messages; or

(b) require the consent, as specified according to the laws and regulations of each Party, of recipients to receive commercial electronic messages, and otherwise provide for the minimisation of unsolicited commercial electronic messages.

2. Each Party shall ensure that unsolicited commercial electronic messages are clearly identifiable as such, clearly disclose on whose behalf they are made and contain the necessary information to enable recipients to request cessation free of charge and at any time.

3. Each Party shall provide access to either redress or recourse against suppliers of unsolicited commercial electronic messages that do not comply with the measures adopted or maintained pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 2.

4. The Parties shall endeavour to cooperate in appropriate cases of mutual concern regarding the regulation of unsolicited commercial electronic messages.

Article 15.12. Commercial Information and Communication Technology Products That UseCryptography

1. Neither Party shall impose or maintain a technical regulation or conformity assessment procedure that requires a manufacturer or supplier ofa commercial ICT product that uses cryptography, as a condition of the manufacture, sale, distribution, import, or use of that commercial ICT product, to:

(a) transfer or provide access to any proprietary information relating to cryptography, including by disclosing a particular technology or production process or other information, for example, a private key or other secret parameter, algorithm specification, or other design detail, to that Party or a person in the territory of that Party;

(b) partner or otherwise cooperate with a person in the territory of that Party in the development, manufacture, sale, distribution, import, or use of the commercial ICT product; or

(c) use or integrate a particular cipher or cryptographic algorithm.

2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1 of Article 15.3 (Scope and General Provisions), this Article shall apply to commercial ICT products that use cryptography. (3) This Article shall not apply to:

(a) a Party's law enforcement authorities requiring service suppliers using encryption to provide access to encrypted and unencrypted communications pursuant to that Party's legal procedures;

(b) the regulation of financial instruments;

(c) a requirement that a Party adopts or maintains relating to access to networks, including user devices, that are owned or controlled by that Party, including those of central banks;

(d) measures by a Party adopted or maintained pursuant to supervisory, investigatory, or examination authority relating to financial service suppliers or financial markets;

(e) the manufacture, sale, distribution, import, or use of a commercial ICT product by or for a Party; or

(f) a commercial ICT product other than a good.

(3) For greater certainty, for the purposes of this Article, a commercial ICT product does not include a financial instrument.

Article 15.13. Personal Information Protection

1. The Parties emphasise the economic and social benefits of protecting the personal information of users of digital trade and the contribution that this makes to enhancing consumer confidence in digital trade.

2. Each Party shall adopt or maintain a legal framework that provides for the protection of the personal information of the users of digital trade. In the development of its legal framework for the protection of personal information, each Party shall take into account principles and guidelines of relevant international bodies.

3. The Parties recognise that the principles underpinning a robust personal information protection framework include:

(a) collection limitation;

(b) data quality;

(c) purpose specification;

(d) use limitation;

(e) security safeguards;

(f) openness;

(g) individual participation; and

(h) accountability.

4. Each Party shall adopt non-discriminatory practices in protecting users of digital trade from personal information protection violations occurring within its jurisdiction.

5. Each Party shall publish information on the personal information protections it provides to users of digital trade, including how:

(a) an individual can pursue a remedy; and

(b) an enterprise can comply with any legal requirements.

6. Each Party shall pursue the development of mechanisms to promote compatibility and interoperability between these different regimes for protecting personal information. These mechanisms may include the recognition of regulatory outcomes, whether accorded autonomously or by mutual arrangement, or broader international frameworks. To this end, the Parties shall exchange information on any mechanisms applied in their respective jurisdictions and explore ways to extend these or other suitable arrangements to promote compatibility and interoperability between them.

Article 15.14. Cross-Border Transfer of Information by Electronic Means

1. The Parties recognise that each Party may have its own regulatory requirements concerning the transfer of information by electronic means.

2. Each Party shall allow the cross-border transfer of information by electronic means, including personal information, if this activity is for the conduct of the business of a covered person.

3. Nothing in this Article shall prevent a Party from adopting or maintaining a measure inconsistent with paragraph 2 to achieve a legitimate public policy objective, provided that the measure:

(a) is not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade; and

(b) does not impose restrictions on transfers of information greater than are required to achieve the objective.

Article 15.15. Location of Computing Facilities

1. The Parties recognise that each Party may have its own regulatory requirements regarding the use of computing facilities, including requirements that seek to ensure the security and confidentiality of communications.

2. Neither Party shall require a covered person to use or locate computing facilities in that Party's territory as a condition for conducting business in that territory.

3. Nothing in this Article shall prevent a Party from adopting or maintaining a measure inconsistent with paragraph 2 to achieve a legitimate public policy objective, provided that the measure:

(a) is not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade; and

(b) does not impose restrictions on the use or location of computing facilities greater than are required to achieve the objective.

Article 15.16. Open Internet Access

1. Subject to their applicable policies, laws, and regulations, each Party  recognises the benefits of consumers (4) in their territory having the ability to:

(a) access, distribute, and use services and applications of their choice available on the Internet, subject to reasonable network management which does not block or slow down traffic based on commercial reasons;

(b) connect devices of their choice to the Internet, provided that these devices do not harm the network; and

(c) access information on the network management practices of their Internet access service supplier.

(4) For the purposes of this Article, "consumer" means a natural person or enterprise using the Internet for personal, trade, or business or professional purposes.

Article 15.17. Open Government Data

1. For the purposes of this Article, government data and information means non- proprietary data and information held by the central level of government and, to the extent provided for under a Party's laws and regulations, by other levels of government.

2. The Parties recognise that facilitating public access to and use of government data and information fosters economic and social development, competitiveness, and innovation. To this end, each Party is encouraged to expand the coverage of government data and information digitally available for public access and use, through engagement and consultation with interested stakeholders, and Maori in the case of New Zealand.

3. To the extent that a Party makes government data and information available to the public, it shall endeavour to ensure that the data and information is in a machine-readable and open format and can be searched, retrieved, used, reused, and redistributed.

4. Each Party shall provide interested persons with the opportunity to request the disclosure of specific government data and information.

5. The Parties shall cooperate, as appropriate, to identify ways in which each Party can expand access to and the use of government data and information that the Party has made public, with a view to enhancing and generating business opportunities, especially for SMEs.

Article 15.18. Cooperation on Cyber Security Matters

1. The Parties recognise the importance of promoting secure digital trade to achieve global prosperity and recognise that threats to cyber security undermine confidence in digital trade.

2. The Parties further recognise the importance of:

(a) building the capabilities of their respective national entities responsible for cyber security incident response, taking into account the evolving nature of cyber security threats;

(b) using and strengthening existing collaboration mechanisms for cooperating to anticipate, identify, and mitigate malicious intrusions or dissemination of malicious code that affect the electronic networks of the Parties, and using those mechanisms to swiftly address cyber security incidents;

(c) workforce development in the area of cyber security, including through possible initiatives relating to mutual recognition of qualifications, and promoting diversity and equality; and

(d) maintaining a dialogue on matters related to cyber security, including for the sharing of information and experiences for awareness and best practices.

3. Given the evolving nature of cyber security threats, the Parties recognise that risk-based approaches may be more effective than prescriptive approaches in addressing those threats including in the context of digital trade. Accordingly, each Party shall encourage enterprises within its jurisdiction to use risk-based approaches that rely on open and transparent industry standards to:

(a) manage cyber security risks and to detect, respond to, and recover from cybersecurity events; and

(b) otherwise improve the cyber security resilience of these enterprises and their customers.

Article 15.19. Digital Innovation and Emerging Technologies

1. The Parties recognise the increasing social and economic importance of digital innovation and emerging technologies, and the importance of the safe and responsible development and use of emerging technologies to foster public trust.

2. The Parties further recognise that digital innovation and emerging technologies:

(a) have important roles in promoting economic competitiveness and facilitating international trade and investment flows; and

(b) may require coordinated action, including between the Parties, across multiple sectors and trade policy areas to maximise their economic and social benefits, including trade between the Parties. When taking that action, the Parties shall take into consideration relevant international frameworks.

3. Each Party shall endeavour to develop governance and policy frameworks for the trusted, safe, and responsible use of emerging technologies. To this end, in developing those frameworks, the Parties recognise the importance of:

(a) taking into account the principles and guidelines of relevant international bodies, such as the OECD and the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence;

(b) utilising risk-based or outcome-based approaches to regulation that take into account industry-led standards and risk management best practices; and

(c) having regard to the principles of technological interoperability and technological neutrality.

4. The Parties shall cooperate, as appropriate, on matters related to digital innovation and emerging technologies with respect to trade. This may include:

(a) exchanging information, and sharing experiences and best practices on the development and implementation of law and policies, including matters of enforcement and compliance;

(b) cooperating on developments relating to emerging technologies, including ethical use, industry-led standards, and algorithmic transparency, to address issues such as unintended biases and exacerbation of existing divides, by ensuring human diversity is recognised in the development of technologies; and

(c) participating actively in international fora.

Article 15.20. Digital Inclusion

1. The Parties recognise the importance of digital inclusion, that all people and businesses can participate in, contribute to, and benefit from digital trade. To this end, the Parties recognise the importance of expanding and facilitating digital trade opportunities by removing barriers to participation in digital trade, and that this may require tailored approaches, developed in consultation with Maori, enterprises, individuals, and other groups that disproportionately face such barriers.

2. To promote digital inclusion, the Parties shall cooperate on matters relating  to digital inclusion, including participation of Maori, women, persons with disabilities, rural populations, and low socio-economic groups as well as other individuals and groups that disproportionately face barriers to digital trade. This may include:

(a) enhancing cultural and people-to-people links, including for Maori, through promoting business development services;

(b) identifying and addressing barriers to accessing digital trade opportunities;

(c) improving digital skills and access to online business tools; and

(d) sharing methods and procedures for developing datasets and conducting analysis to identify barriers and trends over time in relation to Maori, women, and other groups which face barriers to digital trade to inform the development of digital trade policies, including developing methods for monitoring their participation in digital trade.

3. The Parties recognise the role played by SMEs, including Maori-led and women-led enterprises, in economic growth and job creation, and the need to address the barriers to participation in digital trade for those entities. To this end, the Parties shall:

(a) foster close cooperation on digital trade between SMEs of the Parties;

(b) encourage their participation in platforms that help link them with international suppliers, buyers, and other potential business partners; and

(c) share best practices in improving digital skills and leveraging digital tools and technology to improve access to capital and credit, participation in government procurement opportunities, and other areas that could help SMEs adapt to digital trade.

4. The Parties also recognise the digital divide between developed and developing countries, and the role for digital trade in promoting economic development and poverty reduction. The Parties shall endeavour to undertake and strengthen cooperation, including through existing mechanisms, to promote the participation of developing countries in digital trade. This may include sharing best practices, active engagement in international fora, and promoting developing countries'™participation in, and contribution to, the global development of rules on digital trade, which may include other WTO members as appropriate.

5. The Parties shall also participate actively at the WTO and in other international fora to promote initiatives for advancing digital inclusion in digital trade.

Article 15.21. Cooperation

1. The Parties shall, where appropriate, cooperate and participate actively in international fora, including the WTO, to promote the development of international frameworks for digital trade.

2. In addition to areas of cooperation between the Parties identified in other parts of this Chapter, the Parties shall exchange information on and share experiences and best practices on regulatory matters relating to digital trade.

3. The Parties shall endeavour to cooperate to promote and facilitate collaboration between governmental entities, enterprises, and other non- governmental entities on digital technologies and services, including digital innovation and emerging technologies, in relation to opportunities in trade, investment, and research and development, including in the areas of pandemic preparedness, clean technology, and low emissions technology.

Article 15.22. Review

1. To take into account developments in digital trade, the Parties shall review the operation and implementation of this Chapter and Article 11.7 (Financial Data and Information - Financial Services) within two years of the date of entry into force of this Agreement unless the Parties agree otherwise.

2. In the context of that review, and following the release of the Waitangi Tribunal's Report Wai 2522 dated 19 November 2021, New Zealand:

(a) reaffirms its continued ability to support and promote Maori interests under this Agreement; and

(b) affirms its intention to engage Maori to ensure the review outlined in paragraph 1 takes account of the continued need for New Zealand to support Maori to exercise their rights and interests, and meet its responsibilities under Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles.

Chapter 16. GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT

Article 16.1. Definitions

For the purposes of this Chapter:

"commercial goods or services" means goods or services of a type generally sold or offered for sale in the commercial marketplace to, and customarily purchased by, non-governmental buyers for non-governmental purposes;

"construction service" means a service that has as its objective the realisation by whatever means of civil or building works, based on Division 51 of the United Nations Provisional Central Product Classification (CPC Prov.);

"electronic auction" means an iterative process that involves the use of electronic means for the presentation by suppliers of cither new prices, or new values for quantifiable non-price elements of the tender related to the evaluation criteria, or both, resulting in a ranking or re-ranking of tenders;

"in writing" or "written" means any worded or numbered expression that can be read, reproduced, and later communicated. It may include electronically transmitted and stored information;

"limited tendering" means a procurement method whereby the procuring entity contacts a supplier or suppliers of its choice;

"measure" means any law, regulation, procedure, administrative guidance or practice, or any action of a procuring entity relating to a covered procurement;

"multi-use list" means a list of suppliers that a procuring entity has determined satisfy the conditions for participation in that list, and that the procuring entity intends to use more than once;

  • Chapter   1 INITIAL PROVISIONS AND GENERAL DEFINITIONS 1
  • Article   1.1 Establishment of a Free Trade Area 1
  • Article   1.2 Relation to other Agreements 1
  • Article   1.3 General Definitions 1
  • Chapter   2 NATIONAL TREATMENT AND MARKET ACCESS FOR GOODS 1
  • Article   2.1 Definitions 1
  • Article   2.2 Scope 1
  • Article   2.3 National Treatment 1
  • Article   2.4 Classification of Goods 1
  • Article   2.5 Elimination of Customs Duties 1
  • Article   2.6 Accelerated Tariff Elimination 1
  • Article   2.7 Goods Re-Entered after Repair or Alteration 2
  • Article   2.8 Duty-Free Entry of Commercial Samples of Negligible Value and Printed Advertising Materials 2
  • Article   2.9 Temporary Admission of Goods 2
  • Article   2.10 Import and Export Restrictions 2
  • Article   2.11 Remanufactured Goods 2
  • Article   2.12 Import Licensing Procedures 2
  • Article   2.13 Export Licensing Procedures 2
  • Article   2.14 Administrative Fees and Formalities 2
  • Article   2.15 Export Duties, Taxes, and other Charges 2
  • Article   2.16 Data Sharing on Preference Utilisation 2
  • Article   2.17 Trade In Goods Sub-Committee 2
  • Article   2.18 Consultations 2
  • Chapter   3 RULES OF ORIGIN AND ORIGIN PROCEDURES 2
  • Section   A Definitions and General Provisions 2
  • Article   3.1 Definitions 2
  • Article   3.2 Origin Criteria 2
  • Article   3.3 Wholly Obtained Goods. 2
  • Article   3.4 Regional Value Content 2
  • Article   3.4 Regional Value Content 3
  • Article   3.5 Materials Used In Production 3
  • Article   3.6 Value of Materials Used In Production 3
  • Article   3.7 Further Adjustments to the Value of Materials 3
  • Article   3.8 Cumulation 3
  • Article   3.9 Tolerance 3
  • Article   3.10 Non-Alteration 3
  • Article   3.11 Treatment of Indirect Materials 3
  • Article   3.12 Accessories, Spare Parts, Information Materials, and Tools 3
  • Article   3.13 Sets of Goods 3
  • Article   3.14 Treatment of Packaging Materials and Packing Materials 3
  • Article   3.15 Recovered Materials and Remanufactured Goods 3
  • Article   3.16 Fungible Goods and Materials 3
  • Article   3.17 Rules of Origin and Customs and Trade Facilitation Working Group 3
  • Section   B Origin Procedures 3
  • Article   3.18 Claims for Preferential Treatment 3
  • Article   3.19 Origin Declaration 3
  • Article   3.20 Waiver of Origin Documentation 3
  • Article   3.21 Delayed Claims for Preferential Treatment 3
  • Article   3.22 Incorrect Claims for Preferential Treatment 3
  • Article   3.23 Minor Errors and Discrepancies 3
  • Article   3.24 Penalties 3
  • Article   3.25 Record Keeping Requirements 3
  • Article   3.26 Verification of Origin 3
  • Article   3.27 Confidentiality 4
  • Article   3.28 Documentation Issued In a Non-Party 4
  • Article   3.29 Transitional Provisions for Goods In Transit 4
  • Chapter   4 CUSTOMS PROCEDURES AND TRADE FACILITATION 4
  • Article   4.1 Definitions 4
  • Article   4.2 Scope 4
  • Article   4.3 Customs Procedures and Trade Facilitation 4
  • Article   4.4 Customs Cooperation 4
  • Article   4.5 Transparency and Publication 4
  • Article   4.6 Data and Documentation 4
  • Article   4.7 Simplified Customs Procedures 4
  • Article   4.8 Expedited Shipments 4
  • Article   4.10 Perishable Goods 4
  • Article   4.11 Risk Management 4
  • Article   4.12 Advance Rulings 4
  • Article   4.10 Perishable Goods 5
  • Article   4.11 Risk Management 5
  • Article   4.12 Advance Rulings 5
  • Article   4.13 Customs Valuation 5
  • Article   4.14 Single Window  (4) 5
  • Article   4.15 Authorised Economic Operator  (5) 5
  • Article   4.16 Customs Brokers 5
  • Article   4.17 Review and Appeal 5
  • Article   4.18 Penalties 5
  • Article   4.19 Transit and Transportation 5
  • Article   4.20 Post Clearance Audit. 5
  • Article   4.21 Confidentiality 5
  • Article   4.22 Rules of Origin and Customs and Trade Facilitation Working Group 5
  • Chapter   5 SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES 5
  • Article   5.1 Definitions. 5
  • Article   5.2 Scope 5
  • Article   5.3 Objectives 5
  • Article   5.4 Affirmation of the SPS Agreement 5
  • Article   5.5 Competent Authorities and Contact Points 5
  • Article   5.6 Equivalence 5
  • Article   5.7 Recognition of Pest Freedom 5
  • Article   5.8 Risk Analysis 5
  • Article   5.9 Audit  (2) 5
  • Article   5.10 Trade Conditions 6
  • Article   5.11 Emergency Measures 6
  • Article   5.12 Import Checks and Fees 6
  • Article   5.13 Official Certification 6
  • Article   5.14 Cooperation on Antimicrobial Resistance 6
  • Article   5.15 Transparency, Notification, and Information Exchange 6
  • Article   5.16 Technical Working Groups 6
  • Article   5.17 Technical Consultations 6
  • Article   5.18 Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Sub-Committee 6
  • Article   5.19 Dispute Settlement 6
  • Chapter   6 ANIMAL WELFARE 6
  • Article   6.1 Objectives 6
  • Article   6.2 General Provisions 6
  • Article   6.3 Right to Regulate and Improvement of Farmed Animal Welfare 6
  • Article   6.4 Cooperation 6
  • Article   6.5 Animal Welfare Working Group 7
  • Article   6.6 Dispute Settlement 7
  • Chapter   7 TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE 7
  • Section   A General Provisions 7
  • Article   7.1 Definitions 7
  • Article   7.2 Objectives 7
  • Article   7.3 Scope 7
  • Article   7.4 Incorporation of Certain Provisions of the TBT Agreement 7
  • Article   7.5 Cooperation 7
  • Article   7.6 International Standards, Guides, and Recommendations 7
  • Article   7.7 Equivalency of Technical Regulation 7
  • Article   7.8 Conformity Assessment 7
  • Article   7.9 Transparency 7
  • Article   7.10 Contact Points 7
  • Article   7.11 Technical Discussions 7
  • Article   7.12 Annexes and Implementing Arrangements 7
  • Article   7.13 Market Surveillance 7
  • Article   7.14 Marking and Labelling 7
  • Section   B Sector-Specific Provisions 7
  • Article   7.15 Cosmetic Products 7
  • Article   7.16 Medicinal Products 7
  • Article   7.17 Medical Devices 7
  • Chapter   8 TRADE REMEDIES 8
  • Section   A General Provisions 8
  • Article   8.1 Definitions 8
  • Article   8.2 Dispute Settlement 8
  • Section   B Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duties 8
  • Article   8.3 General Provisions 8
  • Article   8.4 Transparency 8
  • Article   8.5 Lesser Duty 8
  • Article   8.6 Public Interest 8
  • Section   C Global Safeguards 8
  • Article   8.7 General Provisions 8
  • Article   8.8 Transparency 8
  • Section   D Bilateral Safeguards 8
  • Article   8.9 Adoption of Bilateral Safeguard 8
  • Article   8.10 Duration and Scope 8
  • Article   8.11 Investigation Procedure 8
  • Article   8.12 Notification and Consultation 8
  • Article   8.13 Provisional Adoption of Bilateral Safeguard 8
  • Article   8.14 Compensation 8
  • Article   8.15 Non-Cumulation 8
  • Chapter   9 CROSS-BORDER TRADE IN SERVICES 8
  • Article   9.1 Definitions 8
  • Article   9.2 Objectives. 8
  • Article   9.3 Scope 8
  • Article   9.4 Market Access 8
  • Article   9.5 National Treatment 9
  • Article   9.6 Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment 9
  • Article   9.7 Local Presence 9
  • Article   9.8 Non-Conforming Measures 9
  • Article   9.9 Payments and Transfers 9
  • Article   9.10 Subsidies 9
  • Article   9.11 Denial of Benefits 9
  • Article   9.12 Recognition 9
  • Article   9.13 Development Cooperation 9
  • Article   9.14 Services and Investment Sub-Committee 9
  • Chapter   10 DOMESTIC REGULATION 9
  • Article   10.1 Definitions 9
  • Article   10.2 Scope 9
  • Article   10.3 Administration of Measures of General Application 9
  • Article   10.4 Development of Measures 9
  • Article   10.5 Submission of Applications 9
  • Article   10.6 Application Timeframes 9
  • Article   10.7 Electronic Applications and Acceptance of Copies 9
  • Article   10.8 Processing of Applications 9
  • Article   10.9 Fees 9
  • Article   10.10 Examinations 9
  • Article   10.11 Objectivity, Impartiality, and Independence 9
  • Article   10.12 Publication and Information Available 9
  • Article   10.13 Review Procedures for Administrative Decisions 10
  • Article   10.14 Technical Standards 10
  • Article   10.15 Limited Number of Licences 10
  • Article   10.16 Opportunity to Comment Before Entry Into Force 10
  • Article   10.17 Enquiry Points 10
  • Chapter   11 FINANCIAL SERVICES 10
  • Article   11.1 Definitions 10
  • Article   11.2 Scope 10
  • Article   11.3 Specific Exceptions 10
  • Article   11.4 Prudential Exception 10
  • Article   11.5 National Treatment 10
  • Article   11.6 Market Access 10
  • Article   11.7 Financial Data and Information  (4) 10
  • Article   11.8 Payment and Clearing 10
  • Article   11.9 Self-Regulatory Organisations 10
  • Article   11.10 Senior Management and Boards of Directors 10
  • Article   11.11 Transparency 10
  • Article   11.12 Financial Services New to the Territory of a Party 11
  • Article   11.13 Diversity In Finance 11
  • Article   11.14 Sustainable Finance 11
  • Article   11.15 Financial Services Dispute Settlement 11
  • Article   11.16 Institutional 11
  • Article   11.17 Consultation 11
  • Article   11.18 Recognition of Prudential Measures 11
  • Article   11.19 Non-Conforming Measures 11
  • Article   11.20 Provision of Back-Office Functions 11
  • Chapter   12 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 11
  • Article   12.1 Definitions 11
  • Article   12.2 Objectives 11
  • Article   12.3 Scope 11
  • Article   12.4 Approaches to Regulation 12
  • Article   12.5 Access and Use 12
  • Article   12.6 Access to Essential Facilities 12
  • Article   12.7 Interconnection 12
  • Article   12.8 Interconnection with Major Suppliers 12
  • Article   12.9 Number Portability 12
  • Article   12.10 Scarce Resources 12
  • Article   12.11 Competitive Safeguards on Major Suppliers 12
  • Article   12.12 Treatment by Major Suppliers 12
  • Article   12.13 Regulatory Principles 12
  • Article   12.14 Authorisation  (4) 12
  • Article   12.15 Transparency 12
  • Article   12.16 Universal Service Obligation 12
  • Article   12.17 International Mobile Roaming Services 12
  • Article   12.18 Dispute Resolution 12
  • Article   12.19 Confidentiality 12
  • Article   12.20 Flexibility In the Choice of Technology 12
  • Article   12.21 Cooperation 12
  • Chapter   13 TEMPORARY ENTRY OF BUSINESS PERSONS 12
  • Article   13.1 Definitions 12
  • Article   13.2 Objectives 12
  • Article   13.3 Scope 12
  • Article   13.4 Application Procedures 12
  • Article   13.5 Grant of Temporary Entry 13
  • Article   13.6 Provision of Information 13
  • Article   13.7 Institutional Arrangements 13
  • Article   13.8 Relation to other Chapters 13
  • Article   13.9 Dispute Settlement 13
  • Article   13.10 Cooperation on Return and Readmissions 13
  • Chapter   14 INVESTMENT 13
  • Article   14.1 Objectives 13
  • Article   14.2 Definitions 13
  • Article   14.3 Scope 13
  • Article   14.4 Relation to other Chapters 13
  • Article   14.5 Market Access 13
  • Article   14.6 National Treatment 13
  • Article   14.7 Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment 13
  • Article   14.8 Performance Requirements 13
  • Article   14.9 Senior Management and Boards of Directors 13
  • Article   14.10 Non-Conforming Measures 13
  • Article   14.11 Minimum Standard of Treatment  (14) 14
  • Article   14.12 Treatment In Case of Armed Conflict or Civil Strife 14
  • Article   14.13 Transfers 14
  • Article   14.14 Expropriation and Compensation  (15) 14
  • Article   14.15 Subrogation 14
  • Article   14.16 Special Formalities and Disclosure of Information 14
  • Article   14.17 Denial of Benefits 14
  • Article   14.18 Investment and Environmental, Health, and other Regulatory Objectives 14
  • Article   14.19 Corporate Social Responsibility 14
  • Annex 14A  CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 14
  • Annex 14 B  EXPROPRIATION 14
  • Chapter   15 DIGITAL TRADE 14
  • Article   15.1 Definitions 14
  • Article   15.2 Objectives 14
  • Article   15.3 Scope and General Provisions 14
  • Article   15.4 Customs Duties 14
  • Article   15.5 Conclusion of Contracts by Electronic Means 14
  • Article   15.6 Domestic Electronic Transactions Framework 15
  • Article   15.7 Electronic Authentication 15
  • Article   15.8 Digital Identities 15
  • Article   15.9 Electronic Invoicing 15
  • Article   15.10 Paperless Trading 15
  • Article   15.11 Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Messages 15
  • Article   15.12 Commercial Information and Communication Technology Products That UseCryptography 15
  • Article   15.13 Personal Information Protection 15
  • Article   15.14 Cross-Border Transfer of Information by Electronic Means 15
  • Article   15.15 Location of Computing Facilities 15
  • Article   15.16 Open Internet Access 15
  • Article   15.17 Open Government Data 15
  • Article   15.18 Cooperation on Cyber Security Matters 15
  • Article   15.19 Digital Innovation and Emerging Technologies 15
  • Article   15.20 Digital Inclusion 15
  • Article   15.21 Cooperation 15
  • Article   15.22 Review 15
  • Chapter   16 GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT 15
  • Article   16.1 Definitions 15
  • Article   16.2 Scope 16
  • Article   16.3 General Exceptions 16
  • Article   16.4 General Principles 16
  • Article   16.5 Information on the Procurement System 16
  • Article   16.6 Notices 16
  • Article   16.7 Conditions for Participation 16
  • Article   16.8 Qualification of Suppliers 16
  • Article   16.9 Technical Specifications and Tender DocumentationTechnical Specifications 17
  • Article   16.10 Environmental, Social, and Labour Considerations 17
  • Article   16.11 Facilitation of Participation by SMEs 17
  • Article   16.12 Time Periods 17
  • Article   16.13 Negotiation 17
  • Article   16.14 Limited Tendering 17
  • Article   16.15 Electronic Auctions 17
  • Article   16.16 Treatment of Tenders and Awarding of Contracts 17
  • Article   16.17 Transparency of Procurement Information 17
  • Article   16.18 Ensuring Integrity In Procurement Practices 18
  • Article   16.19 Disclosure of Information 18
  • Article   16.20 Domestic Review Procedures 18
  • Article   16.21 Modifications and Rectifications of Annex 18
  • Article   16.22 Government Procurement Working Group 18
  • Article   16.23 Further Negotiations 18
  • Chapter   17 Intellectual Property 18
  • Section   A General Provisions 18
  • Article   17.1 Definitions 18
  • Article   17.2 Objectives 18
  • Article   17.3 Principles 18
  • Article   17.4 Understandings In Respect of this Chapter 18
  • Article   17.5 Nature and Scope of Obligations 18
  • Article   17.6 Understandings Regarding Certain Public Health Measures 18
  • Article   17.7 National Treatment 18
  • Article   17.8 International Agreements 18
  • Article   17.9 Transparency 19
  • Article   17.10 Application of Chapter to Existing Subject Matter and Prior Acts 19
  • Article   17.11 Exhaustion of Intellectual Property Rights 19
  • Section   B Cooperation 19
  • Article   17.12 Contact Points 19
  • Article   17.13 Cooperation and Dialogue 19
  • Article   17.14 Intellectual Property Working Group 19
  • Article   17.15 Patent Cooperation and Work Sharing 19
  • Article   17.16 Cooperation on Request 19
  • Section   C Intellectual Property and Issues Related to Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, and Traditional Cultural Expressions 19
  • Article   17.17 Cooperation 19
  • Article   17.18 Patent Examination and Traditional Knowledge Associated with Genetic Resources 19
  • Article   17.19 WIPO Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore 19
  • Article   17.20 Section Review 19
  • Section   D Trade Marks 19
  • Article   17.21 Types of Signs Registrable as Trade Marks 19
  • Article   17.22 Rights Conferred 19
  • Article   17.23 Exceptions 19
  • Article   17.24 Well-Known Trade Marks 19
  • Article   17.25 Procedural Aspects of Examination, Opposition, and Cancellation 19
  • Article   17.26 Bad Faith Applications 19
  • Article   17.27 Electronic Trade Marks Systems 19
  • Article   17.28 Term of Protection for Trade Marks 19
  • Article   17.29 Efforts Toward the Harmonisation of Trade Mark Systems 19
  • Article   17.30 Domain Names 19
  • Article   17.28 Term of Protection for Trade Marks 19
  • Article   17.29 Efforts Toward the Harmonisation of Trade Mark Systems 19
  • Article   17.30 Domain Names 19
  • Section   E Geographical Indications 19
  • Article   17.31 Scope of Application of this Section 19
  • Article   17.32 Recognition and Protection of Geographical Indications 19
  • Article   17.33 Consultations on Recognition and Protection of Geographical Indications 19
  • Article   17.34 Alternative Review of this Section 20
  • Article   17.35 Lists of Geographical Indications 20
  • Section   F Registered Designs 20
  • Article   17.36 Protection of Registered Designs 20
  • Article   17.37 Duration of Protection 20
  • Article   17.38 Electronic Industrial Design System 20
  • Article   17.39 Relationship to Copyright 20
  • Article   17.40 International Registration of Industrial Designs 20
  • Section   G Copyright and Related Rights 20
  • Article   17.41 Authors 20
  • Article   17.42 Performers 20
  • Article   17.43 Producers of Phonograms 20
  • Article   17.44 Broadcasting Organisations 20
  • Article   17.45 Broadcasting and Communication to the Public of Phonograms Published for Commercial Purposes  (16) 20
  • Article   17.46 Artist's Resale Right 20
  • Article   17.47 Limitations and Exceptions 20
  • Article   17.48 Term of Protection 20
  • Article   17.49 Collective Management Organisations 20
  • Article   17.50 Technological Protection Measures 20
  • Article   17.51 Rights Management Information 20
  • Section   H Patents 20
  • Article   17.52 Rights Conferred 20
  • Article   17.53 Patentable Subject Matter 20
  • Article   17.54 Exceptions 20
  • Article   17.55 Regulatory Review Exception 20
  • Article   17.56 Other Use without Authorisation of the Right Holder 20
  • Article   17.57 Amendments, Corrections, and Observations 20
  • Article   17.58 Publication of Patent Applications 20
  • Article   17.59 Information Relating to Published Patent Applications and Granted Patents 20
  • Article   17.60 Conditions on Patent Applicants 20
  • Section   I Undisclosed Test or other Data 20
  • Article   17.61 Protection of Undisclosed Test or other Data for Agricultural Chemical Products 20
  • Article   17.62 Protection of Undisclosed Test or other Data for Pharmaceutical Products 21
  • Section   J Trade Secrets 21
  • Article   17.63 Trade Secrets 21
  • Section   K Enforcement 21
  • Subsection   K.1 Enforcement - General Obligations 21
  • Article   17.64 General Obligations 21
  • Subsection   K.2 Enforcement - Civil Remedies 21
  • Article   17.65 Entitled Applicants 21
  • Article   17.66 Provisional Measures for Preserving Evidence 21
  • Article   17.67 Provisional and Precautionary Measures 21
  • Article   17.68 Safeguards 21
  • Article   17.69 Right to Information 21
  • Article   17.70 Injunctions 21
  • Article   17.71 Corrective Measures 21
  • Article   17.72 Damages 21
  • Article   17.73 Costs 21
  • Subsection   K.3 Enforcement - Border Measures 21
  • Article   17.74 Border Measures 21
  • Subsection   K.4 Enforcement - Criminal Remedies 21
  • Article   17.75 Criminal Offences 21
  • Article   17.76 Penalties 21
  • Article   17.77 Seizure, Forfeiture, and Destruction 21
  • Article   17.78 Ex Officio Enforcement 22
  • Article   17.79 Liability of Legal Persons 22
  • Subsection   K.5 Enforcement In the Digital Environment 22
  • Article   17.80 General Obligations on Enforcement In the Digital Environment 22
  • Article   17.81 Limitations on Liability of Online Service Providers 22
  • Article   17.82 Blocking Orders 22
  • Article   17.83 Procedures for Domain Registries 22
  • Article   17.84 Disclosure of Information 22
  • Subsection   K.6 Enforcement Practices with Respect to Intellectual Property Rights 22
  • Article   17.85 Transparency of Judicial Decisions and Administrative Rulings 22
  • Article   17.86 Voluntary Stakeholder Initiatives 22
  • Article   17.87 Public Awareness 22
  • Article   17.88 Specialised Enforcement Expertise, Information and Domestic Coordination 22
  • Article   17.89 Environmental Considerations In Destruction and Disposal of Infringing Goods 22
  • Chapter   18 COMPETITION 22
  • Article   18.1 Objectives 22
  • Article   18.2 Competition Law and Authorities 22
  • Article   18.3 Procedural Fairness 22
  • Article   18.4 Private Rights of Action 22
  • Article   18.5 Cooperation 22
  • Article   18.6 Transparency 22
  • Article   18.7 Consultation 22
  • Article   18.8 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 22
  • Chapter   19 STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES AND DESIGNATED MONOPOLIES 22
  • Article   19.1 Definitions 22
  • Article   19.2 Scope  (8) 22
  • Article   19.3 Delegated Authority 23
  • Article   19.4 Non-Discriminatory Treatment and Commercial Considerations 23
  • Article   19.5 Legal and Regulatory Framework 23
  • Article   19.6 Non-Commercial Assistance 23
  • Article   19.7 Adverse Effects 23
  • Article   19.8 Injury 23
  • Article   19.9 Transparency 23
  • Article   19.10 Technical Cooperation 23
  • Article   19.11 Contact Points 23
  • Article   19.12 Exceptions 23
  • Article   19.13 Process for Developing Information 24
  • Chapter   20 CONSUMER PROTECTION 24
  • Article   20.1 Objectives 24
  • Article   20.2 Consumer Protection Law 24
  • Article   20.3 Online Consumer Protection 24
  • Article   20.4 Transparency 24
  • Article   20.5 Consumer Redress In Cross-Border Transactions 24
  • Article   20.6 Cooperation 24
  • Article   20.7 Consultations 24
  • Chapter   21 GOOD REGULATORY PRACTICE AND REGULATORY COOPERATION 24
  • Article   21.1 Definitions 24
  • Article   21.2 General Principles 24
  • Article   21.3 Internal Coordination Processes and Mechanisms 24
  • Article   21.4 Public Consultation 24
  • Article   21.5 Impact Assessment 24
  • Article   21.6 Access to Regulatory Measures 24
  • Article   21.7 Periodic Review of Measures 24
  • Article   21.8 Cooperation General Provisions 24
  • Article   21.9 Cooperation on Good Regulatory Practice 24
  • Article   21.10 Contact Points on Good Regulatory Practice 24
  • Article   21.11 General Principles on Regulatory Cooperation 24
  • Article   21.12 Regulatory Cooperation Activities 25
  • Article   21.13 Contact Points on Regulatory Cooperation 25
  • Article   21.14 Relation to other Chapters 25
  • Article   21.15 Dispute Settlement 25
  • Chapter   22 ENVIRONMENT 25
  • Article   22.1 Definitions 25
  • Article   22.2 Maori Environmental Concepts 25
  • Article   22.3 Context and Objectives 25
  • Article   22.4 General Commitments 25
  • Article   22.5 Multilateral Environmental Agreements 25
  • Article   22.6 Climate Change 25
  • Article   22.7 Environmental Goods and Services 25
  • Article   22.8 Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform and Transition to Clean Energy 25
  • Article   22.9 Marine Capture Fisheries (4) 25
  • Article   22.10 Sustainable Agriculture 26
  • Article   22.11 Sustainable Forest Management 26
  • Article   22.12 Conservation of Biological Diversity 26
  • Article   22.13 Resource Efficient and Circular Economy 26
  • Article   22.14 Ozone Depleting Substances and Hydrofluorocarbons 26
  • Article   22.15 Air Quality 26
  • Article   22.16 Protection of the Marine Environment from Ship Pollution and Marine Litter 26
  • Article   22.17 Voluntary Mechanisms to Enhance Environmental Performance 26
  • Article   22.18 Responsible Business Conduct and Corporate Social Responsibility 26
  • Article   22.19 Cooperation 26
  • Article   22.20 Institutional Arrangements 27
  • Article   22.21 Public Submissions 27
  • Article   22.22 Independent Advisory Groups 27
  • Article   22.23 Environment Consultations 27
  • Article   22.24 Joint Committee Consultations 27
  • Article   22.25 Ministerial Consultations 27
  • Article   22.26 Dispute Resolution 27
  • Chapter   23 TRADE AND LABOUR 27
  • Article   23.1 Definitions 27
  • Article   23.2 Objective 27
  • Article   23.3 Statement of Shared Commitment 27
  • Article   23.4 Right to Regulate and Levels of Protection 27
  • Article   23.5 Labour Rights  (1) 27
  • Article   23.6 Trade and Labour 27
  • Article   23.7 Decent Work 27
  • Article   23.8 Non-Discrimination and Gender Equality In the Workplace 27
  • Article   23.9 Modern Slavery 27
  • Article   23.10 Corporate Social Responsibility and Responsible Business Conduct 27
  • Article   23.11 Labour Cooperation 27
  • Article   23.12 Public Awareness 27
  • Article   23.13 Procedural Guarantees 27
  • Article   23.14 Advisory Groups 27
  • Article   23.15 Public Submissions 27
  • Article   23.16 Contact Points 28
  • Article   23.17 Labour Sub-Committee 28
  • Article   23.18 Labour Consultations 28
  • Article   23.19 Joint Committee Consultations 28
  • Article   23.20 Ministerial Consultations 28
  • Article   23.21 Consultation Procedure 28
  • Article   23.22 Dispute Settlement 28
  • Chapter   24 SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES 28
  • Article   24.1 General Principles 28
  • Article   24.2 Information Sharing 28
  • Article   24.3 Cooperation to Increase Trade and Investment Opportunities for SMEs 28
  • Article   24.4 Cooperation on Implementation of this Agreement 28
  • Article   24.5 SME Contact Points 28
  • Article   24.6 Obligations In the Agreement That Benefit SMEs 28
  • Article   24.7 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 28
  • Chapter   25 TRADE AND GENDER EQUALITY 28
  • Article   25.1 Maori Terminology 28
  • Article   25.2 Objectives 28
  • Article   25.3 General Commitments 28
  • Article   25.4 International Instruments 28
  • Article   25.5 Cooperation 28
  • Article   25.6 Inclusive Trade Sub-Committee 29
  • Article   25.7 Contact Points 29
  • Article   25.8 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 29
  • Chapter   26 MAORI TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION 29
  • Article   26.1 Maori Terminology 29
  • Article   26.2 Context and Purpose 29
  • Article   26.3 International Instruments 29
  • Article   26.4 Provisions Across the Agreement Benefitting Maori 29
  • Article   26.5 Cooperation Activities 29
  • Article   26.6 Recognition of Haka Ka Mate 29
  • Article   26.7 Inclusive Trade Sub-Committee 29
  • Article   26.8 Non-Application of Dispute Settlement 29
  • Chapter   27 TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT 29
  • Article   27.1 General Provisions 29
  • Article   27.2 Cooperation 29
  • Article   27.3 Inclusive Trade Sub-Committee 29
  • Article   27.4 Contact Points 29
  • Article   27.5 Dispute Settlement 29
  • Chapter   28 ANTI-CORRUPTION 29
  • Article   28.1 Definitions 29
  • Article   28.2 Scope 29
  • Article   28.3 Measures to Prevent and Combat Bribery and Corruption 29
  • Article   28.4 Persons That Report Bribery or Corruption Offences 30
  • Article   28.5 Promoting Integrity Among Public Officials 30
  • Article   28.6 Participation of Private Sector and Civil Society 30
  • Article   28.7 Application and Enforcement of Measures to Prevent and Combat Bribery and Corruption 30
  • Article   28.8 Relation to other Agreements 30
  • Article   28.9 Cooperation, Consultation, and Dispute Settlement 30
  • Chapter   29 TRANSPARENCY 30
  • Article   29.1 DefinitionsFor the Purposes of this Chapter: 30
  • Article   29.2 Publication 30
  • Article   29.3 Administrative Proceedings 30
  • Article   29.4 Review and Appeal  (1) 30
  • Article   29.5 Provision of Information 30
  • Article   29.6 Accessible and Open Government 30
  • Chapter   30 INSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS 30
  • Article   30.1 Establishment of the Joint Committee 30
  • Article   30.2 Functions of the Joint Committee 30
  • Article   30.3 General Review 30
  • Article   30.5 Contact Points 30
  • Article   30.6 Exchange of Information 30
  • Article   30.7 Domestic Engagement 30
  • Article   30.8 Inclusive Trade Sub-Committee 30
  • Article   30.9 Sub-Committees 31
  • Article   30.10 Working Groups 31
  • Chapter   31 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 31
  • Article   31.1 Definitions 31
  • Article   31.2 Objective 31
  • Article   31.3 Cooperation 31
  • Article   31.4 Scope 31
  • Article   31.5 Consultations 31
  • Article   31.6 Establishment of a Panel 31
  • Article   31.7 Composition of a Panel 31
  • Article   31.8 Qualifications of ArbitratorsAll Arbitrators Shall: 31
  • Article   31.9 Functions of a Panel 31
  • Article   31.10 Terms of Reference of a Panel 31
  • Article   31.11 Rules of Interpretation of a Panel 31
  • Article   31.12 Reports of a Panel 31
  • Article   31.13 Compliance with the Final Report 31
  • Article   31.14 Compliance Review 32
  • Article   31.15 Temporary Remedies In Case of Non-Compliance 32
  • Article   31.16 Compliance Review after the Adoption of Temporary Remedies 32
  • Article   31.17 Administration of the Dispute Settlement Procedure 32
  • Article   31.18 Choice of Forum 32
  • Article   31.19 Cases of Urgency 32
  • Article   31.20 Good Offices, Conciliation, and Mediation 32
  • Article   31.21 Mutually Agreed Solution 32
  • Article   31.22 Suspension and Termination of Proceedings 32
  • Article   31.23 Rules of Procedure and Code of Conduct 32
  • Article   31.24 Time Periods 32
  • Article   31.25 Expenses 32
  • Annex 31 A  RULES OF PROCEDURE 32
  • Appendix 31 A-a  CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 33
  • Appendix 31 A-b  DECLARATION OF NON-DISCLOSURE 33
  • Annex 31 B  CODE OF CONDUCT 33
  • Section   A Provision of Code of Conduct 33
  • Section   B Governing Principles 33
  • Section   C Disclosure Obligations 33
  • Section   D Performance of Duties 33
  • Section   E Independence and Impartiality of Arbitrators 33
  • Section   F Duties of Former Arbitrators 33
  • Section   G Maintenance of Confidentiality 33
  • Section   H Responsibilities of Experts, Assistants, Staff, and ADR Providers 33
  • Appendix 31 B-a  INITIAL DISCLOSURE STATEMENT 33
  • Chapter   32 GENERAL EXCEPTIONS AND GENERAL PROVISIONS 33
  • Article   32.1 General Exceptions 33
  • Article   32.2 Security Exceptions 33
  • Article   32.3 Measures to Safeguard the Balance of Payments 33
  • Article   32.4 Taxation Measures 33
  • Article   32.5 Treaty of Waitangi 34
  • Article   32.6 The National Health Service of the United Kingdom and the New Zealand Health and Disability System 34
  • Article   32.7 Disclosure of Information 34
  • Article   32.8 Confidentiality 34
  • Chapter   33 FINAL PROVISIONS 34
  • Article   33.1 Annexes, Appendices, and Footnotes 34
  • Article   33.2 Amended or Successor International Agreements 34
  • Article   33.3 Amendments 34
  • Article   33.4 Termination 34
  • Article   33.5 Laws and Regulations and Their Amendments 34
  • Article   33.6 Territorial Extension 34
  • Article   33.7 Territorial Disapplication 34
  • Article   33.8 Entry Into Force 34
  • Annex I  CROSS-BORDER TRADE IN SERVICES AND INVESTMENT. NON-CONFORMING MEASURES 34
  • Annex I  Schedule of New Zealand 34
  • Annex I  Schedule of the United Kingdom 35
  • Annex II  CROSS-BORDER TRADE IN SERVICES AND INVESTMENT. NON-CONFORMING MEASURES 35
  • Annex II  Schedule of New Zealand 36
  • Annex II  Schedule of the United Kingdom 39