Colombia - United States TPA (2006)
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Title

Colombia - United States Trade Promotion Agreement

Preamble

The Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Colombia, resolved to:

STRENGTHEN the special bonds of friendship and cooperation between them and promote regional economic integration;

PROMOTE broad-based economic development in order to reduce poverty and generate opportunities for sustainable economic alternatives to drug-crop production;

CREATE new employment opportunities and improve labor conditions and living standards in their respective territories;

ESTABLISH clear and mutually advantageous rules governing their trade;

ENSURE a predictable legal and commercial framework for business and investment;

AGREE that foreign investors are not hereby accorded greater substantive rights with respect to investment protections than domestic investors under domestic law where, as in the United States, protections of investor rights under domestic law equal or exceed those set forth in this Agreement;

RECOGNIZE that Article 226 of the Colombian Constitution provides that Colombia shall promote its international relations based on the principle of reciprocity;

RECOGNIZE that Articles 13 and 100 of the Colombian Constitution provide that foreigners and nationals are protected under the general principle of equality of treatment;

AVOID distortions to their reciprocal trade;

FOSTER creativity and innovation and promote trade in the innovative sectors of our economies;

PROMOTE transparency and prevent and combat corruption, including bribery, in international trade and investment;

PROTECT, enhance, and enforce basic workers' rights, strengthen their cooperation on labor matters, and build on their respective international commitments on labor matters;

IMPLEMENT this Agreement in a manner consistent with environmental protection and conservation, promote sustainable development, and strengthen their cooperation on environmental matters;

PRESERVE their ability to safeguard the public welfare;

CONTRIBUTE to hemispheric integration and provide an impetus toward establishing the Free Trade Area of the Americas;

BUILD on their respective rights and obligations under the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization and agreements to which they are both parties; and

RECOGNIZE that Colombia is a member of the Andean Community and that Decision 598 of the Andean Community requires Andean countries negotiating trade agreements to preserve the Andean Legal System in relations between the Andean Community Member Countries under the Cartagena Agreement; HAVE AGREED as follows:

Body

Chapter One. Initial Provisions and General Definitions

Section A. Initial Provisions

Article 1.1. Establishment of a Free Trade Area

The Parties to this Agreement, consistent with Article XXIV of the GATT 1994 and Article V of the GATS, hereby establish a free trade area.

Article 1.2. Relation to other Agreements

The Parties affirm their existing rights and obligations with respect to each other under the WTO Agreement and other agreements to which such Parties are party.

Section B. General Definitions

Article 1.3. Definitions of General Application

For purposes of this Agreement, unless otherwise specified:

central level of government means:

(a) for Colombia, the national level of government (1); and

(b) for the United States, the federal level of government;

Commission means the Free Trade Commission established under Article 20.1 (The Free Trade Commission);

covered investment means, with respect to a Party, an investment, as defined in Article 10.28 (Definitions), in its territory of an investor of another Party in existence as of the date of entry into force of this Agreement or established, acquired, or expanded thereafter;

customs authority means the competent authority that is responsible under the law of a Party for the administration of customs laws and regulations;

customs duty includes any customs or import duty and a charge of any kind imposed in connection with the importation of a good, including any form of surtax or surcharge in connection with such importation, but does not include any:

(a) charge equivalent to an internal tax imposed consistently with Article III:2 of the GATT 1994, in respect of like, directly competitive, or substitutable goods of the Party, or in respect of goods from which the imported good has been manufactured or produced in whole or in part;

(b) antidumping or countervailing duty that is applied pursuant to a Party's domestic law; or

(c) fee or other charge in connection with importation commensurate with the cost of services rendered;

Customs Valuation Agreement means the WTO Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994;

days means calendar days;

enterprise means any entity constituted or organized under applicable law, whether or not for profit, and whether privately-owned or governmentally-owned, including any corporation, trust, partnership, sole proprietorship, joint venture, or other association;

enterprise of a Party means an enterprise constituted or organized under the law of a Party;

existing means in effect on the date of entry into force of this Agreement;

GATS means the WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services;

GATT 1994 means the WTO General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994;

goods of a Party means domestic products as these are understood in the GATT 1994 or such goods as the Parties may agree, and includes originating goods of that Party;

Harmonized System (HS) means the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, including its General Rules of Interpretation, Section Notes, and Chapter Notes, as adopted and implemented by the Parties in their respective tariff laws;

heading means the first four digits in the tariff classification number under the Harmonized System;

measure includes any law, regulation, procedure, requirement, or practice;

national means a natural person who has the nationality of a Party according to Annex 1.3 or a permanent resident of a Party;

originating means qualifying under the rules of origin set out in Chapter Three (Textiles and Apparel) and Chapter Four (Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures);

person means a natural person or an enterprise;

person of a Party means a national or an enterprise of a Party;

preferential tariff treatment means the duty rate applicable under this Agreement to an originating good;

procurement means the process by which a government obtains the use of or acquires goods or services, or any combination thereof, for governmental purposes and not with a view to commercial sale or resale or with a view to use in the production or supply of goods or services for commercial sale or resale;

regional level of government means for the United States, a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, or Puerto Rico. For Colombia, as a unitary Republic, the term "regional level of government" is not applicable;

Safeguards Agreement means the WTO Agreement on Safeguards;

sanitary or phytosanitary measure means any measure referred to in Annex A, paragraph 1 of the SPS Agreement;

SPS Agreement means the WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures;

state enterprise means an enterprise that is owned, or controlled through ownership interests, by a Party;

subheading means the first six digits in the tariff classification number under the Harmonized System;

territory means for a Party the territory of that Party as set out in Annex 1.3;

TRIPS Agreement means the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights; (2)

WTO means the World Trade Organization; and

WTO Agreement means the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, done on April 15, 1994.

(1) For greater certainty, "departamentos" are at the local level of government.
(2) For greater certainty, "TRIPS Agreement" includes any waiver in force between the Parties of any provision of the TRIPS Agreement granted by WTO Members in accordance with the WTO Agreement.

Annex 1.3. Country-Specific Definitions

For purposes of this Agreement, unless otherwise specified:

natural person who has the nationality of a Party means:

(a) with respect to Colombia, Colombians by birth or naturalization, in accordance with Article 96 of the Constitución Política de Colombia; and

(b) with respect to the United States, "national of the United States" as defined in the existing provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act; and

territory means:

(a) with respect to Colombia, in addition to its continental territory, the archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina, the island of Malpelo, and all the other islands, islets, keys, headlands and shoals that belong to it, as well as air space and the maritime areas over which it has sovereignty or sovereign rights or jurisdiction in accordance with its domestic law and international law, including applicable international treaties; and

(b) with respect to the United States,

(i) the customs territory of the United States, which includes the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico,

(ii) the foreign trade zones located in the United States and Puerto Rico, and

(iii) any areas beyond the territorial seas of the United States within which, in accordance with international law and its domestic law, the United States may exercise rights with respect to the seabed and subsoil and their natural resources.

Chapter Two. National Treatment and Market Access for Goods

Article 2.1. Scope and Coverage

Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, this Chapter applies to trade in goods of a Party.

Section A. National Treatment

Article 2.2. National Treatment

1. Each Party shall accord national treatment to the goods of another Party in accordance with Article III of the GATT 1994, including its interpretive notes, and to this end Article III of the GATT 1994 and its interpretive notes are incorporated into and made part of this Agreement, mutatis mutandis.

2. The treatment to be accorded by a Party under paragraph 1 means, with respect to a regional level of government, treatment no less favorable than the most favorable treatment that regional level of government accords to any like, directly competitive, or substitutable goods, as the case may be, of the Party of which it forms a part. 3. Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to the measures set out in Annex 2.2.

Section B. Tariff Elimination

Article 2.3. Tariff Elimination

1. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, no Party may increase any existing customs duty, or adopt any new customs duty, on an originating good.

2. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, each Party shall progressively eliminate its customs duties on originating goods, in accordance with its Schedule to Annex 2.3.

3. For greater certainty, paragraph 2 shall not prevent Colombia from granting identical or more favorable tariff treatment to a good as provided for under the legal instruments of the Andean integration, provided that the goods meet the rules of origin under those instruments.

4. On the request of any Party, the requesting Party and one or more other Parties shall consult to consider accelerating the elimination of customs duties set out in their Schedules to Annex 2.3. The consulting Parties shall notify the other Parties of the goods that will be subject to the consultations, and shall afford the other Parties an opportunity to participate in the consultations. Notwithstanding Article 20.1.3(b) (Free Trade Commission), an agreement between two or more Parties to accelerate the elimination of a customs duty on a good shall supercede any duty rate or staging category determined pursuant to their Schedules to Annex 2.3 for that good when approved by each involved Party in accordance with its applicable legal procedures. Within 30 days after two or more Parties conclude an agreement under this paragraph, they shall notify the other Parties of the terms of the agreement.

5. For greater certainty, a Party may:

(a) raise a customs duty to the level established in its Schedule to Annex 2.3 following a unilateral reduction; or

(b) maintain or increase a customs duty as authorized by the Dispute Settlement Body of the WTO.

Section C. Special Regimes

Article 2.4. Waiver of Customs Duties

1. No Party may adopt any new waiver of customs duties, or expand with respect to existing recipients or extend to any new recipient the application of an existing waiver of customs duties, where the waiver is conditioned, explicitly or implicitly, on the fulfillment of a performance requirement.

2. No Party may, explicitly or implicitly, condition on the fulfillment of a performance requirement the continuation of any existing waiver of customs duties.

Article 2.5. Temporary Admission of Goods

1. Each Party shall grant duty-free temporary admission for the following goods, regardless of their origin:

(a) professional equipment, including equipment for the press or television, software, and broadcasting and cinematographic equipment, necessary for carrying out the business activity, trade, or profession of a person who qualifies for temporary entry pursuant to the laws of the importing Party;

(b) goods intended for display or demonstration;

(c) commercial samples and advertising films and recordings; and

(d) goods admitted for sports purposes.

2. Each Party shall, at the request of the person concerned and for reasons its customs authority considers valid, extend the time limit for temporary admission beyond the period initially fixed.

3. No Party may condition the duty-free temporary admission of a good referred to in paragraph 1, other than to require that the good:

(a) be used solely by or under the personal supervision of a national or resident of another Party in the exercise of the business activity, trade, profession, or sport of that person;

(b) not be sold or leased while in its territory;

(c) be accompanied by a security in an amount no greater than the charges that would otherwise be owed on entry or final importation, releasable on exportation of the good;

(d) be capable of identification when exported;

(e) be exported on the departure of the person referenced in subparagraph (a), or within such other period related to the purpose of the temporary admission as the Party may establish, or within one year, unless extended;

(f) be admitted in no greater quantity than is reasonable for its intended use; and

(g) be otherwise admissible into the Party's territory under its law.

4. If any condition that a Party imposes under paragraph 3 has not been fulfilled, the Party may apply the customs duty and any other charge that would normally be owed on the good plus any other charges or penalties provided for under its law.

5. Each Party shall adopt and maintain procedures providing for the expeditious release of goods admitted under this Article. To the extent possible, such procedures shall provide that when such a good accompanies a national or resident of the other Party who is seeking temporary entry, the good shall be released simultaneously with the entry of that national or resident.

6. Each Party shall permit a good temporarily admitted under this Article to be exported through a customs port other than that through which it was admitted.

7. Each Party shall provide that the importer or other person responsible for a good admitted under this Article shall not be liable for failure to export the good on presentation of satisfactory proof to the importing Party that the good has been destroyed within the original period fixed for temporary admission or any lawful extension.

8. Subject to Chapters Ten (Investment) and Eleven (Cross-Border Trade in Services):

(a) each Party shall allow a vehicle or container used in international traffic that enters its territory from the territory of another Party to exit its territory on any route that is reasonably related to the economic and prompt departure of such vehicle or container;

(b) no Party may require any security or impose any penalty or charge solely by reason of any difference between the port of entry and the port of departure of a vehicle or container;

(c) no Party may condition the release of any obligation, including any security, that it imposes in respect of the entry of a vehicle or container into its territory on its exit through any particular port of departure; and

(d) no Party may require that the vehicle or carrier bringing a container from the territory of another Party into its territory be the same vehicle or carrier that takes the container to the territory of another Party.

9. For purposes of paragraph 8, vehicle means a truck, a truck tractor, a tractor, a trailer unit or trailer, a locomotive, or a railway car or other railroad equipment.

Article 2.6. Goods Re-entered after Repair or Alteration

1. No Party may apply a customs duty to a good, regardless of its origin, that re-enters its territory after that good has been temporarily exported from its territory to the territory of another Party for repair or alteration, regardless of whether such repair or alteration could be performed in the territory of the Party from which the good was exported for repair or alteration.

2. No Party may apply a customs duty to a good, regardless of its origin, admitted temporarily from the territory of another Party for repair or alteration.

3. For purposes of this Article, repair or alteration does not include an operation or process that:

(a) destroys a good's essential characteristics or creates a new or commercially different good; or

(b) transforms an unfinished good into a finished good.

Article 2.7. Duty-free Entry of Commercial Samples of Negligible Value and Printed Advertising Materials

Each Party shall grant duty-free entry to commercial samples of negligible value, and to printed advertising materials, imported from the territory of another Party, regardless of their origin, but may require that:

(a) such samples be imported solely for the solicitation of orders for goods, or services provided from the territory, of another Party or a non-Party; or

(b) such advertising materials be imported in packets that each contain no more than one copy of each such material and that neither such materials nor packets form part of a larger consignment.

Section D. Non-Tariff Measures

Article 2.8. Import and Export Restrictions

1. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, no Party may adopt or maintain any prohibition or restriction on the importation of any good of another Party or on the exportation or sale for export of any good destined for the territory of another Party, except in accordance with Article XI of the GATT 1994 and its interpretative notes, and to this end Article XI of the GATT 1994 and its interpretive notes are incorporated into and made a part of this Agreement, mutatis mutandis. (1)

2. The Parties understand that the GATT 1994 rights and obligations incorporated by paragraph 1 prohibit, in any circumstances in which any other form of restriction is prohibited, a Party from adopting or maintaining:

(a) export and import price requirements, except as permitted in enforcement of countervailing and antidumping duty orders and undertakings;

(b) import licensing conditioned on the fulfillment of a performance requirement, except as provided in a Party's Schedule to Annex 2.3; or

(c) voluntary export restraints inconsistent with Article VI of the GATT 1994, as implemented under Article 18 of the SCM Agreement and Article 8.1 of the AD Agreement.

3. Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to the measures set out in Annex 2.2.

4. In the event that a Party adopts or maintains a prohibition or restriction on the importation from or exportation to a non-Party of a good, no provision of this Agreement shall be construed to prevent the Party from: (a) limiting or prohibiting the importation from the territory of another Party of such good of that non-Party; or (b) requiring as a condition of export of such good of the Party to the territory of another Party, that the good not be re-exported to the non-Party, directly or indirectly, without being consumed in the territory of the other Party.

5. In the event that a Party adopts or maintains a prohibition or restriction on the importation of a good from a non-Party, the Parties, on the request of any Party, shall consult with a view to avoiding undue interference with or distortion of pricing, marketing, or distribution arrangements in another Party.

6. No Party may, as a condition for engaging in importation or for the import of a good, require a person of another Party to establish or maintain a contractual or other relationship with a distributor in its territory.

7. Nothing in paragraph 6 prevents a Party from requiring the designation of an agent for the purpose of facilitating communications between regulatory authorities of the Party and a person of another Party.

8. For purposes of paragraph 6:  distributor means a person of a Party who is responsible for the commercial distribution, agency, concession, or representation in the territory of that Party of goods of another Party.

(1) For greater certainty, this paragraph applies, inter alia, to prohibitions or restrictions on the importation of remanufactured goods.
Page 1 Next page
  • Chapter   One Initial Provisions and General Definitions 1
  • Section   A Initial Provisions 1
  • Article   1.1 Establishment of a Free Trade Area 1
  • Article   1.2 Relation to other Agreements 1
  • Section   B General Definitions 1
  • Article   1.3 Definitions of General Application 1
  • Annex 1.3  Country-Specific Definitions 1
  • Chapter   Two National Treatment and Market Access for Goods 1
  • Article   2.1 Scope and Coverage 1
  • Section   A National Treatment 1
  • Article   2.2 National Treatment 1
  • Section   B Tariff Elimination 1
  • Article   2.3 Tariff Elimination 1
  • Section   C Special Regimes 1
  • Article   2.4 Waiver of Customs Duties 1
  • Article   2.5 Temporary Admission of Goods 1
  • Article   2.6 Goods Re-entered after Repair or Alteration 1
  • Article   2.7 Duty-free Entry of Commercial Samples of Negligible Value and Printed Advertising Materials 1
  • Section   D Non-Tariff Measures 1
  • Article   2.8 Import and Export Restrictions 1
  • Article   2.9 Import Licensing 2
  • Article   2.10 Administrative Fees and Formalities 2
  • Article   2.11 Export Taxes 2
  • Section   E Other Measures 2
  • Article   2.12 Distinctive Products 2
  • Section   F Institutional Provisions 2
  • Article   2.13 Committee on Trade In Goods 2
  • Section   G Agriculture 2
  • Article   2.14 Scope and Coverage 2
  • Article   2.15 Administration and Implementation of Tariff-rate Quotas 2
  • Article   2.16 Agricultural Export Subsidies 2
  • Article   2.17 Export State Trading Enterprises 2
  • Article   2.18 Agricultural Safeguard Measures 2
  • Article   2.19 Sugar Compensation Mechanism 2
  • Article   2.20 Consultations on Trade In Chicken 2
  • Article   2.21 Committee on Agricultural Trade 2
  • Section   H Definitions 2
  • Article   2.22 Definitions 2
  • Chapter   Three Textiles and Apparel  (1) 2
  • Article   3.1 Textile Safeguard Measures 2
  • Article   3.2 Customs Cooperation and Verification of Origin 2
  • Article   3.3 Rules of Origin, Origin Procedures, and Related Matters 3
  • Article   3.4 Committee on Textile and Apparel Trade Matters 3
  • Article   3.5 Definitions 3
  • Chapter   Four Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures 3
  • Section   A Rules of Origin 3
  • Article   4.1 Originating Goods 3
  • Article   4.2 Regional Value Content 3
  • Article   4.3 Value of Materials 3
  • Article   4.4 Further Adjustments to the Value of Materials 3
  • Article   4.5 Accumulation 3
  • Article   4.6 De Minimis 3
  • Article   4.7 Fungible Goods and Materials 3
  • Article   4.8 Accessories, Spare Parts, and Tools 3
  • Article   4.9 Sets of Goods 3
  • Article   4.10 Packaging Materials and Containers for Retail Sale 3
  • Article   4.11 Packing Materials and Containers for Shipment 3
  • Article   4.12 Indirect Materials Used In Production 4
  • Article   4.13 Transit and Transshipment 4
  • Article   4.14 Consultation and Modifications 4
  • Section   B Origin Procedures 4
  • Article   4.15 Claims for Preferential Treatment 4
  • Article   4.16 Exceptions 4
  • Article   4.17 Record Keeping Requirements 4
  • Article   4.18 Verification 4
  • Article   4.19 Obligations Relating to Importations 4
  • Article   4.20 Obligations Relating to Exportations 4
  • Article   4.21 Common Guidelines 4
  • Article   4.22 Implementation 4
  • Article   4.23 Definitions 4
  • Chapter   Five Customs Administration and Trade Facilitation 5
  • Article   5.1 Publication 5
  • Article   5.2 Release of Goods 5
  • Article   5.3 Automation 5
  • Article   5.4 Risk Management 5
  • Article   5.5 Cooperation 5
  • Article   5.6 Confidentiality 5
  • Article   5.7 Express Shipments 5
  • Article   5.8 Review and Appeal 5
  • Article   5.9 Penalties 5
  • Article   5.10 Advance Rulings 5
  • Article   5.11 Implementation 5
  • Chapter   Six Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 5
  • Article   6.1 Scope and Coverage 5
  • Article   6.2 General Provisions 5
  • Article   6.3 Standing Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Matters 5
  • Chapter   Seven Technical Barriers to Trade 5
  • Article   7.1 Affirmation of the Tbt Agreement 5
  • Article   7.2 Scope and Coverage 5
  • Article   7.3 Trade Facilitation 5
  • Article   7.4 Conformity Assessment 5
  • Article   7.5 Technical Regulations 5
  • Article   7.6 Transparency 5
  • Article   7.7 Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade 5
  • Article   7.8 Information Exchange 6
  • Article   7.9 Definitions 6
  • Chapter   Eight Trade Remedies 6
  • Section   A Safeguard Measures 6
  • Article   8.1 Imposition of a Safeguard Measure 6
  • Article   8.2 Standards for a Safeguard Measure 6
  • Article   8.3 Investigation Procedures and Transparency Requirements 6
  • Article   8.4 Notification and Consultation 6
  • Article   8.5 Compensation 6
  • Article   8.6 Global Safeguard Measures 6
  • Article   8.7 Definitions 6
  • Section   B Antidumping and Countervailing Measures 6
  • Article   8.8 Antidumping and Countervailing Measures 6
  • Chapter   Nine Government Procurement 6
  • Article   9.1 Scope and Coverage 6
  • Article   9.2 General Principles 6
  • Article   9.3 Publication of Procurement Information 6
  • Article   9.4 Publication of Notices 6
  • Article   9.5 Time Limits 6
  • Article   9.6 Information on Intended Procurements 7
  • Article   9.7 Conditions for Participation 7
  • Article   9.8 Limited Tendering 7
  • Article   9.9 Treatment of Tenders and Awarding of Contracts 7
  • Article   9.10 Ensuring Integrity In Procurement Practices 7
  • Article   9.11 Domestic Review of Supplier Challenges 7
  • Article   9.12 Modifications and Rectifications to Coverage 7
  • Article   9.13 Disclosure of Information 7
  • Article   9.14 Exceptions 7
  • Article   9.15 Committee on Procurement 7
  • Article   9.16 Definitions 7
  • Chapter   Ten Investment 8
  • Section   A Investment 8
  • Article   10.1 Scope and Coverage  (1) 8
  • Article   10.2 Relation to other Chapters 8
  • Article   10.3 National Treatment 8
  • Article   10.4 Most-favored-nation Treatment 8
  • Article   10.5 Minimum Standard of Treatment  (3) 8
  • Article   10.6 Treatment In Case of Strife 8
  • Article   10.7 Expropriation and Compensation  (4) 8
  • Article   10.8 Transfers 8
  • Article   10.9 Performance Requirements 8
  • Article   10.10 Senior Management and Boards of Directors 8
  • Article   10.11 Investment and Environment 8
  • Article   10.12 Denial of Benefits 8
  • Article   10.13 Non-conforming Measures 8
  • Article   10.14 Special Formalities and Information Requirements 8
  • Section   B Investor-State Dispute Settlement 8
  • Article   10.15 Consultation and Negotiation 8
  • Article   10.16 Submission of a Claim to Arbitration 8
  • Article   10.17 Consent of Each Party to Arbitration 9
  • Article   10.18 Conditions and Limitations on Consent of Each Party 9
  • Article   10.19 Selection of Arbitrators 9
  • Article   10.20 Conduct of the Arbitration 9
  • Article   10.21 Transparency of Arbitral Proceedings 9
  • Article   10.22 Governing Law 9
  • Article   10.23 Interpretation of Annexes 9
  • Article   10.24 Expert Reports 9
  • Article   10.25 Consolidation 9
  • Article   10.26 Awards 9
  • Article   10.27 Service of Documents 9
  • Article   10.28 Definitions 9
  • Chapter   Eleven Cross-border Trade In Services 10
  • Section   CHAPTER ELEVEN 10
  • Article   11.1 Scope and Coverage 10
  • Article   11.2 National Treatment 10
  • Article   11.3 Most-favored-nation Treatment 10
  • Article   11.4 Market Access 10
  • Article   11.5 Local Presence 10
  • Article   11.6 Non-conforming Measures 10
  • Article   11.7 Domestic Regulation 10
  • Article   11.8 Transparency In Developing and Applying Regulations  (3) 10
  • Article   11.9 Recognition 10
  • Article   11.10 Transfers and Payments 10
  • Article   11.11 Denial of Benefits 10
  • Article   11.12 Specific Commitments 10
  • Article   11.13 Implementation 10
  • Article   11.14 Definitions 10
  • Chapter   Twelve Financial Services 10
  • Article   12.1 Scope and Coverage 10
  • Article   12.2 National Treatment 11
  • Article   12.3 Most-favored-nation Treatment 11
  • Article   12.4 Market Access for Financial Institutions 11
  • Article   12.5 Cross-border Trade 11
  • Article   12.6 New Financial Services  (2) 11
  • Article   12.7 Treatment of Certain Information 11
  • Article   12.8 Senior Management and Boards of Directors 11
  • Article   12.9 Non-conforming Measures 11
  • Article   12.10 Exceptions 11
  • Article   12.11 Transparency and Administration of Certain Measures 11
  • Article   12.12 Self-regulatory Organizations 11
  • Article   12.13 Payment and Clearing Systems 11
  • Article   12.14 Expedited Availability of Insurance Services 11
  • Article   12.15 Specific Commitments 11
  • Article   12.16 Financial Services Committee 11
  • Article   12.17 Consultations 11
  • Article   12.18 Dispute Settlement 11
  • Article   12.19 Investment Disputes In Financial Services 11
  • Article   12.20 Definitions 11
  • Chapter   Thirteen Competition Policy, Designated Monopolies, and State Enterprises 12
  • Article   13.1 Objectives 12
  • Article   13.2 Competition Law and Anticompetitive Business Conduct 12
  • Article   13.3 Cooperation 12
  • Article   13.4 Working Group 12
  • Article   13.5 Designated Monopolies 12
  • Article   13.6 State Enterprises 12
  • Article   13.7 Differences In Pricing 12
  • Article   13.8 Transparency and Information Requests 12
  • Article   13.9 Consultations 12
  • Article   13.10 Dispute Settlement 12
  • Article   13.11 Definitions 12
  • Chapter   Fourteen Telecommunications 12
  • Article   14.1 Scope and Coverage 12
  • Article   14.2 Access to and Use of Public Telecommunications Services  (1) 12
  • Article   14.3 Obligations Relating to Suppliers of Public Telecommunications Services  (2) 12
  • Article   14.4 Additional Obligations Relating to Major Suppliers of Public Telecommunications Services 12
  • Article   14.5 Submarine Cable Systems 13
  • Article   14.6 Conditions for the Supply of Information Services 13
  • Article   14.7 Independent Regulatory Bodies and Government-owned Telecommunications Suppliers 13
  • Article   14.8 Universal Service 13
  • Article   14.9 Licenses and other Authorizations 13
  • Article   14.10 Allocation and Use of Scarce Resources 13
  • Article   14.11 Enforcement 13
  • Article   14.12 Resolution of Telecommunications Disputes 13
  • Article   14.13 Transparency 13
  • Article   14.14 Flexibility In the Choice of Technologies 13
  • Article   14.15 Forbearance 13
  • Article   14.16 Relationship to other Chapters 13
  • Article   14.17 Definitions 13
  • Chapter   Fifteen Electronic Commerce 13
  • Article   15.1 General 13
  • Article   15.2 Electronic Supply of Services 13
  • Article   15.3 Digital Products 13
  • Article   15.4 Transparency 13
  • Article   15.5 Consumer Protection 13
  • Article   15.6 Authentication 13
  • Article   15.7 Paperless Trade Administration 13
  • Article   15.8 Definitions 13
  • Chapter   Sixteen Intellectual Property Rights 13
  • Article   16.1 General Provisions 13
  • Article   162 Trademarks 14
  • Article   16.3 Geographical Indications 14
  • Article   16.4 Domain Names on the Internet 14
  • Article   16.5 Copyrights 14
  • Article   16.6 Related Rights 14
  • Article   16.7 Obligations Common to Copyright and Related Rights 14
  • Article   16.8 Protection of Encrypted Program-carrying Satellite Signals 14
  • Article   16.9 Patents 14
  • Article   16.10 Measures Related to Certain Regulated Products  (17) 14
  • Article   16.11 Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights 15
  • Article   16.12 Promotion of Innovation and Technological Development 15
  • Article   16.13 Understandings Regarding Certain Public Health Measures 15
  • Article   16.14 Final Provisions 15
  • Chapter   Seventeen Labor 15
  • Article   17.1 Statement of Shared Commitments 15
  • Article   17.2 Fundamental Labor Rights 15
  • Article   17.3 Enforcement of Labor Laws 16
  • Article   17.4 Procedural Guarantees and Public Awareness 16
  • Article   17.5 Institutional Arrangements 16
  • Article   17.6 Labor Cooperation and Capacity Building Mechanism 16
  • Article   17.7 Cooperative Labor Consultations 16
  • Article   17.8 Definitions 16
  • Annex 17.6  Labor Cooperation and Capacity Building Mechanism 16
  • Chapter   Eighteen Environment 16
  • Article   18.1 Levels of Protection 16
  • Article   18.2 Environmental Agreements  (1) 16
  • Article   18.3 Enforcement of Environmental Laws 16
  • Article   18.4 Procedural Matters 16
  • Article   18.5 Mechanisms to Enhance Environmental Performance 16
  • Article   18.6 Environmental Affairs Council 17
  • Article   18.7 Opportunities for Public Participation 17
  • Article   18.8 Submissions on Enforcement Matters 17
  • Article   18.9 Factual Records and Related Cooperation 17
  • Article   18.10 Environmental Cooperation 17
  • Article   18.11 Biological Diversity 17
  • Article   18.12 Environmental Consultations and Panel Procedure 17
  • Article   18.13 Relationship to Environmental Agreements 17
  • Article   18.14 Definitions 17
  • Annex 18.2  Covered Agreements 17
  • Chapter   Nineteen Transparency 17
  • Section   A Transparency 17
  • Article   19.1 Contact Points 17
  • Article   19.2 Publication 17
  • Article   19.3 Notification and Provision of Information 17
  • Article   19.4 Administrative Proceedings 17
  • Article   19.5 Review and Appeal 17
  • Article   19.6 Definitions 17
  • Section   B Anti-Corruption 18
  • Article   19.7 Statement of Principle 18
  • Article   19.8 Cooperation In International Fora 18
  • Article   19.9 Anti-corruption Measures 18
  • Article   19.10 Definitions 18
  • Chapter   Twenty Administration of the Agreement and Trade Capacity Building 18
  • Section   A Administration of the Agreement 18
  • Article   20.1 The Free Trade Commission 18
  • Article   20.2 Free Trade Agreement Coordinators 18
  • Article   20.3 Administration of Dispute Settlement Proceedings 18
  • Section   B Trade Capacity Building 18
  • Article   20.4 Committee on Trade Capacity Building 18
  • Annex 20.1  The Free Trade Commission 18
  • Chapter   Twenty-One Dispute Settlement 18
  • Section   A Dispute Settlement 18
  • Article   21.1 Cooperation 18
  • Article   21.2 Scope of Application 18
  • Article   21.3 Choice of Forum 18
  • Article   21.4 Consultations 18
  • Article   21.5 Intervention of the Commission 18
  • Article   21.6 Request for an Arbitral Panel 18
  • Article   21.7 Indicative Roster 18
  • Article   21.8 Qualifications of Panelists 18
  • Article   219 Panel Selection 18
  • Article   21.10 Rules of Procedure 18
  • Article   21.11 Third Party Participation 19
  • Article   21.12 Role of Experts 19
  • Article   21.13 Initial Report 19
  • Article   21.14 Final Report 19
  • Article   21.15 Implementation of Final Report 19
  • Article   21.16 Non-implementation − Suspension of Benefits 19
  • Article   21.17 Compliance Review 19
  • Article   21.18 Five-year Review 19
  • Section   B Domestic Proceedings and Private Commercial Dispute Settlement 19
  • Article   21.19 Referral of Matters from Judicial or Administrative Proceedings 19
  • Article   21.20 Private Rights 19
  • Article   21.21 Alternative Dispute Resolution 19
  • Chapter   Twenty-Two Exceptions 19
  • Article   22.1 General Exceptions 19
  • Article   22.2 Essential Security 19
  • Article   22.3 Taxation 19
  • Article   22.4 Disclosure of Information 19
  • Article   22.5 Definitions 19
  • Annex 22.3  Competent Authorities 19
  • Chapter   Twenty-Three Final Provisions 19
  • Article   23.1 Annexes, Appendices, and Footnotes 19
  • Article   23.2 Amendments 19
  • Article   23.3 Amendment of the Wto Agreement 19
  • Article   23.4 Entry Into Force and Termination 19
  • Article   23.5 Accession 19
  • Article   23.6 Authentic Texts 19
  • Annex I  Non-Conforming Measures for Services and Investment 19
  • Annex I  Explanatory Notes 19
  • Annex I  Schedule of the United States 19
  • Annex I  Schedule of Colombia 20
  • Annex II  Non-Conforming Measures for Services and Investment 22
  • Annex II  Explanatory Notes 22
  • Annex II  Schedule of the United States 22
  • Annex II  Schedule of Colombia 22