Panama - United States FTA (2007)
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2. The Committee shall meet on the request of a Party or the Commission to consider any matter arising under this Chapter, Chapter Four (Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures), or Chapter Five (Customs Administration and Trade Facilitation).

3. The Committee’s functions shall include:

(a) promoting trade in goods between the Parties, including through consultations on accelerating tariff elimination under this Agreement and other issues as appropriate;

(b) addressing barriers to trade in goods between the Parties, especially those related to the application of non-tariff measures, and, if appropriate, referring such matters to the Commission for its consideration; and

(c) providing to the Committee on Trade Capacity Building advice and recommendations on technical assistance needs regarding matters relating to this Chapter, Chapter Four (Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures), or Chapter Five (Customs Administration and Trade Facilitation).

Section I. Definitions

Article 3.32. Definitions

For purposes of this Chapter:

AD Agreement means the WTO Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General

Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994;

advertising films and recordings means recorded visual media or audio materials, consisting essentially of images and/or sound, showing the nature or operation of goods or services offered for sale or lease by a person established or resident in the territory of a Party, provided that such materials are of a kind suitable for exhibition to prospective customers but not for broadcast to the general public;

Agreement on Textiles and Clothing means the WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing;

agricultural goods means those goods referred to in Article 2 of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture;

commercial samples of negligible value means commercial samples having a value, individually or in the aggregate as shipped, of not more than one U.S. dollar, or the equivalent amount in Panamanian currency, or so marked, torn, perforated, or otherwise treated that they are unsuitable for sale or use except as commercial samples;

consular transactions means requirements that goods of a Party intended for export to the territory of the other Party must first be submitted to the supervision of the consul of the importing Party in the territory of the exporting Party for the purpose of obtaining consular invoices or consular visas for commercial invoices, certificates of origin, manifests, shippers’ export declarations, or any other customs documentation required on or in connection with importation;

consumed means

(a) actually consumed; or

(b) further processed or manufactured so as to result in a substantial change in the value, form, or use of the good or in the production of another good;

duty-free means free of customs duty;

export subsidies shall have the meaning assigned to that term in Article 1(e) of the WTO

Agreement on Agriculture, including any amendment of that article;

goods intended for display or demonstration includes their component parts, ancillary

apparatus, and accessories;

goods temporarily admitted for sports purposes means sports requisites for use in sports contests, demonstrations, or training in the territory of the Party into whose territory such goods are admitted;

import licensing means an administrative procedure requiring the submission of an application or other documentation (other than that generally required for customs clearance purposes) to the relevant administrative body as a prior condition for importation into the territory of the importing Party;

Import Licensing Agreement means the WTO Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures; performance requirement means a requirement that:

(a) a given level or percentage of goods or services be exported;

(b) domestic goods or services of the Party granting a waiver of customs duties or import license be substituted for imported goods;

(c) a person benefiting from a waiver of customs duties or an import license purchase other goods or services in the territory of the Party granting the waiver of customs duties or the import license, or accord a preference to domestically produced goods;

(d) a person benefiting from a waiver of customs duties or an import license produce goods or supply services, in the territory of the Party granting the waiver of customs duties or the import license, with a given level or percentage of domestic content; or

(e) relates in any way the volume or value of imports to the volume or value of exports or to the amount of foreign exchange inflows, but does not include a requirement that an imported good be:

(f) subsequently exported;

(g) used as a material in the production of another good that is subsequently exported;

(h) substituted by an identical or similar good used as a material in the production of another good that is subsequently exported; or

(i) substituted by an identical or similar good that is subsequently exported;

printed advertising materials means those goods classified in Chapter 49 of the Harmonized System, including brochures, pamphlets, leaflets, trade catalogues, yearbooks published by trade associations, tourist promotional materials, and posters, that are used to promote, publicize, or advertise a good or service, are essentially intended to advertise a good or service, and are supplied free of charge; and

SCM Agreement means the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.

Chapter Four. Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures

Section A. Rules of Origin

Article 4.1. Originating Goods

Except as otherwise provided in this Chapter, each Party shall provide that a good is originating where:

(a) it is a good wholly obtained or produced entirely in the territory of one or both of the Parties;

(b) it is produced entirely in the territory of one or both of the Parties and

(i) each of the non-originating materials used in the production of the good undergoes an applicable change in tariff classification specified in Annex 4.1, or

(ii) the good otherwise satisfies any applicable regional value content or other requirements specified in Annex 4.1,

and the good satisfies all other applicable requirements of this Chapter; or

(c) it is produced entirely in the territory of one or both of the Parties exclusively from originating materials.

Article 4.2: Regional Value Content

1. Where Annex 4.1 specifies a regional value content test to determine whether a good is originating, each Party shall provide that the importer, exporter, or producer may use a calculation of regional value content based on one or the other of the following methods:

(a) Method Based on Value of Non-Originating Materials (“Build-down Method”)

RVC = AV - VNM x 100 AV

(b) Method Based on Value of Originating Materials (“Build-up Method”)

RVC = VOM x 100 AV

where, 

RVC is the regional value content, expressed as a percentage;

AV is the adjusted value;

VNM is the value of non-originating materials that are acquired and used by the producer in the production of the good; VNM does not include the value of a material that is self-produced; and

VOM is the value of originating materials acquired or self-produced, and used by the producer in the production of the good.

2. Each Party shall provide that all costs considered for the calculation of regional value content shall be recorded and maintained in conformity with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles applicable in the territory of the Party where the good is produced.

3. Where Annex 4.1 specifies a regional value content test to determine if an automotive good (1) is originating, each Party shall provide that the importer, exporter, or producer may use a calculation of the regional value content of that good as provided in paragraph 1 or based on the following method:

Method for Automotive Products (“Net Cost Method”)

RVC = NC - VNM x 100 NC

where,

RVC is the regional value content, expressed as a percentage; NC is the net cost of the good; and

VNM is the value of non-originating materials acquired and used by the producer in the production of the good; VNM does not include the value of a material that is self- produced.

4. Each Party shall provide that, for purposes of the regional value content method in paragraph 3, the importer, exporter, or producer may use a calculation averaged over the producer’s fiscal year, using any one of the following categories, on the basis of all motor vehicles in the category or only those motor vehicles in the category that are exported to the territory of one or both of the Parties:

(a) the same model line of motor vehicles in the same class of vehicles produced in the same plant in the territory of a Party;

(b) the same class of motor vehicles produced in the same plant in the territory of a Party; or

(c) the same model line of motor vehicles produced in the territory of a Party.

5. Each Party shall provide that, for purposes of calculating regional value content under paragraph 3 for automotive materials (2) produced in the same plant, an importer, exporter, or producer may use a calculation:

(a) averaged:

(i) over the fiscal year of the motor vehicle producer to whom the good is sold;

(ii) over any quarter or month; or

(iii) over the automotive producer’s fiscal year,

provided that the good was produced during the fiscal year, quarter, or month forming the basis for the calculation;

(b) in which the average in subparagraph (a) is calculated separately for such goods sold to one or more motor vehicle producers; or

(c) in which the average in subparagraph (a) or (b) is calculated separately for those goods that are exported to the territory of one or both of the Parties.

(1) Paragraph 3 applies solely to goods classified under the following headings and subheadings: 8407.31 through 8407.34 (engines), 8408.20 (diesel engines for vehicles), 84.09 (parts of engines), 87.01 through 87.05 (motor vehicles), 87.06 (chassis), 87.07 (bodies), and 87.08 (motor vehicle parts).
(2)  Paragraph 5 applies solely to automotive materials classified under the following headings and subheadings: 8407.31 through 8407.34 (engines), 8408.20 (diesel engines for vehicles), 84.09 (parts of engines), 87.06 (chassis), 87.07 (bodies), and 87.08 (motor vehicle parts).

Article 4.3. Value of Materials

Each Party shall provide that, for purposes of Articles 4.2 and 4.6, the value of a material shall be:

(a) for a material imported by the producer of the good, the adjusted value of the material;

(b) for a material acquired in the territory where the good is produced, the value, determined in accordance with Articles 1 through 8, Article 15, and the corresponding interpretative notes of the Customs Valuation Agreement, i.e., in the same manner as for imported goods, with such reasonable modifications as may be required due to the absence of an importation by the producer; or

(c) for a material that is self-produced,

(i) all the expenses incurred in the production of the material, including general expenses, and

(ii) an amount for profit equivalent to the profit added in the normal course of trade.

Article 4.4. Further Adjustments to the Value of Materials

1. Each Party shall provide that, for originating materials, the following expenses, where not included under Article 4.3, may be added to the value of the material:

(a) the costs of freight, insurance, packing, and all other costs incurred in transporting the material within a Party’s territory or between the territories of the Parties to the location of the producer;

(b) duties, taxes, and customs brokerage fees on the material paid in the territory of one or both of the Parties, other than duties and taxes that are waived, refunded, refundable, or otherwise recoverable, including credit against duty or tax paid or payable; and

(c) the cost of waste and spoilage resulting from the use of the material in the production of the good, less the value of renewable scrap or by-product.

2. Each Party shall provide that, for non-originating materials, the following expenses, where included under Article 4.3, may be deducted from the value of the material:

(a) the costs of freight, insurance, packing, and all other costs incurred in transporting the material within a Party’s territory or between the territories of the Parties to the location of the producer;

(b) duties, taxes and customs brokerage fees on the material paid in the territory of one or both of the Parties, other than duties and taxes that are waived, refunded, refundable, or otherwise recoverable, including credit against duty or tax paid or payable;

(c) the cost of waste and spoilage resulting from the use of the material in the production of the good, less the value of renewable scrap or by-product; and

(d) the cost of originating materials used in the production of the non-originating material in the territory of a Party.

Article 4.5. Accumulation

1. Each Party shall provide that originating goods or materials of a Party, incorporated into a good in the territory of the other Party, shall be considered to originate in the territory of the other Party.

2. Each Party shall provide that a good is originating where the good is produced in the territory of one or both of the Parties by one or more producers, provided that the good satisfies the requirements in Article 4.1 and all other applicable requirements in this Chapter.

Article 4.6. De Minimis Rule

1. Except as provided in Annex 4.6, each Party shall provide that a good that does not undergo a change in tariff classification pursuant to Annex 4.1 is nonetheless originating if the value of all non-originating materials used in the production of the good and that do not undergo the applicable change in tariff classification does not exceed 10 percent of the adjusted value of the good, provided that the value of such non-originating materials shall be included in the value of non-originating materials for any applicable regional value content requirement and that the good meets all other applicable requirements in this Chapter.

2. With respect to a textile or apparel good, Article 3.25.7 (Rules of Origin and Related Matters) applies in place of paragraph 1.

Article 4.7. Fungible Goods and Materials

1. Each Party shall provide that an importer may claim that a fungible good or material is an originating good where the importer, exporter, or producer has:

(a) physically segregated each fungible good or material; or

(b) used any inventory management method, such as averaging, last-in-first-out (LIFO) or first-in-first-out (FIFO), recognized in the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles of the Party in which the production is performed or otherwise accepted by the Party in which the production is performed.

2. Each Party shall provide that the inventory management method selected under paragraph 1 for a particular fungible good or material shall continue to be used for that good or material throughout the fiscal year of the person that selected the inventory management method.

Article 4.8. Accessories, Spare Parts, and Tools

1. Each Party shall provide that a good’s standard accessories, spare parts, or tools delivered with the good shall be treated as originating goods if the good is an originating good and shall be disregarded in determining whether all the non-originating materials used in the production of the good undergo the applicable change in tariff classification, provided that:

(a) the accessories, spare parts, or tools are classified with and not invoiced separately from the good, regardless of whether they appear specified or separately identified in the invoice itself; and

(b) the quantities and value of the accessories, spare parts, or tools are customary for the good.

2. If a good is subject to a regional value content requirement, the value of accessories, spare parts, or tools shall be taken into account as originating or non-originating materials, as the case may be, in calculating the regional value content of the good.

Article 4.9. Packaging Materials and Containers for Retail Sale

Each Party shall provide that packaging materials and containers in which a good is packaged for retail sale shall, if classified with the good, be disregarded in determining whether all the non-originating materials used in the production of the good undergo the applicable change in tariff classification set out in Annex 4.1 and, if the good is subject to a regional value content requirement, the value of such packaging materials and containers shall be taken into account as originating or non-originating materials, as the case may be, in calculating the regional value content of the good.

Article 4.10. Packing Materials and Containers for Shipment

Each Party shall provide that packing materials and containers for shipment shall be disregarded in determining whether a good is originating.

Article 4.11. Indirect Materials Used In Production

Each Party shall provide that an indirect material shall be considered to be an originating material without regard to where it is produced.

Article 4.12. Transit and Transshipment

Each Party shall provide that a good shall not be considered to be an originating good if the good:

(a) undergoes subsequent production or any other operation outside the territories of the Parties other than unloading, reloading, or any other operation necessary to preserve the good in good condition or to transport the good to the territory of a Party; or

(b) does not remain under the control of customs authorities in the territory of a non- Party.

Article 4.13. Sets of Goods

1. Each Party shall provide that if goods are classified as a set as a result of the application of rule 3 of the General Rules of Interpretation of the Harmonized System, the set is originating only if each good in the set is originating and both the set and the goods meet all other applicable requirements in this Chapter.

2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, a set of goods is originating if the value of all the non- originating goods in the set does not exceed 15 percent of the adjusted value of the set.

3. With respect to a textile or apparel good, Article 3.25.9 (Rules of Origin and Related Matters) applies in place of paragraphs 1 and 2.

Article 4.14. Consultation and Modifications

1. The Parties shall consult regularly to ensure that this Chapter is administered effectively, uniformly, and consistently with the spirit and objectives of this Agreement, and shall cooperate in the administration of this Chapter.

2. A Party that considers that a specific rule of origin set out in Annex 4.1 requires modification to take into account developments in production processes, lack of supply of originating materials, or other relevant factors may submit a proposed modification along with supporting rationale and any studies to the Commission for consideration.

3. On submission by a Party of a proposed modification under paragraph 2, the Commission may refer the matter to an ad hoc working group within 60 days or on such other date as the Commission may decide. The working group shall meet to consider the proposed modification within 60 days of the date of referral or on such other date as the Commission may decide.

4. Within such period as the Commission may direct, the working group shall provide a report to the Commission, setting out its conclusions and recommendations, if any.

5. On receipt of the report, the Commission may take appropriate action under Article 19.1.3(b) (The Free Trade Commission).

6. With respect to a textile or apparel good, paragraphs 1 through 3 of Article 3.25 (Rules of Origin and Related Matters) apply in place of paragraphs 2 through 5.

Section B. Origin Procedures

Article 4.15. Claims of Origin

1. Each Party shall provide that an importer may make a claim for preferential tariff treatment based on either:

(a) a written or electronic certification by the importer, exporter, or producer; or

(b) the importer’s knowledge that the good is an originating good, including reasonable reliance on information in the importer’s possession that the good is an originating good.

2. Each Party shall provide that a certification need not be made in a prescribed format, provided that the certification is in written or electronic form, including but not limited to the following elements:

(a) the name of the certifying person, including as necessary contact or other identifying information;

(b) tariff classification under the Harmonized System and a description of the good;

(c) information demonstrating that the good is originating;

(d) date of the certification; and

(e) in the case of a blanket certification issued as set out in paragraph 4(b), the period that the certification covers.

3. Each Party shall provide that a certification by the producer or exporter of the good may be completed on the basis of:

(a) the producer’s or exporter’s knowledge that the good is originating; or

(b) in the case of an exporter, reasonable reliance on the producer’s written or electronic certification that the good is originating.

Neither Party may require an exporter or producer to provide a written or electronic certification to another person.

4. Each Party shall provide that a certification may apply to:

(a) a single shipment of a good into the territory of a Party; or

  • Chapter   One Initial Provisions 1
  • Article   1.1 Establishment of a Free Trade Area 1
  • Article   1.2 Objectives 1
  • Article   1.3 Relations to other Agreements 1
  • Article   1.4 Extent of Obligations 1
  • Chapter   Two  General Definitions 1
  • Article   2.1  Definitions of General Application 1
  • Annex 2.1  Country-Specific Definitions 1
  • Chapter   Three National Treatment and Market Access for Goods 1
  • Article   3.1 Scope and Coverage 1
  • Section   A National Treatment 1
  • Article   3.2 National Treatment 1
  • Section   B Tariff Elimination 1
  • Article   3.3 Tariff Elimination 1
  • Section   C Special Regimes 1
  • Article   3.4 Waiver of Custom Duties 1
  • Article   3.5 Temporary Admission of Goods 1
  • Article   3.6 Goods Re-Entered after Repair or Alteration 1
  • Article   3.7 Duty-Free Entry of Commercial Samples of Negligible Value and Printed Advertising Materials 2
  • Section   D Non-Tariff Measures 2
  • Article   3.8 Import and Export Restrictions 2
  • Article   3.9 Import Licensing 2
  • Article   3.10 Administrative Fees and Formalities 2
  • Article   3.11 Export Taxes 2
  • Section   E Other Measures 2
  • Article   3.12 Distinctive Products 2
  • Section   F Agriculture 2
  • Article   3.13 Scope and Coverage 2
  • Article   3.14 Administration and Implementation of Tariff-Rate Quotas 2
  • Article   3.15 Agricultural Export Subsidies 2
  • Article   3.16 Export State Trading Enterprises 2
  • Article   3.17 Agricultural Safeguard Measures 2
  • Article   3.18 Sugar Compensation Mechanism 2
  • Article   3.19 Agriculture Review Commission 2
  • Article   3.20 Committee on Agricultural Trade 2
  • Section   G Textiles and Apparel 2
  • Article   3.21 Customs Cooperation 2
  • Article   3.22 Monitoring 3
  • Article   3.23 Consultations on Customs Cooperation and Monitoring 3
  • Article   3.24 Textile Safeguard Measures 3
  • Article   3.25 Rules of Origin and Related Matters 3
  • Article   3.26 Most-Favored-Nation Rates of Duty on Certain Goods 3
  • Article   3.27 Duty-Free Treatment for Certain Goods 3
  • Article   3.28 Duty-Free Treatment for Certain Guayabera-Style Dresses and Shirts 3
  • Article   3.29 Duty-Free Treatment for Certain Socks 3
  • Article   3.30 Definitions 3
  • Section   H Institutional Provisions 3
  • Article   3.31 Committee on Trade In Goods 3
  • Section   I Definitions 4
  • Article   3.32 Definitions 4
  • Chapter   Four Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures 4
  • Section   A Rules of Origin 4
  • Article   4.1 Originating Goods 4
  • Article   4.3 Value of Materials 4
  • Article   4.4 Further Adjustments to the Value of Materials 4
  • Article   4.5 Accumulation 4
  • Article   4.6 De Minimis Rule 4
  • Article   4.7 Fungible Goods and Materials 4
  • Article   4.8 Accessories, Spare Parts, and Tools 4
  • Article   4.9 Packaging Materials and Containers for Retail Sale 4
  • Article   4.10 Packing Materials and Containers for Shipment 4
  • Article   4.11 Indirect Materials Used In Production 4
  • Article   4.12 Transit and Transshipment 4
  • Article   4.13 Sets of Goods 4
  • Article   4.14 Consultation and Modifications 4
  • Section   B Origin Procedures 4
  • Article   4.15 Claims of Origin 4
  • Article   4.16 Obligations Relating to Importations 5
  • Article   4.17 Exceptions 5
  • Article   4.18 Obligations Relating to Exportations 5
  • Article   4.19 Record Keeping Requirements 5
  • Article   4.20 Verification 5
  • Article   4.21 Common Guidelines 5
  • Article   4.22 Application of Certain Provisions 5
  • Article   4.23 Definitions 5
  • Chapter   Five  Customs Administration and Trade Facilitation 5
  • Article   5.1 Publication 5
  • Article   5.2 Release of Goods 5
  • Article   5.3 Automation 5
  • Article   5.4 Risk Management 5
  • Article   5.5 Cooperation 5
  • Article   5.6 Confidentiality 6
  • Article   5.7 Express Shipments 6
  • Article   5.8 Review and Appeal 6
  • Article   5.9 Penalties 6
  • Article   5.10 Advance Rulings 6
  • Article   5.11 Panamanian Free Zone Monitoring Program 6
  • Article   5.12 Application of Certain Provisions 6
  • Chapter   Six  Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 6
  • Article   6.1 Affirmation of the SPS Agreement 6
  • Article   6.2 Scope and Coverage 6
  • Article   6.3 Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Matters 6
  • Chapter   Seven Technical Barriers to Trade 6
  • Article   7.1 Affirmation of the TBT Agreement 6
  • Article   7.2 Scope and Coverage 6
  • Article   7.3 International Standards 6
  • Article   7.4 Trade Facilitation 6
  • Article   7.5 Conformity Assessment 6
  • Article   7.6 Technical Regulations 6
  • Article   7.7 Transparency 6
  • Article   7.8 Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade 6
  • Article   7.9 Information Exchange 7
  • Article   7.10  Definitions 7
  • Chapter   Eight  Trade Remedies 7
  • Section   A Safeguards 7
  • Article   8.1 Imposition of a Safeguard Measure 7
  • Article   8.2 Standards for a Safeguard Measure 7
  • Article   8.3 Administration of Safeguard Proceedings 7
  • Article   8.4 Notification and Consultation 7
  • Article   8.5 Compensation 7
  • Article   8.6 Global Actions 7
  • Article   8.7 Definitions 7
  • Section   B Antidumping and Countervailing Duties 7
  • Article   8.8 Antidumping and Countervailing Duties 7
  • Chapter   Nine  Government Procurement 7
  • Article   9.1 Scope and Coverage 7
  • Article   9.2 General Principles 7
  • Article   9.3 Publication of Procurement Measures 7
  • Article   9.4 Publication of Notice of Intended Procurement 7
  • Article   9.5 Time Limits for the Tendering Process 7
  • Article   9.6 Tender Documentation 7
  • Article   9.7 Technical Specifications 7
  • Article   9.8 Requirements and Conditions for Participating In Procurement 7
  • Article   9.9 Tendering Procedures 7
  • Article   9.10 Awarding of Contracts 8
  • Article   9.11 Information on Contract Awards 8
  • Article   9.12 Non-Disclosure of Information 8
  • Article   9.13 Ensuring Integrity In Procurement Practices 8
  • Article   9.14 Exceptions 8
  • Article   9.15 Domestic Review of Supplier Challenges 8
  • Article   9.16 Modifications and Rectifications to Coverage 8
  • Article   9.17 Definitions 8
  • Chapter   Ten  Investment 8
  • Article   10.1 Scope and Coverage 8
  • Article   10.2 Relation to other Chapters 8
  • Article   10.3 National Treatment 8
  • Article   10.4 Most-favored-nation Treatment 8
  • Article   10.5 Minimum Standard of Treatment 8
  • Article   10.6 Treatment In Case of Strife 8
  • Article   10.7 Expropriation and Compensation 8
  • Article   10.8 Transfers 8
  • Article   10.9 Performance Requirements 8
  • Article   10.10 Senior Management and Boards of Directors 8
  • Article   10.11 Investment and Environment 8
  • Article   10.12 Denial of Benefits 8
  • Article   10.13 Non-conforming Measures 8
  • Article   10.14 Special Formalities and Information Requirements 8
  • Section   B Investor-State Dispute Settlement 8
  • Article   10.15 Consultation and Negotiation 8
  • Article   10.16 Submission of a Claim to Arbitration 8
  • Article   10.17 Consent of Each Party to Arbitration 8
  • Article   10.18 Conditions and Limitations on Consent of Each Party 8
  • Article   10.19 Selection of Arbitrators 8
  • Article   10.20 Conduct of the Arbitration 8
  • Article   10.21 Transparency of Arbitral Proceedings 8
  • Article   10.22 Governing Law 8
  • Article   10.23 Interpretation of Annexes 8
  • Article   10.24 Expert Reports 8
  • Article   10.25 Consolidation 8
  • Article   10.26 Awards 8
  • Article   10.27 Service of Documents 8
  • Section   C Additional Provisions and Definitions 8
  • Article   10.28 Additional Provisions 8
  • Article   10.29 Definitions 8
  • Annex 10-A  Customary International Law 8
  • Annex 10-B  Expropriation 8
  • Annex 10-C  Submission of a Claim to Arbitration 9
  • Annex 10-D  Possibility of a Bilateral Appellate Mechanism 9
  • Annex 10-E  9
  • 10-F  Panama Canal Authority 9
  • Chapter   Eleven  Cross-Border Trade In Services 9
  • Article   11.1 Scope and Coverage 9
  • Article   11. 2 National Treatment 9
  • Article   11.3 Most-Favored-Nation Treatment 9
  • Article   11.4 Market Access 9
  • Article   11.5  Local Presence 9
  • Article   11.6 Non-Conforming Measures 9
  • Article   11.7  Transparency In Developing and Applying Regulations (3) 9
  • Article   11.6 Domestic Regulation 9
  • Article   11.9  Mutual Recognition 9
  • Article   11.10 Transfers and Payments 9
  • Article   11.11  Denial of Benefits 9
  • Article   11.12  Specific Commitments 9
  • Article   11.13  Additional Provisions 9
  • Article   11.14 Implementation 9
  • Article   11.15  Definitions 9
  • Chapter   Twelve  Financial Services 10
  • Article   12.1  Scope and Coverage 10
  • Article   12.2  National Treatment 10
  • Article   12.3  Most-Favored-Nation Treatment 10
  • Article   12.4 Market Access for Financial Institutions 10
  • Article   12.5  Cross-Border Trade 10
  • Article   12.6  New Financial Services (1)  10
  • Article   12.7 Treatment of Certain Information 10
  • Article   12.8  Senior Management and Boards of Directors 10
  • Article   12.9  Non-Conforming Measures 10
  • Article   12.10  Exceptions 10
  • Article   12.11  Transparency 10
  • Article   12.12  Self-Regulatory Organizations 10
  • Article   12.13  Payment and Clearing Systems 10
  • Article   12.14  Domestic Regulation 10
  • Article   12.15  Expedited Availability of Insurance Services 10
  • Article   12.16 Financial Services Committee 10
  • Article   12.17 Consultations 10
  • Article   12.18  Dispute Settlement 10
  • Article   12.19  Investment Disputes In Financial Services 10
  • Article   12.20  Definitions 10
  • Chapter   Thirteen  Telecommunications 11
  • Article   13.1  Scope and Coverage 11
  • Article   13.2  Access to and Use of Public Telecommunications Services 11
  • Article   13.3  Obligations Relating to Suppliers of Public Telecommunications Services (1)  11
  • Article   13.4  Additional Obligations Relating to Major Suppliers of Public  Telecommunications Services (2)  11
  • Article   13.5  Submarine Cable Systems 11
  • Article   13.6 Conditions for the Supply of Information Services 11
  • Article   13.7  Independent Regulatory Bodies (5) and Government-Owned  Telecommunications Suppliers 11
  • Article   13.8 Universal Service 11
  • Article   13.9 Licenses and other Authorizations 11
  • Article   13.10  Allocation and Use of Scarce Resources 11
  • Article   13.11 Enforcement 11
  • Article   13.12  Resolution of Domestic Telecommunications Disputes 11
  • Article   13.13 Transparency 11
  • Article   13.14 Flexibility In the Choice of Technologies 11
  • Article   13.13  Transparency 12
  • Article   13.14  Flexibility In the Choice of Technologies 12
  • Article   13.15  Forbearance 12
  • Article   13.16  Relationship to other Chapters 12
  • Article   13.17  Definitions 12
  • Chapter   Fourteen  Electronic Commerce 12
  • Article   14.1 General 12
  • Article   14.2  Electronic Supply of Services 12
  • Article   14.3 Digital Products 12
  • Article   14.4 Transparency 12
  • Article   14.5 Cooperation 12
  • Article   14.6 Definitions 12
  • Chapter   Fifteen Intellectual Property Rights 12
  • Article   15.1 General Provisions 12
  • Article   15.2 Trademarks 12
  • Article   15.3 Geographical Indications 12
  • Article   15.4 Domain Names on the Internet 13
  • Article   15.5 Obligations Pertaining to Copyright and Related Rights 13
  • Article   15.6 Obligations Pertaining Specifically to Copyright 13
  • Article   15.7 Obligations Pertaining Specifically to Related Rights 13
  • Article   15.8 Protection of Encrypted Program-Carrying Satellite Signals 13
  • Article   15.9 Patents 13
  • Article   15.10 Measures Related to Certain Regulated Products 13
  • Article   15.11 Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights 13
  • Article   15.12 Understandings Regarding Certain Public Health Measures 14
  • Article   15.13 Final Provisions 14
  • Chapter   Sixteen  Labor 14
  • Article   16.1 Statement of Shared Commitment 14
  • Article   16.2 Fundamental Labor Rights 14
  • Article   16.3 Enforcement of Labor Laws 14
  • Article   16.4 Procedural Guarantees and Public Awareness 14
  • Article   16.5 Institutional Arrangements 14
  • Article   16.6 Labor Cooperation and Capacity Building Mechanism 14
  • Article   16.7 Cooperative Labor Consultations 14
  • Article   16.8 Labor Roster 15
  • Article   16.9 Definitions 15
  • Chapter   Seventeen  Environment 15
  • Article   17.1 Levels of Protection 15
  • Article   17.2 Environmental Agreements 15
  • Article   17.3 Enforcement of Environmental Laws 15
  • Article   17.4 Procedural Matters 15
  • Article   17.5 Voluntary Mechanisms to Enhance Environmental Performance 15
  • Article   17.6 Environmental Affairs Council 15
  • Article   17.7 Opportunities for Public Participation 15
  • Article   17.8 Submissions on Enforcement Matters 15
  • Article   17.9 Factual Records and Related Cooperation 15
  • Article   17.10 Environmental Cooperation 15
  • Article   17.11 Collaborative Environmental Consultations and Panel Procedure 15
  • Article   17.12 Environmental Roster 15
  • Article   17.13 Relationship to Environmental Agreements 15
  • Article   17.14 Definitions 16
  • Chapter   Eighteen Transparency 16
  • Section   A Transparency 16
  • Article   18.1 Contact Points 16
  • Article   18.2 Publication 16
  • Article   18.3 Notification and Provision of Information 16
  • Article   18.4 Administrative Proceedings 16
  • Article   18.5 Review and Appeal 16
  • Article   18.6 Definitions 16
  • Section   B Anti-Corruption 16
  • Article   18.7 Statement of Principle 16
  • Article   18.8 Anti-Corruption Measures 16
  • Article   18.9 Cooperation In International Fora 16
  • Article   18.10  Definitions 16
  • Chapter   Nineteen Administration of the Agreement and Trade Capacity Building 16
  • Section   A Administration of the Agreement 16
  • Article   19.1 The Free Trade Commission 16
  • Article   19.2 Free Trade Agreement Coordinators 16
  • Article   19.3 Administration of Dispute Settlement Proceedings 16
  • Section   B Trade Capacity Building 16
  • Article   19.4 Committee on Trade Capacity Building 16
  • Section   C Trade Security 16
  • Article   19.5 Trade Security 16
  • Chapter   Twenty  Dispute Settlement 16
  • Section   A Dispute Settlement 16
  • Article   20.1 Cooperation 16
  • Article   20.2 Scope of Application 16
  • Article   20.3 Choice of Forum 16
  • Article   20.4 Consultations 16
  • Article   20.5 Commission – Good Offices, Conciliation, and Mediation 16
  • Article   20.6 Request for an Arbitral Panel 17
  • Article   20.7 Roster 17
  • Article   20.8 Qualifications of Panelists 17
  • Article   20.9  Panel Selection 17
  • Article   20.10 Rules of Procedure 17
  • Article   20.11 Role of Experts 17
  • Article   20.12 Initial Report 17
  • Article   20.13 Final Report 17
  • Article   20.14 Implementation of Final Report 17
  • Article   20.16 Compliance Review 17
  • Article   20.17 Five-Year Review 17
  • Section   B Domestic Proceedings and Private Commercial Dispute Settlement 17
  • Article   20.18 Referral of Matters from Judicial or Administrative Proceedings 17
  • Article   20.19 Private Rights 17
  • Article   20.20 Alternative Dispute Resolution 17
  • Chapter   Twenty-One Exceptions 17
  • Article   21.1 General Exceptions 17
  • Article   21.2 Essential Security 17
  • Article   21.3 Taxation 17
  • Article   21.4 Balance of Payments Measures on Trade In Goods 17
  • Article   21.5  Disclosure of Information 17
  • Article   21.6 Definitions 17
  • Chapter   Twenty-Two Final Provisions 17
  • Article   22.1 Annexes, Appendices, and Footnotes 17
  • Article   22.2 Amendments 17
  • Article   22.3 Amendment of the WTO Agreement 17
  • Article   22.4 Reservations 17
  • Article   22.5 Entry Into Force and Termination 17
  • Article   22.6 Authentic Texts 18