(b) a measure to the extent that such measure is not subject to Article 8.4 (National Treatment) or Article 8.6 (Market Access) by reason of a Party's commitments made in accordance with either Article 8.8 (Schedules of Specific Commitments) or Article 8.9 (Schedules of Non-Conforming Measures).
Article 8.15. Recognition
1. For the purposes of the fulfilment, in whole or in part, of its standards or criteria for the authorisation, licensing, or certification of service suppliers, and subject to the requirements of paragraph 4 a Party may recognise the education or experience obtained, requirements met, or licences or certifications granted in a non-Party. Such recognition, which may be achieved through harmonisation or otherwise, may be based upon an agreement or arrangement with the non-Party concerned, or may be accorded autonomously.
2. If a Party recognises, autonomously or by agreement or arrangement, the education or experience obtained, requirements met, or licences or certifications granted, in the territory of a non-Party, nothing in Article 8.5 (Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment) shall be construed to require the Party to accord recognition to the education or experience obtained, requirements met, or licences or certifications granted, in the territory of the other Party.
3. A Party that is party to an agreement or arrangement of the type referred to in paragraph 1, whether existing or future, shall afford adequate opportunity for the other Party, upon request, to negotiate its accession to such an agreement or arrangement, or to negotiate comparable ones with it. Where a Party accords recognition autonomously, it shall afford adequate opportunity for the other Party to demonstrate that education, experience, licences, or certifications obtained or requirements met in that other Party's territory should be recognised.
4. A Party shall not accord recognition in a manner which would constitute a means of discrimination between the other Party and non-Parties in the application of its standards or criteria for the authorisation, licensing, or certification of service suppliers, or a disguised restriction on trade in services.
5. Where appropriate, recognition should be based on multilaterally agreed criteria. In appropriate cases, Parties shall work in cooperation with relevant inter-governmental and non- governmental organisations towards the establishment and adoption of common intemational standards and criteria for recognition and common international standards for the practice of relevant services trades and professions.
6. As set out in Annex 8C (Professional Services), each Party shall endeavour to facilitate trade in professional services, including through encouraging relevant bodies in its territory to enter into negotiations for agreements or arrangements on recognition.
Article 8.16. Monopolies and Exclusive Service Suppliers
1. Each Party shall ensure that any monopoly supplier of a service in its territory does not, in the supply of the monopoly service in the relevant market, act in a manner inconsistent with that Party's obligations under Article 8.4 (National Treatment) and Article 8.6 (Market Access).
2. Where a Party's monopoly supplier of a service competes, either directly or through an affiliated company, in the supply of a service outside the scope of its monopoly rights and which is subject to that Party's commitments, that Party shall ensure that such a supplier does not abuse its monopoly position to act in its territory in a manner inconsistent with such commitments.
3. lf a Party has a reason to believe that a monopoly supplier of a service of the other Party is acting in a manner inconsistent with paragraph 1 or 2, it may request that Party establishing, maintaining, or authorising such a supplier to provide specific information concerning the relevant operations.
4. This Article shall also apply to cases of exclusive service suppliers, where a Party, formally or in effect:
(a) authorises or establishes a small number of service suppliers; and
(b) substantially prevents competition among those suppliers in its territory.
Article 8.17. Disclosure of Confidential Information
Nothing in this Chapter shall be construed as requiring a Party to provide to the other Party confidential information the disclosure of which would impede law enforcement or otherwise be contrary to the public interest or which would prejudice the legitimate commercial interests of particular juridical persons, public or private.
Article 8.18. Business Practices
1. The Parties recognise that certain business practices of service suppliers, other than those falling under Article 8.16 (Monopolies and Exclusive Service Suppliers), may restrain competition and thereby restrict trade in services.
2. Each Party shall, on request of the other Party, enter into consultations with a view to eliminating practices referred to in paragraph 1. The requested Party shall accord full and sympathetic consideration to such a request and shall cooperate through the supply of publicly available non-confidential information of relevance to the matter in question. The requested Party may also provide other information available to the requesting Party, subject to its laws and regulations and to the conclusion of a satisfactory agreement concerning the safeguarding of its confidentiality by the requesting Party.
Article 8.19. Payments and Transfers
1. Except under the circumstances envisaged in Article 11.4 (Measures to Safeguard the Balance of Payments - General Exceptions and Provisions), a Party shall not apply restrictions on international transfers or payments for current transactions relating to its commitments.
2. Nothing in this Chapter shall affect the rights and obligations of a Party as a member of the International Monetary Fund ("IMF") under the IMF Articles of Agreement, as may be amended, including the use of exchange actions which are in conformity with the IMF Articles of Agreement, as may be amended, provided that the Party shall not impose restrictions on any capital transaction inconsistently with its commitments under this Chapter regarding such transactions, except under Article 11.4 (Measures to Safeguard the Balance of Payments - General Exceptions and Provisions) or on request of the IMF.
Article 8.20. Denial of Benefits
1. A Party may deny the benefits of this Chapter:
(a) to the supply of any service, if it establishes that the service is supplied from or in the territory of a non-Party;
(b) to a service supplier that is a juridical person, if it establishes that it is not a service supplier of the other Party;
(c) in the case of the supply of a maritime transport service, if it establishes that the service is supplied:
(i) by a vessel registered under the laws and regulations of a non- Party; and
(ii) by a person of a non-Party which operates or uses the vessel in whole or in part.
2. A Party may deny the benefit of this Chapter to a service supplier of the other Party, if the service supplier is a juridical person owned or controlled by persons of a non-Party, and the denying Party adopts or maintains measures with respect to the non-Party or a person of the non-Party that prohibit transactions with the juridical person or that would be violated or circumvented if the benefits of this Chapter were accorded to the juridical person.
Article 8.21. Safeguard Measures
1. The Parties note the multilateral negotiations pursuant to Article X of GATS on the question of emergency safeguard measures based on the principle of non-discrimination. The Parties shall review the incorporation of safeguard measures pending any further developments in the multilateral fora pursuant to Article X of GATS.
2. In the event that a Party encounters difficulties in the implementation of its commitments under this Chapter, that Party may request consultations with the other Party to address such difficulties.
Article 8.22. Subsidies
1. Notwithstanding subparagraph 3(b) of Article 8.2 (Scope), the Parties shall review the issue of disciplines on subsidies related to trade in services in light of any disciplines agreed under Article XV of GATS with a view to their incorporation into this Chapter.
2. A Party which considers that it is adversely affected by a subsidy of the other Party related to trade in services may request consultations with the other Party on such matters. The requested Party shall accord sympathetic consideration to such a request.
3. No Party shall have recourse to dispute settlement under Chapter 13 (Dispute Settlement) for any request made or consultations held under this Article, or any other dispute arising under this Article.
Article 8.23. Cooperation
1. The Parties shall strengthen cooperation efforts in sectors, including sectors which are not covered by current cooperation arrangements. The Parties shall discuss and agree on the sectors for cooperation and develop cooperation programmes in these sectors in order to improve their domestic services capacity and their efficiency and competitiveness.
2. Recognising that trade in audiovisual services, including film and television co-productions, can significantly contribute to the development of the audiovisual industry and to the intensification of cultural and economic exchange between them, the Parties shall endeavour to enhance cooperation in the sector, including by pursuing an audiovisual co-production agreement.
Article 8.24. Subcommittee on Trade In Services
1. The Parties hereby establish a Subcommittee on Trade in Services ("Trade in Services Subcommittee"), composed of government representatives of each Party.
2. The Trade in Services Subcommittee shall meet within one year from the date of entry into force of the Agreement, and thereafter as mutually determined by the Parties.
3. The Trade in Services Subcommittee's functions shall be to:
(a) review and monitor the implementation of this Chapter;
(b) consider any other matters related to this Chapter identified by either party; and
(c) facilitate the exchange of information between the Parties in relation to this Chapter.
4. The Subcommittee may:
(a) make recommendations, or refer matters, to the Joint Committee;
(b) establish ad hoc working groups, as appropriate;
(c) refer matters to any ad hoc or standing working group or any other subsidiary body related to this Chapter; and
(d) consider any other matter related to this Chapter, or any matter as directed by the Joint Committee.
5. The Subcommittee shall report to the Joint Committee as required.
Annex 8A. FINANCIAL SERVICES
Article 8A.1. Definitions
For the purposes of this Annex:
(a) financial institution means any financial intermediary or other juridical person that is authorised to do business and regulated or supervised as a financial institution, under the laws and regulations of the Party in whose territory it is located;
financial service means any service of a financial nature offered by a financial service supplier of a Party. Financial services include all insurance and insurance-related services, and all banking and other financial services (excluding insurance). Financial services include the following activities: Insurance and insurance-related services (i) direct insurance (including co-insurance):
(A) life; and
(B) non-life;
(ii) reinsurance and retrocession;
(iii) insurance intermediation, such as brokerage and agency;
(iv) services auxiliary to insurance, such as consultancy, actuarial, risk assessment, and claim settlement services;
Banking and other financial services (excluding insurance)
(v) acceptance of deposits and other repayable funds from the public;
(vi) lending of all types, including consumer credit, mortgage credit, factoring, and financing of commercial transaction;
(vii) financial leasing;
(viii) all payment and money transmission services, including credit, charge and debit cards, travellers cheques, and bankers drafts;
(ix) guarantees and commitments;
(x) trading for own account or for account of customers, whether on an exchange, in an over-the-counter market or otherwise, the following:
(A) money market instruments (including cheques, bills, certificates of deposits);
(B) foreign exchange;
(C) derivative products including futures and options;
(D) exchange rate and interest rate instruments, including products such as swaps and forward rate agreements;
(E) transferable securities; and
(F) other negotiable instruments and financial assets, including bullion;
(xi) participation in issues of all kinds of securities, including underwriting and placement as agent (whether publicly or privately) and provision of services related to such issues;
(xii) money broking;
(xiii) asset management, such as cash or portfolio management, all forms of collective investment management, pension fund management, custodial, depository, and trust services;
(xiv) settlement and clearing services for financial assets, including securities, derivative products, and other negotiable instruments;
(xv) provision and transfer of financial information, and financial data processing and related software by suppliers of other financial services; and
(xvi) advisory, intermediation and other auxiliary financial services on all the activities listed in subparagraphs (v) through (xv), including credit reference and analysis, investment and portfolio research and advice, advice on acquisitions and on corporate restructuring and strategy;
(c) financial service supplier means any natural person or juridical person of a Party seeking to supply or supplying financial services but the term âfinancial service supplierâ does not include a public entity;
(d) FinTech means the use of technology to improve and automate the delivery and use of financial services;
(e) new financial service means any financial service which is not supplied in the territory of a Party but is supplied and regulated in the territory of the other Party. This may include a service related to current and new products, or the manner in which a product is delivered;
(f) public entity means:
(i) a government, a central bank, or a monetary authority, of a Party, or an entity owned or controlled by a Party, that is principally engaged in carrying out governmental functions or activities for governmental purposes, not including an entity principally engaged in supplying financial services on commercial terms; or
(ii) a private entity, performing functions normally performed by a central bank or monetary authority, when exercising those functions; and
(g) self-regulatory organisation means any non-governmental body, including any securities or futures exchange or market, clearing or payment settlement agency, or other organisation or association, that exercises regulatory or supervisory authority over financial service suppliers or financial institutions by legislation or delegation from central, regional or local governments or authorities. (1)
Article 8A.2. Scope
1. This Annex shall apply to measures taken by a Party affecting the supply of financial services. Reference to the supply of a financial service in this Annex shall mean the supply of a service as defined in subparagraph (s) of Article 8.1 (Definitions - Trade in Services).
2. For the purposes of this Annex, "services supplied in the exercise of governmental authority" as referred to in subparagraph (p) of Article 8.1 (Definitions - Trade in Services) means the following:
(a) activities conducted by a central bank or monetary authority or by any other public entity in pursuit of monetary or exchange rate policies; (2)
(b) activities forming part of a statutory system of social security or public retirement plans; or
(c) other activities conducted by a public entity for the account or with the guarantee or using the financial resources of the government.
If a Party allows any of the activities referred to in subparagraph (b) or (c) to be conducted by its financial service suppliers in competition with a public entity or a financial service supplier, "services" shall include such activities.
3. The definition of "service supplied in the exercise of government authority" in Article 8.1 (Definitions - Trade in Services) shall not apply to services covered by this Annex.
4. Article 8.7 (Local Presence – Trade in Services) shall not apply to services covered by this Annex.
Article 8A.3. Financial Services Exceptions
For greater certainty, nothing in this Annex shall be construed to prevent a Party from adopting or enforcing measures necessary to secure compliance with laws or regulations that are not inconsistent with this Annex, including those relating to the prevention of deceptive and fraudulent practices or to deal with the effects of a default on financial services contracts, subject to the requirement that such measures are not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between the Parties or between the Parties and non-Parties where like conditions prevail, or a disguised restriction on investment in financial institutions or trade in financial services.
Article 8A.4. Prudential Measures
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, a Party shall not be prevented from adopting or maintaining measures for prudential reasons (3), including for the protection of investors, depositors, policyholders, or persons to whom a fiduciary duty is owed by a financial service supplier, or to ensure the integrity and stability of the financial system. Where such measures do not conform with the provisions of this Agreement, they shall not be used as a means of avoiding the Party's commitments or obligations under this Agreement.
Article 8A.5. New Financial Services
1. The host Party shall endeavour to permit financial institutions of the other Party established in the territory of the host Party to supply a new financial service in the territory of the host Party that the host Party would permit its own financial institutions, in like circumstances, to supply without adopting a law or modifying an existing law.(4)
2. Where an application is approved, the supply of the new financial service is subject to relevant licensing, institutional or juridical form, or other requirements of the host Party.
Article 8A.6. Treatment of Financial Services Information
Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to require a Party to disclose information relating to the affairs and accounts of individual customers, or any confidential or proprietary information in the possession of public entities.
Article 8A.7. Recognition
1. A Party may recognise prudential measures of any international standard setting body, the other Party, or a non-Party in determining how the Party's measures relating to financial services shall be applied. (5) Such recognition, which may be achieved through harmonisation or otherwise, may be based upon an agreement or arrangement with the international standard setting body, the other Party, or the non-Party concerned or may be accorded autonomously.
2. Where a Party is a party to such an agreement or arrangement referred to in paragraph 1, whether future or existing, that Party shall provide adequate opportunity for the other Party to negotiate accession to such an agreement or arrangements, or to negotiate a comparable agreement or arrangement with it, under circumstances in which there would be equivalent regulation, oversight, implementation of such regulation, and, if appropriate, procedures concerning the sharing of information between the parties to the agreement or arrangement.
3. Where a Party accords recognition autonomously, it shall afford adequate opportunity for the other Party to demonstrate that such circumstances as referred to in paragraph 2 exist.
Article 8A.8. Regulatory Transparency
1. The Parties recognise that transparent measures governing the activities of financial service suppliers are important in facilitating their ability to gain access to, and operate in, each other's markets. Each Party commits to promote regulatory transparency in financial services.
2. Each Party shall ensure that all measures of general application to which this Annex applies are administered in a reasonable, objective, and impartial manner.
3. Each Party shall ensure that measures of general application that it adopts or maintains are promptly published, or otherwise made publicly available. (6)
4. To the extent practicable, each Party shall:
(a) publish or make available to interested persons (7) in advance any regulation of general application relating to this Annex that it proposes to adopt, and the purpose of such regulation; and
(b) provide interested persons and the other Party with a reasonable opportunity to comment on such proposed regulation.
5. To the extent practicable, each Party shall allow a reasonable period of time between the date of publication of any final regulation of general application and the date when it enters into effect.
6. Each Party shall take such reasonable measures as may be available to it to ensure that the rules of general application adopted or maintained by a self- regulatory organisation of the Party are promptly published or otherwise made available. (8)
7. Each Party shall maintain or establish appropriate mechanisms for responding to enquiries from interested persons of the other Party regarding measures of general application covered by this Annex.
8. Each Party's regulatory authority shall make available to interested persons of the other Party its requirements, including any documentation required, for completing applications relating to the supply of financial services.
9. On request of an applicant in writing, a Party's regulatory authority shall inform the applicant of the status of its application. If the authority requires additional information from the applicant, it shall notify the applicant without undue delay.
10. A Party's regulatory authority shall make an administrative decision on a complete application of a financial service supplier of the other Party relating to the supply of a financial service within 180 days, and shall notify the applicant of the decision without undue delay. An application shall not be considered complete until all relevant proceedings are conducted and all necessary information is received. Where it is not practicable for such a decision to be made within 180 days, the regulatory authority shall notify the applicant without undue delay and shall endeavour to make the decision within a reasonable period of time thereafter.
11. On request of an unsuccessful applicant in writing, a Party's regulatory authority that has denied an application shall, to the extent practicable, inform the applicant of the reasons for the denial of the application.
Article 8A.9. Transfers of Financial Information and Processing of Financial Information
1. The Parties recognise that each Party may have its own regulatory requirements, including requirements set out in legislation, concerning the transfer of financial information and the processing of financial information. (9) (10)
2. A Party shall not, other than in pursuance of the requirements mentioned in paragraph 1, take measures that prevent:
(a) transfers of financial information, including transfers of data by electronic or other means, necessary for the conduct of the ordinary business of a financial service supplier in its territory; or
(b) processing of financial information necessary for the conduct of the ordinary business of a financial service supplier in its territory.
3. Nothing in paragraph 2 prevents a regulatory authority of a Party, for regulatory or prudential reasons, from requiring a financial service supplier in its territory to comply with its laws and regulations in relation to data management and storage and system maintenance, as well as to retain within its territory copies of records, (11) provided that such requirements shall not be used as a means of avoiding the Party's commitments or obligations under this Agreement.
4. Nothing in paragraph 2 restricts the right of a Party to protect personal data, personal privacy, and the confidentiality of individual records and accounts including in accordance with its laws and regulations, (12) provided that such a right shall not be used as a means of avoiding the Party's commitments or obligations under this Agreement.
5. Nothing in paragraph 2 shall be construed to require a Party to allow the cross-border supply or consumption abroad of services in relation to which it has not made commitments, including to allow non-resident suppliers of financial services to supply, as a principal, through an intermediary or as an intermediary, the provision and transfer of financial information and financial data processing as referred to in subparagraph (b)(xv) of Article 8A.1 (Definitions).