Canada - Korea, Republic of FTA (2014)
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For the purposes of this entry, hag-won (private teaching institutes for adults) are facilities that provide tutoring services on subjects related to lifelong or vocational education to 10 people or more for a period of 30 days or longer.

A foreign national hired by a private teaching institute for adults as a lecturer must possess at least a bachelor’s degree or the equivalent and reside in Korea.

35. Sector: Education Services – Vocational Competency Development Training Services

Obligations Concerned: Local Presence (Article 9.5)

Measures: Workers’ Vocational Competency Development Act (Law No. 11690, 23 March 2013), Articles 28, 32, and 36

Enforcement Decree of the Workers’ Vocational Competency Development Act (Presidential Decree No. 24628, 21 June 2013), Articles 24 and 26

Enforcement Regulation of theWorkers’ Vocational Competency Development Act (Ordinance of the Ministry of Employment and Labor No. 57, 8 June 2012), Articles 12, 14, and 18

Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services

A person that supplies vocational competency development training services must establish an office in Korea.

36. Sector: Veterinary Services

Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 9.4)

Local Presence (Article 9.5)

Measures: Veterinary Affairs Act (Law No. 11354, 22 February 2012), Articles 17, 22-2, 22-4, and 22-5

Civil Act (Law No. 11728, 5 April 2013), Article 32

Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services

Only a person that is a licensed soo-eui-sa (veterinarian) that has established an office in Korea, dong-mul-jin-ryo-bub-in (animal hospital legal entity) or bee-young-ri-bub-in (non-profit legal entity) may engage in veterinary or aquatic animal disease inspection services.

37. Sector: Environmental Services – Waste Water Treatment Services, Waste Management Services, Air Pollution Treatment Services, Environmental Preventive Facilities Business, Environmental Impact Assessment, Soil Remediation and Groundwater Purification Services, and Toxic Chemical Control Services

Obligations Concerned: Local Presence (Article 9.5)

Measures: Water Quality and Ecosystem Conservation Act (Law No. 11915, 16 July 2013), Article 62

Support for Environmental Technology and Environmental Industry Act (Law No. 11713, 23 March 2013), Article 15

Soil Environment Conservation Act (Law No. 11464, 1 June 2012), Article 23-7

Groundwater Act (Law No. 11803, 22 May 2013), Article 29-2

Clean Air Conservation Act (Law No. 11750, 5 April 2013), Article 68

Environmental Impact Assessment Act (Law No. 11690, 23 March 2013), Article 54

Toxic Chemicals Control Act (Law No. 11690, 23 March 2013), Article 20

Wastes Control Act (Law No. 11965, 30 July 2013), Article 25

Enforcement Decree of the Wastes Control Act (Presidential Decree No. 24543, 28 May 2013), Article 8

Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services

A person that supplies the environmental services listed in the Sector heading must establish an office in Korea.

38. Sector: Performance Services

Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 9.2)

Measures: Public Performance Act (Law No. 11048, 15 September 2011), Articles 6 and 7

Enforcement Decree of the Public Performance Act (Presidential Decree No. 23759, 1 May 2012), Articles 4 and 6

Enforcement Regulations of the Public Performance Act (Ordinance of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism No. 94, 25 November 2011), Article 4

Enforcement Regulations of the Immigration Control Act (Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice No. 799, 10 October 2013), Table 5

Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services

A foreign person who intends to engage in a public performance in Korea, or a person who intends to invite a foreign person to engage in a public performance in Korea must obtain a recommendation from the Korea Media Rating Board.

39. Sector: News Agency (News-tong-sin-sa) Services

Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Articles 8.3 and 9.2)

Senior Management and Boards of Directors (Article 8.7)

Market Access (Article 9.4)

Local Presence (Article 9.5)

Measures: Act on Promotion of News Communications (Law No. 11690, 23 March 2013), Articles 7, 8, 9, 9-5, 16, and 28

Enforcement Decree of the Act on Promotion of News Communications (Presidential Decree No. 24183, 20 November 2012), Articles 4 and 10

Radio Waves Act (Law No. 11712, 23 March 2013), Article 20

Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services and Investment

A news-tong-sin-sa (news agency) organised under foreign law may supply news-tong-sin (news communications) in Korea only under a contract with a news agency organised under Korean law, which has a radio station license, such as Yonhap News.

The following persons may not supply news agency services in Korea:

(a) a foreign government;

(b) a foreign person;

(c) an enterprise organised under Korean law whose dae-pyo-ja (representative: for example, a chief executive officer, president, or similar principal senior officer) is not a Korean national or is a person not domiciled in Korea; or

(d) an enterprise organised under Korean law in which a foreign person holds 25 percent or more equity interest.

The following persons may not serve as a dae-pyo-ja (representative: for example, a chief executive officer, president, or similar principal senior officer) or editor of a news agency, or serve as im-won (a member of the board of directors) of Yonhap News or the News Agency Promotion Committee:

(a) a foreign national; or

(b) a Korean national not domiciled in Korea.

A foreign news agency may establish a branch or office in Korea for the sole purpose of collecting news. For greater certainty, such branch or office may not distribute news-tong-sin (news communications) in Korea.

The following persons may not obtain a radio station license:

(a) a foreign national;

(b) a foreign government or its representative; or

(c) an enterprise organised under foreign law.

For greater certainty, this entry is without prejudice to the scope and application of Article 22.6 (Cultural Industries).

40. Sector: Manufacturing of Biological Products

Obligations Concerned: Performance Requirements (Article 8.8)

Measures: Pharmaceutical Affairs Act (Law No. 12074, 13 August 2013), Article 42

Regulations on Safety of Pharmaceuticals, Etc. (Ordinance of the Prime Minister No. 1022, 23 March 2013), Article 11

Description: Investment

A person who manufactures blood products must procure raw blood materials from a blood management body in Korea.

41. Sector: Distribution Services – Agriculture and Livestock

Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Articles 8.3 and 9.2)

Market Access (Article 9.4)

Measures: Grain Management Act (Law No. 11641, 22 March 2013), Article 12

Livestock Industry Act (Law No. 11690, 23 March 2013), Articles 30 and 34

Seed Industry Act (Law No. 11704, 23 March 2013), Article 142

Feed Management Act (Law No. 11690, 23 March 2013), Article 6

Ginseng Industry Act (Law No. 11690, 23 March 2013), Article 20

Foreign Investment Promotion Act (Law No. 11535, 11 December 2012), Article 4

Enforcement Decree of the Foreign Investment Promotion Act (Presidential Decree No. 24638, 28 June 2013), Article 5

Regulations on Foreign Investment and Introduction of Technology (Notice of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy,No. 2013-37, 30 May 2013), Attached table 2

Act on Distribution and Price Stabilization of Agricultural and Fishery Products (Law No. 12059, 13 August 2013), Articles 15, 17, and 43

Notice on TRQ Products (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Notice No. 2013-29, 16 May 2013), Articles 14 and 20-2

Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services and Investment

A foreign person shall not hold 50 percent or more of the shares or equity interest of an enterprise engaged in yook-ryu (meat) wholesale.

Only the Livestock Cooperatives under the Agriculture Cooperative Act may establish and manage a ga-chook-sijang (livestock market) in Korea.

Only a local government may establish a gong-yeong-domae-sijang (public wholesale market).

Only producers’ organisations or public interest corporations prescribed in the Enforcement Decree of the Act on Distribution and Price Stabilization of Agricultural and Fishery Products may establish a gong-pan-jang (joint wholesale market).

For greater certainty, Articles 9.2 (National Treatment) and 9.4 (Market Access) do not prevent Korea from adopting or maintaining any measure with respect to the administration of the WTO Tariff-Rate-Quota.

42. Sector: Energy Industry – Electric Power Generation Other Than Nuclear Power Generation; Electric Power Transmission, Distribution and Sales

Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 8.3) (2)

Measures: Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act (Law No. 11845, 28 May 2013), Article 168

Enforcement Decree of the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act (Presidential Decree No. 24697, 27 August 2013), Article 187

Foreign Investment Promotion Act (Law No. 11535, 11 December 2012), Articles 4 and 5

Enforcement Decreeof the Foreign Investment Promotion Act (Presidential Decree No. 24638, 28 June 2013), Article 5

Consolidated Public Notice for Foreign Investment (Public Notice of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy No. 2013-102, 27 May 2013), Attached table

Designation of Public Corporation (Notice of the Ministry of Finance and Economy, No. 2000-17, 28 September 2000)

Financial Investment Service Regulations (Financial Services Commission Notice No. 2013-40, 4 December 2013), Sec. 6-2

Description: Investment

The aggregate foreign share of Korea Electric Power Corporation’s (KEPCO) issued stocks shall not exceed 40 percent. A foreign person may not become the largest shareholder of KEPCO.

The aggregate foreign share of power generating facilities, including cogeneration facilities of heat and power (GHP) for the district heating system (DHS), shall not exceed 30 percent of the total facilities in the territory of Korea.

The aggregate foreign share of electric power transmission, distribution and sales businesses should be less than 50 percent. A foreign person shall not be the largest shareholder.

43. Sector: Energy Industry – Gas Industry

Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 8.3) (2)

Measures: Act on the Improvement of Managerial Structure and Privatization of Public Enterprises (Law No. 11845, 28 May 2013), Article 19

Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act (Law No. 11845, 28 May 2013), Article 168

Foreign Investment Promotion Act (Law No. 11535, 11 December 2012), Articles 4 and 5

Articles of Incorporation of the Korea Gas Corporation (9 August 2013), Article 11

Description: Investment

Foreign persons, in the aggregate, shall not own more than 30 percent of the equity of Korea Gas Corporation KOGAS).

(2) Paragraph (a) of the eighth entry of Korea’s Schedule to Annex II does not apply to this entry.

Annex II. Reservations for Future Measures

Schedule of Canada. Explanatory Notes

1. Canada's Schedule to this Annex sets out, pursuant to Articles 8.9.2 and 9.6.2, the specific sectors, sub-sectors, or activities for which Canada may maintain existing, or adopt new or more restrictive, measures that do not conform with obligations imposed by:

(a) Article 8.3 (National Treatment) or 9.2 (National Treatment);

(b) Article 8.4 (Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment) or 9.3 (Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment);

(c) Article 8.7 (Senior Management and Boards of Directors);

(d) Article 8.8 (Performance Requirements);

(e) Article 9.4 (Market Access); or

(f) Article 9.5 (Local Presence).

2. Each reservation sets out the following elements:

(a) Sector refers to the general sector in which the reservation is taken;

(b) Sub-sector refers, where applicable, to the specific sector in which the reservation is taken;

(c) Industry Classification refers, where applicable, to the activity covered by the reservation according to domestic industry classification codes;

(d) Type of Reservation specifies the obligation referred to in paragraph 1 for which a reservation is taken;

(e) Description sets out the scope of the sector, sub-sector, or activities covered by the reservation; and

(f) Existing Measures identifies, for transparency purposes, existing measures that apply to the sector, sub-sector or activities covered by the reservation.

3. In accordance with Articles 8.9.2 and 9.6.2, the Articles of this Agreement specified in the Type of Reservation element of a reservation do not apply to the sectors, sub-sectors, and activities identified in the Description element of that reservation.

4. In the interpretation of a reservation, all elements of the reservation, with the exception of Industry Classification, shall be considered. The Description element shall prevail over all other elements.

5. For the purposes of this Annex:

CPC means Central Product Classification (CPC) numbers as set out in Statistical Office of the United Nations, Statistical Papers, Series M, No. 77, Provisional Central Product Classification, 1991; and

SIC means Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) numbers as set out in Statistics Canada, Standard Industrial Classification, fourth edition, 1980.

6. For greater certainty, National Treatment (Article 9.2) and Local Presence (Article 9.5) are separate disciplines and a measure that is only inconsistent with Local Presence (Article 9.5) need not be reserved against National Treatment (Article 9.2).

Annex II. Schedule of Canada

Sector: Aboriginal Affairs

Sub-sector:

Industry Classification:

Type of Reservation: National Treatment (Articles 8.3 and 9.2)

Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment (Articles 8.4 and 9.3)

Local Presence (Article 9.5)

Senior Management and Boards of Directors (Article 8.7)

Performance Requirements (Article 8.8)

Description: Cross-Border Trade in Services and Investment

Canada reserves the right to adopt or maintain a measure denying investors of Korea and their investments, or service providers of Korea, rights or preferences provided to aboriginal peoples.

Existing Measure: Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B of the Canada Act 1982 (U.K.), 1982, c. 11

Sector: All Sectors

Sub-sector:

Industry Classification:

Type of Reservation: National Treatment (Article 8.3)

Description: Investment

Canada reserves the right to adopt or maintain a measure relating to residency requirements for the ownership of oceanfront land by investors of Korea, or their investments.

Existing Measures:

Sector: Fisheries

  • Chapter   One Initial Provisions and General Definitions 1
  • Section   A Initial Provisions 1
  • Article   1.1 Establishment of a Free Trade Area 1
  • Article   1.2 Relation to other Agreements 1
  • Article   1.3 Relation to Multilateral Environmental Agreements 1
  • Article   1.4 Extent of Obligations 1
  • Article   1.5 Reference to other Agreements 1
  • Article   1.6 Cultural Cooperation 1
  • Article   1.7 Bilateral Trade and Investment Promotion In the Automotive Sector 1
  • Section   B General Definitions 1
  • Article   18 Definitions of General Application 1
  • Article   1.9 Country-specific Definitions 1
  • Annex 1-A  Multilateral Environmental Agreements 1
  • Chapter   Two National Treatment and Market Access for Goods 1
  • Article   2.1 Scope and Coverage 1
  • Article   2.2 National Treatment 1
  • Article   2.3 Tariff Elimination 1
  • Article   2.4 Temporary Admission of Goods 1
  • Article   2.5 Duty-free Entry of Certain Commercial Samples and Printed Advertising Materials 1
  • Article   2.6 Goods Re-entered after Repair or Alteration 2
  • Article   2.7 Import and Export Restrictions 2
  • Article   2.8 Export Duties, Taxes or other Charges 2
  • Article   2.9 Most-favoured-nation Treatment for Internal Taxes and Emissions Regulations 2
  • Article   2.10 Customs User Fees 2
  • Article   2.11 Customs Valuation Agreement 2
  • Article   2.12 Agricultural Safeguard Measures 2
  • Article   2.13 Administration and Implementation of Trqs 2
  • Article   2.14 Committee on Trade In Goods 2
  • Article   2.15 Definitions 2
  • Chapter   Three Rules of Origin 2
  • Article   3.1 Originating Goods 2
  • Article   3.2 Wholly Obtained 2
  • Article   3.3 Sufficient Production 2
  • Article   3.4 Value Test 2
  • Article   3.5 Materials Used In Production 2
  • Article   3.6 Self-produced Materials 2
  • Article   3.7 Accumulation 2
  • Article   3.8 De Minimis 2
  • Article   3.9 Fungible Materials and Goods 3
  • Article   3.10 Sets or Assortments of Goods 3
  • Article   3.11 Accessories, Spare Parts and Tools 3
  • Article   3.12 Packaging Materials and Containers for Retail Sale 3
  • Article   3.13 Packing Materials and Containers for Shipment 3
  • Article   3.14 Indirect Materials 3
  • Article   3.15 Principle of Territoriality 3
  • Article   3.16 Transit and Transhipment 3
  • Article   3.17 Application and Interpretation 3
  • Article   3.18 Discussions and Modifications 3
  • Article   3.19 Common Guidelines 3
  • Article   3.20 Definitions 3
  • Chapter   Four Origin Procedures and Trade Facilitation 3
  • Article   4.1 Certificate of Origin 3
  • Article   4.2 Obligations Regarding Importations 3
  • Article   4.3 Waiver of Certificate of Origin 3
  • Article   4.4 Obligations Regarding Exportations 3
  • Article   4.5 Record Keeping Requirements 3
  • Article   4.6 Origin Verifications 3
  • Article   4.7 Denial of Preferential Tariff Treatment 4
  • Article   4.8 Confidentiality 4
  • Article   4.9 Penalties 4
  • Article   4.10 Advance Rulings 4
  • Article   4.11 Review and Appeal 4
  • Article   4.12 Uniform Regulations 4
  • Article   4.13 Cooperation 4
  • Article   4.14 Rules of Origin and Customs Committee 4
  • Article   4.15 Objectives and Principles 4
  • Article   4.16 Release of Goods 4
  • Article   4.17 Automation 4
  • Article   4.18 Risk Management 4
  • Article   4.19 Express Shipments 4
  • Article   4.20 Transparency 4
  • Article   4.21 Definitions 5
  • Chapter   Five Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 5
  • Article   5.1 Objectives 5
  • Article   5.2 Scope 5
  • Article   5.3 Rights and Obligations of the Parties 5
  • Article   5.4 Dispute Settlement 5
  • Article   5.5 Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 5
  • Chapter   Six Standards-related Measures 5
  • Article   6.1 Scope and Coverage 5
  • Article   6.2 Extent of Obligations 5
  • Article   6.3 Affirmation of the WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade and other International Agreements 5
  • Article   6.4 Cooperation 5
  • Article   6.5 Cooperation In Sector-specific Initiatives 5
  • Article   6.6 Transparency 5
  • Article   6.7 Automotive Standards-related Measures 5
  • Article   6.8 Committee on Standards-related Measures 5
  • Article   6.9 Definitions 5
  • Chapter   Seven Trade Remedies 5
  • Section   A Safeguard Measures 5
  • Article   7.1 Article XIX of the Gatt 1994 and the Safeguards Agreement 5
  • Article   7.2 Bilateral Safeguard Measures 5
  • Article   7.3 Provisional Safeguard Measures 6
  • Article   7.4 Application of Safeguard Measures 6
  • Article   7.5 Administration of Safeguard Measures 6
  • Article   7.6 Dispute Settlement In Safeguard Measures Matters 6
  • Section   B Antidumping and Countervailing Duties 6
  • Article   7.7 Antidumping and Countervailing Duties 6
  • Section   C Committee on Trade Remedies 6
  • Article   7.8 Committee on Trade Remedies 6
  • Section   D Definitions 6
  • Article   7.9 Definitions 6
  • Chapter   Eight Investment 6
  • Section   A Investment 6
  • Article   8.1 Scope and Coverage 6
  • Article   8.2 Relation to other Chapters 6
  • Article   8.3 National Treatment 6
  • Article   8.4 Most-favoured-nation Treatment  (1) (2)  6
  • Article   8.5 Minimum Standard of Treatment  (3) 6
  • Article   8.6 Compensation for Losses 6
  • Article   8.7 Senior Management and Boards of Directors 6
  • Article   8.8 Performance Requirements 6
  • Article   8.9 Non-conforming Measures 6
  • Article   8.10 Investment and Environment 6
  • Article   811 Expropriation and Compensation  (9) 6
  • Article   8.12 Transfers 7
  • Article   8.13 Subrogation 7
  • Article   8.14 Denial of Benefits 7
  • Article   8.15 Special Formalities and Information Requirements 7
  • Article   8.16 Corporate Social Responsibility 7
  • Section   B Investor-State Dispute Settlement 7
  • Article   8.17 Purpose 7
  • Article   8.18 Claim by an Investor of a Party on Its Own Behalf 7
  • Article   8.19 Claim by an Investor of a Party on Behalf of an Enterprise 7
  • Article   8.20 Notice of Intent to Submit a Claim to Arbitration 7
  • Article   8.21 Consultation and Negotiation 7
  • Article   8.22 Conditions Precedent to Submission of a Claim to Arbitration 7
  • Article   8.23 Submission of a Claim to Arbitration 7
  • Article   8.24 Consent to Arbitration 7
  • Article   8.25 Arbitrators 7
  • Article   8.26 Constitution of a Tribunal by the Secretary-general 7
  • Article   8.27 Agreement to Appointment of Arbitrators 7
  • Article   8.28 Consolidation 7
  • Article   8.29 Notice to the Non-disputing Party 7
  • Article   8.30 Documents 7
  • Article   8.31 Participation by the Non-disputing Party 7
  • Article   8.32 Place of Arbitration 7
  • Article   8.33 Language of Proceedings 7
  • Article   8.34 Preliminary Objections to Jurisdiction or Admissibility 7
  • Article   8.35 Transparency of Arbitral Proceedings 7
  • Article   8.36 Submissions by a Non-disputing Party 8
  • Article   8.37 Governing Law 8
  • Article   8.38 Interpretation of Annexes 8
  • Article   8.39 Expert Reports 8
  • Article   8.40 Interim Measures of Protection 8
  • Article   8.41 Final Award 8
  • Article   8.42 Finality and Enforcement of an Award 8
  • Article   8.43 Procedural and other Matters 8
  • Article   8.44 Exclusions 8
  • Article   8.45 Definitions 8
  • Annex 8-A  Customary International Law 8
  • Annex 8_B  Expropriation 8
  • Annex 8-C  Submission of a Claim to Arbitration 8
  • Annex 8-D  Submissions by Non-Disputing Parties 8
  • Annex 8-E  Possibility of a Bilateral Appellate Mechanism 8
  • Annex 8-F  Exclusions from Dispute Settlement 8
  • Chapter   Nine Cross-border Trade In Services 8
  • Article   9.1 Scope and Coverage 8
  • Article   9.2 National Treatment 9
  • Article   9.3 Most-favoured-nation Treatment 9
  • Article   9.4 Market Access 9
  • Article   9.5 Local Presence 9
  • Article   9.6 Non-conforming Measures 9
  • Article   9.7 Domestic Regulation 9
  • Article   9.8 Recognition 9
  • Article   9.9 Temporary Licensing 9
  • Article   9.10 Denial of Benefits 9
  • Article   9.11 Payments and Transfers 9
  • Article   9.12 Definitions 9
  • Chapter   Ten Financial Services 9
  • Article   101 Scope and Coverage 9
  • Article   10.2 National Treatment 9
  • Article   10.3 Most-favoured-nation Treatment 9
  • Article   10.4 Market Access for Financial Institutions 9
  • Article   10.5 Cross-border Trade  (2) 9
  • Article   10.6 New Financial Services  (3) 9
  • Article   10.7 Treatment of Certain Information 9
  • Article   10.8 Senior Management and Boards of Directors  (4) 9
  • Article   10.9 Non-conforming Measures 9
  • Article   10.10 Exceptions 10
  • Article   10.11 Transparency 10
  • Article   10.12 Self-regulatory Organisations 10
  • Article   10.13 Payment and Clearing Systems 10
  • Article   10.14 Recognition 10
  • Article   10.15 Specific Commitments 10
  • Article   1016 Financial Services Committee 10
  • Article   10.17 Consultations 10
  • Article   10.18 Dispute Settlement 10
  • Article   10.19 Investor-state Dispute Settlement In Financial Services 10
  • Article   10.20 Definitions 10
  • Chapter   Eleven Telecommunications 10
  • Article   11.1 Scope and Coverage 10
  • Article   11.2 Access to and Use of Public Telecommunications Transport Networks and Services 10
  • Article   11.3 Licensing Procedure 10
  • Article   11.4 Conduct of Major Suppliers 11
  • Article   11.5 Universal Service 11
  • Article   11.6 Allocation and Use of Scarce Resources 11
  • Article   11.7 Regulatory Body 11
  • Article   11.8 Enforcement 11
  • Article   11.9 Resolution of Domestic Telecommunication Disputes 11
  • Article   11.10 Transparency 11
  • Article   11.11 Forbearance 11
  • Article   11.12 Conditions for the Provision of Value-added Services 11
  • Article   11.13 Relation to other Chapters 11
  • Article   11.14 Relation to International Organisations and Agreements 11
  • Article   11.15 Definitions 11
  • Chapter   Twelve Temporary Entry for Business Persons 11
  • Article   12.1 General Principles 11
  • Article   12.2 General Obligations 11
  • Article   12.3 Grant of Temporary Entry 11
  • Article   12.4 Provision of Information 11
  • Article   12.5 Contact Points 11
  • Article   12.6 Dispute Settlement 11
  • Article   12.7 Relation to other Chapters 11
  • Article   12.8 Definitions 11
  • Chapter   Thirteen Electronic Commerce 11
  • Article   13.1 Scope of Application 11
  • Article   13.2 General Provisions 11
  • Article   13.3 Customs Duties 11
  • Article   13.4 Protection of Personal Information 11
  • Article   13.5 Paperless Trade Administration 11
  • Article   13.6 Consumer Protection 12
  • Article   13.7 Cooperation 12
  • Article   13.8 Relation to other Chapters 12
  • Article   13.9 Definitions 12
  • Chapter   Fourteen Government Procurement 12
  • Article   14.1 Objectives 12
  • Article   14.2 Existing Rights and Obligations 12
  • Article   14.3 Scope 12
  • Article   14.4 Modifications and Rectifications 12
  • Article   14.5 Further Negotiations 12
  • Article   14.6 Committee on Government Procurement 12
  • Article   14.7 Entry Into Force 12
  • Chapter   Fifteen Competition Policy, Monopolies and State Enterprises 12
  • Article   15.1 Competition Law and Policy 12
  • Article   15.2 Monopolies  (1) 12
  • Article   15.3 State Enterprises 12
  • Article   15.4 Differences In Pricing 12
  • Article   15.5 Definitions 12
  • Chapter   Sixteen Intellectual Property 12
  • Article   16.1 Objectives 12
  • Article   16.2 Scope of Intellectual Property 12
  • Article   16.3 Affirmation of International Agreement 12
  • Article   16.4 Nature and Scope of Obligation 12
  • Article   16.5 Public Health Concerns 12
  • Article   16.6 National Treatment 12
  • Article   16.7 Exhaustion 12
  • Article   16.8 Disclosure of Information 12
  • Article   16.9 Trademarks 12
  • Article   16.10 Protection of Geographical Indications  (3) 12
  • Article   16.11 Copyright and Related Rights 12
  • Article   16.12 Patents 13
  • Article   16.13 Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights 13
  • Article   16.14 Special Requirements Related to Border Measures 13
  • Article   16.15 Criminal Procedures and Remedies 13
  • Article   16.16 Special Measures Against Copyright Infringers on the Internet 13
  • Article   16.17 Cooperation 13
  • Article   16.18 Committee on Intellectual Property 14
  • Article   16.19 Consultations 14
  • Chapter   Seventeen Environment 14
  • Article   17.1 Context and Objectives 14
  • Article   17.2 Right to Regulate and Levels of Protection 14
  • Article   17.3 Multilateral Environmental Agreements 14
  • Article   17.4 Trade Favouring Environmental Protection 14
  • Article   17.5 Upholding Levels of Protection In the Application and Enforcement of Laws 14
  • Article   17.6 Scientific Information 14
  • Article   17.7 Access to Remedies and Procedural Guarantees 14
  • Article   17.8 Transparency 14
  • Article   17.9 Public Information 14
  • Article   17.10 Cooperation 14
  • Article   17.11 Institutional Mechanism 14
  • Article   17.12 Government Consultations 14
  • Article   17.13 Panel of Experts  (2) 14
  • Article   17.14 Protection of Information 14
  • Article   17.15 Dispute Settlement 14
  • Article   17.16 Application to the Provinces of Canada 14
  • Article   17.17 Definitions 14
  • Annex 17-1  Procedures Related to Panel of Experts 14
  • Annex 17-B  Application to Provinces of Canada 14
  • Chapter   Eighteen Labour 14
  • Article   18.1 Statement of Shared Commitments 14
  • Section   A Obligations 14
  • Article   18.2 General Obligations 14
  • Article   18.3 Non-derogation 14
  • Article   18.4 Government Enforcement Action  (2) 14
  • Article   18.5 Private Action 14
  • Article   18.6 Procedural Guarantees 14
  • Article   18.7 Public Information 14
  • Section   B Institutional Mechanisms 14
  • Article   18.8 Labour Ministerial Council 14
  • Article   18.9 National Points of Contact 15
  • Article   18.10 Public Communications 15
  • Article   18.11 Cooperative Activities 15
  • Article   18.12 General Consultations 15
  • Section   C Procedures for Review of Obligations 15
  • Article   18.13 Labour Consultations 15
  • Article   18.14 Review Panel  (3) (4) 15
  • Article   18.15 Panellists 15
  • Article   18.16 Information for the Review Panel 15
  • Article   18.17 Initial Report 15
  • Article   18.18 Final Report 15
  • Section   D General Provisions 15
  • Article   18.19 Enforcement Principle 15
  • Article   18.20 Private Rights 15
  • Article   18.21 Security of Domestic Procedures 15
  • Article   18.22 Protection of Information 15
  • Article   18.23 Cooperation with International and Regional Organisations 15
  • Article   18.24 Dispute Settlement 15
  • Article   18.25 Definitions 15
  • Annex 18-A  Cooperative Activities 15
  • Annex 18-B  Public Communications 15
  • Annex 18-C  Extent of Obligations 15
  • Annex 18-D  Procedures Related to Review Panels 15
  • Annex 18-E  Monetary Assessments 15
  • Chapter   Nineteen Transparency 16
  • Article   19.1 Publication 16
  • Article   19.2 Notification and Provision of Information 16
  • Article   19.3 Administrative Proceedings 16
  • Article   19.4 Review and Appeal 16
  • Article   19.5 Cooperation on Promoting Increased Transparency 16
  • Article   19.6 Policy on Non-discriminatory Purchase and Use of Goods and Services 16
  • Article   19.7 Definitions 16
  • Chapter   Twenty Institutional Provisions and Administration 16
  • Article   20.1 Joint Commission 16
  • Article   202 Agreement Coordinators 16
  • Annex 20-A  Committees, Sub-Committees, Working Groups, and Other Bodies 16
  • Annex 20-B  Committee on Outward Processing Zones on the Korean Peninsula 16
  • Chapter   Twenty-One Dispute Settlement 16
  • Section   A Dispute Settlement 16
  • Article   21.1 Cooperation 16
  • Article   21.2 Scope and Coverage 16
  • Article   21.3 Choice of Forum 16
  • Article   21.4 Consultations 16
  • Article   21.5 Good Offices, Conciliation and Mediation 16
  • Article   21.6 Establishment of a Panel 16
  • Article   21.7 Panel Composition 16
  • Article   21.8 Rules of Procedure 16
  • Article   21.9 Panel Reports 17
  • Article   21.10 Implementation of the Final Report 17
  • Article   21.11 Non-implementation – Suspension of Benefits 17
  • Article   21.12 Compliance Review 17
  • Section   B Domestic Proceedings and Private Commercial Dispute Settlement 17
  • Article   21.13 Referrals of Matters from Judicial or Administrative Proceedings 17
  • Article   21.14 Private Rights 17
  • Article   21.15 Alternative Dispute Resolution 17
  • Anex 21-A  Nullification and Impairment 17
  • Annex 21-B  Code of Conduct for Members of Panels 17
  • Annex 21-C  Model Rules of Procedure 17
  • Chapter   Twenty-Two Exceptions 18
  • Article   22.1 General Exceptions 18
  • Article   22.2 National Security 18
  • Article   22.3 Taxation 18
  • Article   22.4 Transfers 18
  • Article   22.5 Disclosure of Information 18
  • Article   22.6 Cultural Industries 18
  • Article   22.7 World Trade Organization Waivers 18
  • Article   22.8 Definitions 18
  • Annex 22-A  Taxation and Expropriation 18
  • Chapter   Twenty-Three Final Provisions 18
  • Article   23.1 Annexes, Appendices and Footnotes 18
  • Article   23.2 Amendments 18
  • Article   23.3 Reservations 18
  • Article   23.4 Entry Into Force 18
  • Article   23.5 Duration and Termination 18
  • Article   23.6 Authentic Texts 18
  • Annex I  Reservations for Existing Measures 18
  • Schedule of Canada  Explanatory Notes 18
  • Annex I  Schedule of Canada 19
  • Appendix I-A  Illustrative List of Canada’s Sub-National Non-conforming Measures (2) 22
  • Schedule of Korea  Explanatory Notes 22
  • Annex I  Schedule of Korea 22
  • Annex II  Reservations for Future Measures 25
  • Schedule of Canada  Explanatory Notes 25
  • Annex II  Schedule of Canada 25
  • Appendix II-A  Canadian Sectors Covered by Article XVI of the GATS 26
  • Schedule of Korea  Explanatory Notes 26
  • Annex II  Schedule of Korea 27
  • Appendix II-A  Korean Sectors Covered by Article XVI of the GATS 30