(h) Promote technical co-operation and the exchange of experience in the field of industrial technology and implement technical training programmes among Member States;
(i) Strengthen the existing multinational institutions, particularly, the African Regional Centre for Technology, the African Regional Centre for Design and Manufacture and the African Industrial Development Fund;
(j) Establish a data and statistical information base to serve industrial development at the regional and continental levels;
(k) Promote South-South and North-South co-operation for the attainment of industrialisation objectives in Africa;
(l) Promote industrial specialisation in order to enhance the complementarity of African economies and expand the intraCommunity trade base, due account being taken of national and regional resource endowments; and
(m) Adopt common standards and appropriate quality control systems, which are crucial to industrial co-operation and integration.
Article 50. Protocol on Industry
For the purposes of Articles 48 and 49 of this Treaty, Member States agree to cooperate in accordance with the provisions of the Protocol on Industry.
Article 51. Science and Technology
1. Member States shall:
(a) Strengthen scientific and technological capabilities in order to bring about the socio-economic transformation required to improve the quality of life of their population, particularly that of the rural populations;
(b) Ensure the proper application of science and technology to the development of agriculture, transport and communications, industry, health and hygiene, energy, education and manpower and the conservation of the environment;
(c) Reduce their dependence and promote their individual and collective technological self-reliance;
(d) Cooperate in the development, acquisition and dissemination of appropriate technologies; and
(e) Strengthen existing scientific research institutions and, where they do not exist, establish new institutions.
2. In the context of co-operation in this field, Member States shall:
(a) Harmonize, at the Community level, their national policies on scientific and technological research with a view to facilitating their integration into the national economic and social development plans;
(b) Coordinate their programmes in applied research, research for development and scientific and technological services;
(c) Harmonize their national technological development plans by placing special emphasis on local technologies as well as their regulations on industrial property and transfer of technology;
(c) Coordinate their positions on all scientific and technical questions forming the subject of international negotiations;
(e) Carry out a permanent exchange of information and documentation and establish community data networks and data banks;
(f) Develop joint programmes for training scientific and technological cadres, including the training and further training of skilled manpower;
(g) Promote exchanges of researchers and specialists among Member States in order to make full use of the technical skills available within the Community; and
(h) Revise the educational systems in order to better educational, scientific and technical training to the specific developmental needs of the African environment.
Article 52. Scientific Research and Technological Programmes
Member States shall take all necessary measures to prepare and implement joint scientific research and technological development programmes.
Article 53. Protocol on Science and Technology
For the purposes of Articles 51 and 52 of this Treaty, Member States agree to cooperate in accordance with the provisions of the Protocol on Science and Technology.
Article 54. Energy and Natural Resources
1. Member States shall coordinate and harmonize their policies and programmes in the field of energy and natural resources.
2. To this end, they shall:
(a) Ensure the effective development of the continent's energy and natural resources;
(b) Establish appropriate co-operation mechanisms with a view to ensuring a regular supply of hydrocarbons;
(c) Promote the development of new and renewable energy in the framework of the policy of diversification of sources of energy;
(d) Harmonize their national energy development plans;
(e) Articulate a common energy policy, particularly, in the field of research, exploitation, production and distribution;
(f) Establish an adequate mechanism of concerted action and coordination for the collective solution of the energy development problems within the Community, particularly, those relating to energy transmission, the shortage of skilled technicians and financial resources for the implementation of energy projects of Member States; and
(g) Promote the continuous training of skilled manpower.
Article 55. Energy
1. Member States shall cooperate in the following fields:
(a) Mineral and water resources;
(b) Nuclear energy;
(c) New and renewable energy.
2. They shall further:
(a) Seek better knowledge and undertake an assessment of their natural resources potential;
(b) Reduce progressively their dependence on transnational enterprises in the development of such resources, particularly through mastering exploration techniques; and
(c) Improve methods of pricing and marketing raw materials.
Article 56. Natural Resources
In order to promote co-operation in the area of natural resources and energy, Member States shall:
(a) Exchange information on the prospection, mapping, production and processing of mineral resources, as well as on the prospection, exploitation and distribution of water resources;
(b) Coordinate their programmes for development and utilisation of mineral and water resources;
(c) Promote vertical and horizontal inter-industrial relationships, which may be established among Member States in the course of developing such resources;
(d) Coordinate their positions in all international negotiations on raw materials;
(e) Develop a system of transfer of know-how and exchange of scientific, technical and economic data in remote sensing among Member States; and
(f) Prepare and implement joint training and further training programmes for cadres in order to develop the human resources and the appropriate local technological capabilities required for the exploration, exploitation and processing of mineral and water resources.
Article 57. Protocol on Energy and Natural Resources
For the purposes of Articles 54, 55 and 56 of this Treaty, Member States shall cooperate in accordance with the provisions of the Protocol on Energy and Natural Resources.
Article 58. Environment
1. Member States undertake to promote a healthy environment. To this end, they shall adopt national, regional and continental policies, strategies and programmes and establish appropriate institutions for the protection and enhancement of the environment.
2. For the purposes of this paragraph 1 of this Article, Member States shall take the necessary measures to accelerate the reform and innovation process leading to ecologically rational, economically sound and socially acceptable development policies and programmes.
Article 59. Control of Hazardous Wastes
Member States undertake, individually and collectively, to take every appropriate step to ban the importation and dumping of hazardous wastes in their respective territories. They further undertake to cooperate in the transboundary movement, management and processing of such wastes produced in Africa.
Article 60. Protocol on the Environment
For the purposes of Articles 58 and 59 of this Treaty, Member States shall cooperate in accordance with the provisions of the Protocol on the Environment.
Chapter X. Transport, Communication and Tourism
Article 61. Transport and Communications
1. In order to achieve a harmonious and integrated development of the continental transport and communications network, Member States shall undertake to:
(a) Promote the integration of transport and communications infrastructure;
(b) Coordinate the various modes of transport in order to increase their efficiency;
(c) Harmonize progressively their rules and regulations relating to transport and communications;
(d) Encourage the use of local material and human resources, standardisation of networks and equipment, research and the popularisation of infrastructural construction techniques as well as adapted equipment and materials;
(e) Expand, modernize and maintain transport and communications infrastructures by means of mobilising the necessary technological and financial resources;
(f) Promote the creation of regional industries for the production of transport and communications equipment; and
(g) Organize, structure and promote, at regional and Community levels, passenger and goods transport services.
2. To this end, Member States shall:
(a) Draw up co-ordinated programmes to restructure the road transport sector for purposes of establishing inter-State links and the construction of major transcontinental trunk roads;
(b) Prepare plans to improve, re-organize and standardise the various rail networks of Member States with a view to their inter-connection and construct new railways as part of a Pan-African network;
(c) Harmonize:
(i) Their policies on maritime, inter-State lake and river transport;
(ii) Their air transport policies;
(iii) Their programmes on the training and further training of specialised cadres in transport and communications;
(d) Modernize and standardise their transport and communications equipment in order to permit Member States to be linked with one another and with the outside world;
(e) Promote proper integration of air transport in Africa and coordinate flight schedules; and
(f) Coordinate and harmonize their transport policies at regional and Community levels in order to eliminate non-physical barriers that hamper the free movement of goods, services and persons.
Article 62. Community Enterprises In the Field of Transport
1. Member States shall encourage the establishment of Community and African multinational enterprises in the fields of maritime, rail, road, inland waterways and air transport.
2. The expression Community and multinational enterprises and the legal status thereof shall be as defined in the relevant Protocol.
Article 63. Posts and Telecommunications
1. In the field of Posts, Member States undertake to:
(a) Establish a Pan-African Postal Network;
(b) Adopt a policy of rationalisation and maximisation of conveyance of mail;
(c) Ensure that the Post has a legal status, an efficient management system and the resources necessary for providing reliable services to meet customer demands; and
(d) Create customer-oriented and competitive services.
2. In the field of Telecommunications, Member States shall:
(a) Develop, modernize, coordinate and standardise their national telecommunications networks in order to provide reliable interconnection among Member States;
(b) Establish a Pan-African Telecommunications Network and ensure its utilisation and maintenance;
(c) Establish a Pan-African system of communications by satellite in order to improve telecommunications, particularly in rural areas.
3. Member States further undertake to provide efficient and regular Post and Telecommunication services within the Community, and to develop close collaboration among Post and Telecommunications administrations.
4. In order to attain the objectives set out in this Article, Member States shall also encourage the establishment of private companies for post and telecommunications services.
Article 64. Broadcasting
1. Member States undertake to:
(a) Coordinate their efforts and pool their resources in order to promote the exchange of radio and television programmes at bilateral, regional and continental levels;
(b) Encourage the establishment of programme exchange centres at regional and continental levels. In this connection, Member States shall strengthen the activities and operations of existing programme exchange centres; and
(c) Use their broadcasting and television systems in order to further close co-operation and better understanding among their peoples and, in particular, to promote the objectives of the Community.
2. Member States further undertake to collect, disseminate and exchange meteorological information at the continental level, particularly with regard to the development of early warning systems for the prevention of natural disasters and for ensuring safety in aerial, coastal and inland navigation.
Article 65. Tourism
1. For the purpose of ensuring the harmonious and profitable development of tourism in Africa, Member States undertake to:
(a) Strengthen intra-African co-operation in tourism, particularly through:
(i) The promotion of intra-African tourism;
(ii) The harmonisation and co-ordination of tourism development policies, plans and programmes; and
(iii) Joint promotion of tourism products representing Africa's natural and socio-cultural values.
(b) Promote the establishment of efficient tourism enterprises adapted to the needs of the African people and attractive to foreign tourists, through:
(i) The adoption of measures designed to promote investment in tourism with a view to the establishment of competitive African tourist enterprises;
(ii) Adoption of measures designed to develop and utilise human resources for tourism in Africa; and
(iii) Strengthening or establishment of high-level tourism training institutions where necessary.
2. Member States shall adopt all requisite measures for the development of African tourism that takes due account of the human and natural environment and the well-being of the African peoples and which contribute effectively to the implementation of the continent's political and socioeconomic integration and development.
Article 66. Protocol on Transport, Communication and Tourism
For the purposes of this Chapter, Member States undertake to cooperate in accordance with the provisions of the Protocol on Transport, Communications and Tourism.
Chapter XI. Standardisation and Measurement Systems
Article 67. Common Policy on Standardisation and Measurement Systems
1. Member States agree to:
(a) Adopt a common policy on standardisation and quality assurance of goods and services among Member States;
(b) Undertake such other related activities in standardisation and measurement systems that are likely to promote trade, economic development and integration within the Community; and
(c) Strengthen African national, regional and continental organisations operating in this field.
2. For the purposes of this Chapter, Member States agree to cooperate in accordance with the provisions of the Protocol concerning Standardisation, Quality Assurance and Measurement Systems.
Chapter XII. Education, Training and Culture
Article 68. Education and Training
1. Member States shall strengthen co-operation among themselves in the field of education and training and coordinate and harmonize their policies in this field for the purpose of training persons capable of fostering the changes necessary for enhancing social progress and the development of the Continent.
2. For the purposes of paragraph 1 of this Article, Member States undertake to:
(a) Improve the efficiency of existing educational systems by promoting the training of trainers and using appropriate methods and aids;
(b) Cooperate in the strengthening of existing regional and Community training institutions and where necessary, establish new institutions, preferably through the strengthening of appropriate existing national and regional institutions;
(c) Prepare, coordinate and harmonize joint training programmes with a view to adapting them to development needs thereby ensuring progressively self-sufficiency in skilled personnel;
(d) Promote the systematic exchange of experience and information on education policy and planning; and
(e) Take appropriate measures to stop the brain-drain from the Community and encourage the return of qualified professionals and skilled manpower to their countries of origin.
Article 69. Culture
Member states shall:
(a) Pursue the objectives of the Cultural Charter for Africa;
(b) Promote and propagate endogenous African cultural value;
(c) Make every effort to preserve and recover their cultural heritage;
(d) Ensure that development policies adequately reflect their socio-cultural values in order to consolidate their cultural identity
(e) Exchange their cultural programmes and their experiences, particularly in art, literature, entertainment, sports and leisure activities; and
(f) Promote and develop sports programmes and activities at all levels as factors of integration.
Article 70. Protocol on Education, Training and Culture
For the purposes of this Chapter, Member States agree to cooperate in accordance with the provisions of the Protocol on Education, Training and Culture.
Chapter XIII. Human Resources, Social Affairs, Health and Population
Article 71. Human Resources
1. Member States agree to cooperate with a view to developing, planning and utilising their human resources.
2. To this end, they undertake to:
(a) Adopt and promote a common policy on planning, programming, professional training and harmonize their employment and income policies;
(b) Coordinate their policies and activities in the fields of training, planning and career guidance and counselling;